Una descomposición genética para el concepto de recta tangente

Presentamos una descomposición genética del concepto de recta tangente vista como una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje. Para generar esta descomposición genética se ha realizado un análisis histórico de la génesis del concepto, un análisis de libros de texto de Bachillerato, una síntesis de los resultados de las investigaciones sobre la comprensión de la recta tangente y hemos tenido en cuenta los resultados de un cuestionario respondido por alumnos de Bachillerato. La descomposición genética integra las perspectivas analítica local y geométrica como medio para favorecer la tematización del esquema de recta tangente.

Reto educativo : la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en los libros de texto : contrastes y semejanzas entre los manuales empleados en Castelo Branco, Portugal y Michoacán, México

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados del análisis de un conjunto de libros de texto con la finalidad de averiguar si las imágenes en ellos contenidas promueven los principios de igualdad y equidad de género. La muestra tomada para el estudio se compone de un total de seis manuales del curso escolar 2010/2011, tres de Michoacán, México, y tres de Castelo Branco, Portugal, correspondientes a las asignaturas de ciencias, lengua y geografía. Se utilizaron estratégias metodológicas mixtas, debido a que el empleo de métodos de corte cuantitativo y de corte cualitativo nos ofrece la posibilidad de elaborar un análisis que, además de contrastar los datos obtenidos, profundiza sobre la temática abordada. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los y las adolescentes no disponen, en los manuales examinados, de referentes suficientes que les permitan romper/ deconstruir los estereotipos de género tradicionalmente atribuidos a uno y otro sexo. Tanto las ilustraciones como el contenido de las mismas muestran mayoritariamente a mujeres desempeñando papeles psicosociales relacionados con el cuidado de los otros/as, mientras que los hombres aparecen casi siempre realizando trabajos remunerados y de prestigio (científicos, gobernantes). En las conclusiones de este artículo se cuestiona la presencia del sexismo en los libros de texto, con la intención de incorporar la perspectiva de género a los manuales didácticos, lo que permitiría transmitir al alumnado patrones de comportamiento y modelos que se ajusten a una realidad social regida por la igualdad y la justicia.

A system of ethicks: Of morall phylosophy in generall & in speciall

This hardcover volume contains manuscript copies of Charles Morton's "A System of Ethicks," "Pneumatics. Or a treatise of the Rev'd Mr. Charles Morton about ye Nature of Spirit," "Appendix of the Souls of Brutes," "Some Theological Questions Answd," and a one-page list "Texts of Scripture to prove if ye head of Christ &c." copied by Harvard student Ebenezer Williams in February 1707/8.

Notebook of Obadiah Ayer, 1708-1716

The leather-bound notebook contains academic texts copied by Obadiah Ayer while he was a student at Harvard, and after his graduation in 1710. There is a general index to the included texts at the end of the volume.

Compendium logicæ secundum principia D. Renati Descarte catechisticè propositum : [1693]

Small leather hardcover volume containing a manuscript copy of William Brattle’s abstract of René Descartes’ "Compendium Logicae" copied in Latin, likely by Thomas Phipps in 1693. A crossed out inscription on the inside back cover appears to read “Thomas Phips 1693” likely referring to Thomas Phipps, a member of the Harvard Class of 1695.

Compendium logica in quatuor partes, 1701

Small hardcover notebook containing a manuscript copy of William Brattle's abstract of René Descartes' "Compendium Logicae" copied in Latin by Harvard student Joseph Metcalf between April 29th and May 7th, 1701. The text includes an ornately decorated title page and drawings and notes on the flyleaves. The covers are unattached. The inside front cover is inscribed: "Joseph Burbeen Walker 1845."

Student notebook of Samuel Dunbar, 1721-1722

This leather-bound volume contains substantial transcriptions copied by Samuel Dunbar from textbooks while he was a student at Harvard in 1721 and 1722. There is a general index to texts at the end of the volume. Dunbar's notebook provides a window into the state of higher education in the eighteenth century and offers a firsthand account of academic life at Harvard College. Notably, he often indicated the number of days spent copying texts into his book.

A catechism geographical, historicall and chronologicall

Notebook of unlined pages holding a handwritten copy of Tutor Flynt's "Catechism" copied by Harvard student Hull Abbot (1702-1774, Harvard AB 1720). The volume lists questions and accompanying answers on various academic subjects.

A catechism geographicall, historical and chronologicall 1719

Notebook of unlined pages with paper marbled cover holding a handwritten copy of Tutor Flynt's "Catechism" likely copied by Harvard student John Wolcott in 1719. The volume lists questions and accompanying answers on various academic subjects. On the last page, the inscription "John Wolcott [the name is crossed over] his geography, 1719" indicates Wolcott (1702-1747), a member of the Harvard class of 1721, copied the book.

Compendium physicæ ex authoribus extractum, 1714

Manuscript copy of Charles Morton’s Compendium Physicae prepared by copyist Robert Ward in 1714. The leather-bound volume includes text and drawings, and there is an index to the chapters of the book at the end of the volume. "Thomas Greaves's book Octob 1 Anno Salutis 1714" inscribed on flyleaf. Thomas Greaves may refer to the Charlestown physician and judge and member of the Harvard Class of 1703.

Philosophia naturalis ex authoribus extracta per dominum

This leather-bound volume contains a manuscript copy of Charles Morton’s Compendium Physicae copied by Harvard student Obadiah Ayer in 1708. The volume has text and drawings (including one large foldout drawing), and there is an index to the chapters at the end of the volume. Mather Byles (Harvard Class of 1725) also used the book.

Student notebook of Ebenezer Parkman, 1720

The small hardcover notebook contains a manuscript copy of Charles Morton's Natural Philosophy copied by student Ebenezer Parkman (Harvard Class of 1721) in 1720, as well as notes on Hebrew grammar. The flyleaf has a faded note, "[This copy] was probably made by Parkman H.U. 1721 afterward minister of Westboro." The title page of the volume includes the handwritten title "Phylosophia Natvralis: Naturall Philosophy, By the Reverd Mr. Charles Morton Pastor of a Church in Charles Town, Beegan [sic] to recite it December 11, 1720 Willm Brattle's Book 1720 ended January 30 Anno Domini 1720 [January 30, 1720/1721]." The final page of the transcription is signed and dated "June 18, 1720 Parkman." The last pages of the volume consist of notes on Hebrew Grammar titled "Instruction in Hebrew."

Enchiridion ethicum ad theses contractiores redactum in usum pupillorum, p. D. J. L., 1694

Forty-six-page notebook in modern hardcover binding containing John Leverett's edited version of Henry More's "Enchiridion ethicum" transcribed in Latin in 1694. The last page of the document includes entries in Leverett's hands: "Colom // January 17 1690/1," "Winth // January 31 1692/3", and "Vaug // Marty 10 1695/6." The inscriptions and notes likely refer to Benjamin Colman (Harvard AB 1692), Adam Winthrop (Harvard AB 1694), and George Vaughn (Harvard AB 1696).

Student notebook of Jonathan Trumbull, 1724-1725

The bound notebook contains academic texts copied by Harvard student Jonathan Trumbull in 1724 and 1725. The volume includes transcriptions of Harvard Instructor Judah Monis' Hebrew Grammar, Tutor William Brattle's Compendium of Logic, and Fellow Charles Morton's Natural Logic.