O esverdeamento da economia e os tributos verdes : um duro caminho rumo �� sustentabilidade da gest��o dos res��duos s��lidos urbanos (RSU)

Tese (doutorado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel, 2013.

A sustentabilidade da ��gua

Disserta����o de Mestrado para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Mestrado Integrado em Arquitectura com Especializa����o em Arquitectura de Interiores, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade T��cnica de Lisboa.

Interface natural baseado no movimento da cabe��a e olhos

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Engenharia El��trica e Eletr��nica, Especializa����o em Sistemas de Energia e Controlo, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Identification of regulatory polymorphisms associated with breast cancer risk

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Ci��ncias Biom��dicas, Departamento de Ci��ncias Biom��dicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Marketing de cinema : a supply chain do sector cinematografico portugu��s

Mestrado em Marketing

Princ��pios modulares de projecto em Arquitectura Paisagista. PROAP - Uma abordagem sustent��vel

Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Formula����o de massas cer��micas para porcelanas el��tricas utilizando res��duos oriundos de corpos de fus��veis

The power industry generates as waste ceramic bodies of electrical fuses that are discarded after use. The formulation of ceramic bodies for porcelain electrical insulators using waste from the bodies fuse allocation promotes environmentally appropriate, through the reuse of the material. This work evaluated the technical feasibility of using waste for use in electrical porcelains with formulations containing the residue, feldspar and kaolinite. The raw materials were processed through grinding and sieving to 200 mesh. The ceramic material obtained from the proposed formulations with 25%, 30%, 34% and 40% of the residue went through a vibratory mill for grinding and homogenization, and then were sieved at 325 mesh. The samples were shaped in a uniaxial press, with the application of 25 MPa and sintered at 1100�� C, 1150��C, 1200��C, 1225��C and 1250��C, at levels of 20 and 45 minutes. Were also developed bodies of evidence with reference formulations obtained without residue, to establish a comparison on physical, mechanical and electrical. The tests were conducted and technology: linear shrinkage, porosity, water absorption, resistance to bending to three points, measuring insulation resistance electrical resistivity of the material, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence Waste characterizations pointed to the existence of two phases: mullite and quartz phases are of great importance in the microstructure of the ceramic and this fact reveals a possibility for reuse in electrical porcelains. The mullite is an important constituent because it is a phase that makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength in addition to the body allows the use at high temperatures. The use of ceramic bodies residue fuses, proved feasible for application in electrical porcelain and the most significant results were obtained by the formulations with 25% waste and sintering at 1200��C

Formula����o de bloco intertravado cer��mico com adi����o de res��duos urbanos e industriais

The production of waste from urban and industrial activities is one of the factors of environmental contamination and has aroused attention of the scientific community, in the sense of its reuse. On the other hand, the city of Salvador/Ba, with approximately 262 channels, responsible for storm water runoff, produces every year, by the intervention of cleaning and clearing channels, a significant volume of sediments (dredged mud), and thus an appropriate methodology for their final destination. This study aims to assess the influence of incorporation of these tailings in arrays of clay for production of interlocked block ceramic, also known as ceramic paver. All the raw materials from the metropolitan region of Salvador (RMS) were characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TG and TDA), particle size analysis and dilatometry. With the use of statistical experimental planning technique, ternary diagram was defined in the study region and the analyzed formulations. The specimens were prepared with dimensions of 60x20x5mm��, by uniaxial pressing of 30 MPa and after sintering at temperatures of 900��, 1000�� and 1100��C the technological properties were evaluated: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specifies mass, flexural rupture and module. For the uniaxial compression strength used cylindrical probe body with �� 50 mm. The standard mass (MP) was prepared with 90% by weight of clay and 10% by weight of Channel sediment (SCP), not being verified significant variations in the properties of the final product. With the incorporation of 10% by weight of manganese residue (PFM) and 10% by weight of the Ceramic waste (RCB) in the mass default, in addition to adjusting the plasticity due to less waste clay content, provided increased linear firing shrinkage, due the significant concentration of K2O, forming liquid phase at low temperature, contributing to decreased porosity and mechanical resistance, being 92,5 MPa maximum compressive strength verified. After extract test leachate and soluble, the piece containing 10% of the PFM, was classified as non-hazardous and inert material according to NBR10004/04 ABNT. The results showed the feasibility on using waste, SCP, RCB and PFM clay mass, at temperatures above 900��C, paver ceramic production, according to the specifications of the technical standards, so that to exceed the 10% of the PFM, it becomes imperative to conduct studies of environmental impacts

Op����es de projeto : custos de execu����o, manuten����o e repara����o

Actualmente no mundo da constru����o, existe uma enorme variedade de materiais e de solu����es construtivas dispon��veis para aplica����o nos diversos elementos das edifica����es (caves, fachadas e coberturas), no entanto, estes materiais/solu����es construtivas, s��o muitas vezes analisadas e apresentadas em termos de caracter��sticas t��cnicas, sendo deixado de lado a quest��o da rentabilidade ou n��o da sua aplica����o a longo prazo. Face a este factor, julgou-se necess��rio efectuar um estudo que permitisse avaliar, at�� que ponto uma poupan��a inicial conseguida atrav��s da aplica����o de uma solu����o construtiva menos dispendiosa, e com piores caracter��sticas t��cnicas, se tornaria numa poupan��a efectiva, ou se pelo contr��rio, s��o as solu����es com melhores caracter��sticas, que permitem ao longo do tempo, reaver o acr��scimo de investimento inicial. Com este objectivo, descrevem-se poss��veis solu����es construtivas a aplicar na constru����o de um edif��cio multifamiliar, onde atrav��s de crit��rios t��rmicos e de durabilidade, se procura demonstrar que de facto, a aplica����o de melhores solu����es, que acarretam um maior investimento inicial, revelam-se mais econ��micas ao longo do tempo, uma vez que as melhores caracter��sticas destas, permitem um retorno com o passar dos tempos.

Estudo do res��duo fosfogesso na formula����o de uma pasta para revestimento interno de edif��cios

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Estudo da viabilidade do processo de reciclagem do material descartado do sistema Zirkonzanh�� de produ����o de pr��teses dent��rias

At present, the material of choice for performing aesthetic dental prosthetic work is in the ceramic. Among them, the ceramic base of stabilized zirconia with 3% yttria (3Y - TZP) stand out for having excellent physical and mechanical properties. During the machining of blocks of zirconia in the laboratory to prepare the various types of prostheses, much of the material is given off in the form of powder, which is subsequently discarded. The waste of this material results in financial loss, reflecting higher final cost treatment for patients, as well as damage to the environment, thanks to the processes involved in the manufacture and disposal of the ceramic. This research, pioneered the recycling of zirconium oxide powder obtained during milling of dental crowns and bridges, we highlight the social and environmental aspects and aims to establish a protocol for the reuse of waste (powder of zirconia Zirkonzahn�� system) discarded to obtain a new block of compacted zirconia to maintain the same mechanical and microstructural properties of commercial high-cost imported material. To compare with the commercial material, samples were uniaxially (20 MPa) and isostatically (100 MPa), and its mechanical and microstructural characterization was performed through tests of density, porosity, dilatometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness, fracture toughness, resistance to fracture electron microscopy (SEM) and analysis of grain size. The results observed in the samples were isostatically pressed similiares those obtained with samples from the commercial material demonstrating the viability of the process

Extens��o rural em Agroecologia como ferramenta para constru����o do conhecimento agroecol��gico no Amazonas baseada no di��logo de saberes.

As atividades de extens��o realizadas no curso superior de tecnologia em agroecologia do IFAM tem o objetivo gerar um aprendizado em via de m��o dupla, por meio do di��logo de saberes entre popula����es tradicionais do Amazonas e acad��micos do curso de tecnologia em agroecologia do Instituto Federal do Amazonas. Para Isso, foram realizadas oficinas de reaproveitamento de alimentos na comunidade Lago do lim��o, munic��pio do Iranduba; e oficina de Plantas Aliment��cias N��o Convencionais na comunidade S��o Jo��o do Ara����, no munic��pio de Itacoatiara. Foram demonstradas as possibilidades de reaproveitar para alimenta����o, res��duos org��nicos e esp��cies aliment��cias n��o convencionais. As duas atividades tiveram participa����o efetiva dos comunit��rios e permitiram aos acad��micos a conviv��ncia com a realidade amaz��nica e a intera����o com os agricultores familiares e suas dificuldades e perspectivas de vida, contribuindo assim, para a forma����o com vis��o sist��mica, conforme preconiza a agroecologia.

An��lise do comportamento e crescimento do camar��o branco Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) em diferentes substratos inconsolidados

The aim of this study was to test the sediment preference of L. vannamei shrimp. It was observed shrimp visit frequency, swimming and burying behaviour at different sediment compositions for 24h. Juvenile (0.93 �� 0.29g) and sub-adult shrimps (10.0 �� 1.18g) were obtained from the aquaculture station at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-��rido UFERSA, and held in a plastic tank (water volume 500 L) supplied with aerated water and kept at constant temperature, pH, and salinity. Shrimp was fed by commercial shrimp dry food. The experimental substrates were composed by A: medium sand + thick sand + very thick sand + gravel; B: very fine sand + fine sand; and C: silt + clay. Thus, six different substrate combinations were tested: A, B, C, A+B, A+C, B+C. To test preference, it was used a cylindrical tank (40 l) divided into six differently substrate compartments. A single shrimp was introduced each tank and the frequency at which this shrimp visited each compartment was recorded over a 24h study period. It was tested 54 shrimp (18 sub-adult males, 18 subadult females and 18 juveniles). For each trial, sediment and water were changed to avoid pheromones and residues influence. Shrimp were weighted and sub-adults were divided by sex: males present petasma and females present thelycum. Data were collected on the experimental day at 19:30; 20:30; 00:30; 1:30; 05:30; 06:30; 13:30 and 14:30 h. At each time point, shrimp were observed for 20-min periods, in which we noted down which compartment the shrimp was occupying at 2-min intervals. Thus, for each period we had eleven observations (88 observations per day). For observations at night, it was used dim red light that did not affect shrimp behaviour. At each 20-min period, it was observed visit frequency in each substrate, if shrimp was burred or not or if it was swimming. There was not significant difference between light and dark burry activity for females. Swimming activity was significantly higher at night, mainly at 00:30 and 01:30 h. All L. vannamei shrimp showed preference for sediment B. This animal presents cyclic activity, spends the day light period buried and swims at night

Investiga����o experimental de permutadores de calor para aplica����o em sistema de recupera����o de energia t��rmica de ve��culos

Devido ��s normas ambientais atualmente em vigor que restringem a quantidade de gases poluentes emitidos para a atmosfera pelos autom��veis, e tamb��m pela cada vez maior consciencializa����o para os problemas ambientais que o consumo de combust��veis f��sseis acarreta, assim como devido ao cada vez mais elevado pre��o dos mesmos, os construtores autom��veis t��m como principal objectivo a redu����o do consumo do combust��vel e consequente diminui����o de emiss��o de poluentes. Os sistemas de reaproveitamento da energia t��rmica desperdi��ada nos motores de combust��o interna (MCI), podem contribuir de forma significativa para o aumento da efici��ncia de convers��o de energia em ve��culos equipados com MCI. O presente estudo �� dedicado ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de recuperera����o desta energia desperdi��ada, recorrendo ao ciclo de Rankine, com ��nfase no desenvolvimento da montagem experimental, na avalia����o do desempenho de diferentes geometrias de evaporador e no estudo das incertezas experimentais. Tendo em conta as v��rias restri����es de projeto (compacidade, perda de carga e pot��ncia recuperada por unidade de volume) o presente trabalho permitiu identificar a geometria do evaporador mais adequada.

Fabrico h��brido em grande escala de materiais comp��sitos

As tecnologias de fabrico aditivo e subtrativo t��m vindo a desenvolver-se no sentido de permitir a produ����o de pe��as com melhores rigor dimensional, caracter��sticas mec��nicas, f��sicas e qu��micas, utilizando ainda materiais completamente novos desenvolvidos a pensar nos requisitos em determinadas aplica����es. A fabrica����o h��brida, um processo que utiliza dois ou mais processos de fabrico com caracter��sticas diferentes na mesma unidade de fabrico aproveitando assim as vantagens de cada processo, tem vindo a aparecer como meio de melhorar a qualidade e complexidade dos produtos a serem desenvolvidos. O desenvolvimento de processos de grande escala tem tamb��m vindo a verificar-se, sendo estes uma amplia����o e aplica����o dos processos j�� existentes para a produ����o a uma escala maior. Os comp��sitos de matriz polim��rica s��o os materiais em foco neste trabalho. Alguns pol��meros derivam de fontes n��o renov��veis como o petr��leo, o que tem levado ao crescimento da ind��stria de reciclagem deste tipo de materiais para a sua reutiliza����o. Acresce o facto de que a incorpora����o de res��duos industriais �� vista como uma vantagem, quer em termos de custos, quer em termos de sustentabilidade. O presente trabalho teve com objetivo o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de fabrica����o h��brida, aplicadas a materiais comp��sitos provenientes, em parte, do reaproveitamento de res��duos industriais. Assim, foi desenvolvido um sistema de extrus��o de grandes dimens��es - um bra��o robot com uma extrusora acoplada no seu ��ltimo eixo, com uma variante h��brida combinando extrus��o e maquina����o - uma m��quina fresadora com uma extrusora acoplada na sua ��rvore (Eixo Z); e foram desenvolvidos materiais comp��sitos aplicando o reprocessamento com incorpora����o de res��duos, por forma a originar produtos de materiais reciclados, contribuindo para a conserva����o do ambiente. Foi efetuada a valida����o de um dos conceitos atrav��s do desenvolvimento de pe��as extrudidas com os materiais reciclados e posterior estudo de par��metros de processamento que conduzem a melhores resultados em temos de geometria. Esta avalia����o foi efetuada com recurso a t��cnicas de engenharia inversa. Foi poss��vel identificar tend��ncias que permitir��o melhorar a aplicabilidade deste tipo de processos no fabrico de pe��as de grandes dimens��es.