A relação escola-família como potenciadora do sucesso educativo

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Narratives great and small: neighbourhood change, place and identity in Notting Hill

The area of Notting Hill in west London has been subject to much media coverage in recent years, which, along with substantial gentrification, has given rise to an image of the area as the epitome of fashionable London. This study investigates the views of those marginal to gentrification and mediated representation on their feelings about the local area, its image and their changing neighbourhoods. Many participants in the research resented some of the more recent changes in Notting Hill and the area's representation in the media. However, in contrast to expectations, most of the more working-class respondents involved in the research did not articulate much emotional attachment to the area. They were more concerned with what might be termed the material aspects of life in Notting Hill: convenience, facilities, safety and so on. In contrast, the more middle-class respondents frequently spoke of their regret of the changes to the area, such as the loss of independent shops, and the reduction in diversity. Paradoxically, the loss of working-class landscapes seems a relatively middle-class worry. The symbolically important landscapes described by working-class respondents were related to more immediate, material issues, in which gentrification was only a relatively minor concern. The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com

Autoeficácia, características sociodemográficas e capacitação profissional: um estudo com servidores de uma Universidade Federal

Self-efficacy, the construct developed by Albert Bandura in 1977 and widely studied around the world, means the individual's belief in his own capacity to successfully perform a certain activity. This study aims to determine the degree of association between sociodemographic characteristics and professional training to the levels of Self-Efficacy at Work (SEW) of the Administrative Assistants in a federal university. This is a descriptive research submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of UFRN. The method of data analysis, in quantitative nature, was accomplished with the aid of the statistical programs R and Minitab. The instrument used in research was a sociodemographic data questionnaire, variables of professional training and the General Perception of Self-efficacy Scale (GPSES), applied to the sample by 289 Assistants in Administration. Statistical techniques for data analysis were descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, reliability test (Cronbach's alpha), and test of significance (Pearson). Results show a sociodemographic profile of Assistants in Administration of UFRN with well-distributed characteristics, with 48.4% men and 51.6% female; 59.9% of them were aged over 40 years, married (49.3%), color or race white (58%) and Catholics (67.8%); families are composed of up to four people (75.8%) with children (59.4%) of all age groups; the occupation of the mothers of these professionals is mostly housewives (51.6%) with high school education up to parents (72%) and mothers (75.8%). Assistants in Administration have high levels of professional training, most of them composed two groups of servers: the former, recently hired public servants (30.7%) and another with long service (59%), the majority enter young in career and it stays until retirement, 72.4% of these professionals have training above the minimum requirement for the job. The analysis of SEW levels shows medium to high levels for 72% of assistants in administration; low SEWclassified people have shown a high average of 2.7, considered close to the overall mean presented in other studies, which is 2.9. The cluster analysis has allowed us to say that the characteristics of the three groups (Low, Medium and High SEW) are similar and can be found in the three levels of SEW representatives with all the characteristics investigated. The results indicate no association between the sociodemographic variables and professional training to the levels of self-efficacy at work of Assistants in Administration of UFRN, except for the variable color or race. However, due to the small number of people who declared themselves in color or black race (4% of the sample), this result can be interpreted as mere coincidence or the black people addressed in this study have provided a sense of efficacy higher than white and brown ones. The study has corroborated other studies and highlighted the subjectivity of the self-efficacy construct. They are needed more researches, especially with public servants for the continuity and expansion of studies on the subject, making it possible to compare and confirm the results

La loi applicable aux transferts de biens virtuels

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'université Paris1-Sorbonne

INTERGENERATIONAL SUPPORT AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN CHANGING FAMILY CONTEXTS

This dissertation consists of three papers that examine the complexities in upward intergenerational support and adult children’s influence on older adults’ health in changing family contexts of America and China. The prevalence of “gray divorce/repartnering ” in later life after age 55 is on the rise in the United States, yet little is known about its effect on intergenerational support. The first paper uses the life course perspective to examine whether gray divorce and repartnering affect support from biological and stepchildren differently than early divorce and repartnering, and how patterns differ by parents’ gender. Massive internal migration in China has led to increased geographic distance between adult children and aging parents, which may have consequences for old age support received by parents. This topic has yet to be thoroughly explored in China, as most studies of intergenerational support to older parents have focused on the role of coresident children or have not considered the interdependence of multiple parent-child dyads in the family. The second paper adopts the within-family differences approach to assess the influence of non-coresident children’s relative living proximity to parents compared to that of their siblings on their provision of support to parents in rural and urban Chinese families. The study also examines how patterns of the impact are moderated by parents’ living arrangement, non-coresident children’s gender, and parents’ provision of support to children. Taking a multigenerational network perspective, the third paper questions if and how adult children’s socioeconomic status (SES) influences older parents’ health in China. It further examines whether health benefits brought by adult children’s socioeconomic attainment are larger for older adults with lower SES and whether one of the mechanisms through which adult children’s SES affects older parents’ health is by changing their health behaviors. These questions are highly relevant in contemporary China, where adult children have experienced substantial gains in SES and play a central role in old age support for parents. In sum, these three papers take the life course, the within-family differences, and the multigenerational network perspective to address the complexities in intergenerational support and older adults’ health in diverse family contexts.

Use of oral rehydration therapy in the treatment of childhood diarrhoea in Douala, Cameroon

Introduction The use of oral rehydration solutions in our context remains limited. This study was conducted to analyze the rate of this use in Douala, Cameroon and thereby determine the factors associated with it. Method A cross-sectional survey was administered to parents of children aged five years and younger during a six-month study period. The studied variables focused on the socio-demographic data of the population, data on diarrhoea and its severity, data on oral rehydration salts (ORS), and data related to other interventions for diarrhoea. The chi-square test was used to qualify associations between variables, with the significance level being set at 5%. Results Overall, 672 people agreed to participate in the study. Among them, 418 (62.2%) correctly defined diarrhoea. When their children develop diarrhoea, the majority of the parents (348, 51.8%) reported seeking hospital assistance before any intervention, while 225 parents (33.5%) preferred the use of ORS first. Four hundred seventy-five parents (70.7%) had heard of ORS and among them 313 (65.9%) had actually given ORS to their children as treatment during these children’s most recent episodes of diarrhoea. Of the parents who had given their children ORS, 217 (69.3%) knew how to prepare it, and 122 (39.0%) knew how to administer it. One hundred thirty-five parents (20.1%) had administered metronidazole to treat their children’s diarrhoea. The age of the children, the parents’ level of education, and the number of children in the household significantly influenced the use or non-use of ORS (respectively, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). Rehydration was correctly identified by 234 parents (34.8%) as the purpose of administering ORS. Conclusion The knowledge and the use of ORS in diarrhoea by the study sample was insufficient. The role of ORS was poorly known. Awareness campaigns can be carried out in order to improve the use of this effective intervention for diarrhoea.

Religious fundamentalism and utopianism in the 21st century

Why is it so difficult to respond to religious fundamentalism from within a liberal paradigm? This paper explores a core problem within religious fundamentalism, stemming from its relationship to the phenomenon of utopianism. This is a complex relationship, which occurs on several different levels, including the content of fundamentalist visions (religious fundamentalisms contain utopian visions of the good life), and its structural paradigm (utopianism and fundamentalism both stem from discontent with the now, challenge cornerstones of their contemporaneous world, and desire radically different alternatives). Of greatest concern is an attachment to perfection, which permits a malign form of utopianism to propel religious actors into a politics of ‘divinely sanctioned’ violence.

Patogenia de piscirickettsiosis: estudio sobre la infectividad de Piscirickettsia salmonis y el efecto de sus productos extracelulares

La piscirickettsiosis es una enfermedad contagiosa sistémica de los peces teleósteos cuyo agente causal es Piscirickettsia salmonis, una bacteria gram negativa intracelular facultativa. Esta enfermedad se ha descrito esporádicamente en distintas áreas geográficas y especies de peces en el mundo, pero es endémica y particularmente severa en salmónidos criados en agua de mar en Chile. En esta tesis se investigaron algunos aspectos de la patogénesis de esta enfermedad, estudiándose la infectividad de P. salmonis, tanto in vitro como in vivo, y buscándose además evidencias de la capacidad de secretar exotoxinas por parte de esta bacteria. Los ensayos de infectividad en células CHSE-214, procedentes de embrión de salmón chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), mostraron que existe una rápida adherencia de la bacteria a la superficie de la membrana plasmática (≤ 5 min posinoculación) seguida de su incorporación al citoplasma de estas células, proceso que ocurre entre las 3 y las 6 h posinoculación. Por su parte, el estudio de infectividad in vivo, que se realizó en trucha arcoiris (O. mykiss), reveló que este proceso comprende tres etapas principales: (i) una fase de rápida adhesión a células epiteliales principalmente de piel y branquias, pero también del canal alimentario; (ii) una invasión progresiva desde los sitios de entrada hacia tejidos más profundos hasta alcanzar el torrente sanguíneo y; (iii) una rápida diseminación vía hematógena para alcanzar virtualmente todos los tejidos corporales. Finalmente, se demostró que P. salmonis puede secretar exotoxinas termolábiles que tienen un efecto citotóxico selectivo según la célula blanco expuesta y que, probablemente, son parte de los factores de virulencia involucrados en la patogénesis de la piscirickettsiosis.

Blame Attributions Among Child Sexual Abuse Survivors and Disclosure of the Abuse

Child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure is critical for survivor´s psychosocial adjustment later in life. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between attributions of blame for child sexual abuse by the victim and the disclosure of the abuse to parents or caregivers while controlling for characteristics of the abuse. Female college students between 17 and 24 years of age (M = 19.44, SD = 1.64) from a southern Spanish University were surveyed. Of 1547 respondents, 153 (9.90%) reported having suffered some form of CSA before the age of 15. Information about the characteristics of abuse (age of onset, type of abuse suffered, continuity of abuse, and relationship with and age of the perpetrator) and the existence of abuse disclosure by the survivor was obtained from a self-reported questionnaire developed for the present study. The Attributions of Responsibility and Blame Scale (McMillen & Zuravin, 1997) was used to assess attributions made about CSA (self-blame, perpetrator blame and family blame). The results of a logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ² (9) = 43.856, p < .001. The model explained 41% (Nagelkerke R²) of the variance of abuse disclosure and correctly classified 85.6% of cases. Survivor disclosure was 5.50 times more likely to occur when the perpetrator was not a family member (Wald = 8.14, p < .01) and 3.95 times more likely to occur when there was not physical contact with the perpetrator (Wald = 4.30, p < .05). The occurrence of disclosure was also related to increased perpetrator age (Wald = 4.83, p < .05). With regard to the attributions of blame, the occurrence of disclosure was related to lower scores on self-blame (Wald = 6.78, p < .01) and higher scores on family blame (Wald = 9.67, p < .001). However, no relationship was found between perpetrator blame and disclosure of abuse. The results confirm the idea that not only self-blame attributions, but also family blame attributions are critical to the decision of a CSA victim to disclose abuse. The possibility that children who do not disclose abuse have a greater need to deny the occurrence of abuse, or have more confusion about being abused is discussed. Attributions of blame should be taken into serious consideration when evaluating children for possible sexual abuse.

A migração dos treinadores desportivos

Esta tese pretende contribuir para o conhecimento da migração de treinadores desportivos. Foram realizados quatro estudos para examinar quais os fatores envolvidos na migração de treinadores desportivos. Os dados recolhidos foram tratados através de métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa. O primeiro estudo permitiu identificar que estudos sobre a migração no desporto utilizam as dimensões macro e micro de forma independente. As metodologias utilizadas nos estudos, qualitativa ou quantitativa, variam de acordo com a dimensão de definida para o estudo da migração (macro ou micro). Foi também identificado um número bastante reduzido de estudos sobre a migração dos treinadores desportivos. O segundo estudo permitiu identificar que a migração de treinadores desportivos está predominantemente relacionada com mecanismos informais de recrutamento. As motivações dos treinadores para migrar estão maioritariamente relacionadas com três categorias identificadas em estudos anteriores, nomeadamente as categorias: ambicioso, cosmopolita e pioneira. As experiências dos treinadores são focadas principalmente em aspetos desportivos. O terceiro estudo, permitiu identificar um padrão de migração de treinadores desportivos que envolve a sobreposição de fatores económicos, históricos e culturais. De salientar, a importância das relações socias na migração de treinadores para zonas de maior prestígio e para zonas com melhor situação financeira. O quarto estudo, permitiu demonstrar que existe uma polarização no discurso dos meios de comunicação social relativamente aos treinadores estrangeiros. Este tipo de discurso está relacionado, por um lado com o reconhecimento do treinador estrangeiro como essencial no desenvolvimento e sucesso desportivo do país de acolhimento. Por outro lado, o discurso dos meios de comunicação social está relacionado com a estigmatização do treinador estrangeiro como o principal responsável pelo subdesenvolvimento do desporto do país de acolhimento. Os meios de comunicação social do país de acolhimento tendem a estigmatizar os treinadores estrangeiros de mercenários, não comprometidos com o desenvolvimento desportivo nacional. Os resultados globais permitiram propor um quadro conceptual sobre a migração de treinadores desportivos.

Igual consideração e respeito, independência ética e liberdade de expressão em Dworkin : uma reconciliação entre igualdade e liberdade e a possibilidade do discurso do ódio em um ordenamento coerente de princípios

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Direito, 2016.

Prevalencia de anemia con sus factores asociados en niños/as de 12 a 59 meses de edad y capacitación a los padres de familia en el Centro de Desarrollo Infantil de la Universidad de Cuenca. Cuenca, diciembre 2015 - mayo 2016

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de anemia en niños y niñas de 12 a 59 meses de edad con sus factores asociados, y capacitación a padres de familia en el Centro de Desarrollo Infantil de la Universidad de Cuenca (CEDIUC), METODOLOGÍA: Esta investigación se basó en un estudio descriptivo – transversal de prevalencia, se efectuó mediante la obtención de pruebas de hemoglobina a 90 niños/as de 12 a 59 meses de edad y cuestionarios a los padres sobre factores de riesgo; a los mismos se les aplicó encuestas validadas para visualizar el grado de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la alimentación y nutrición respecto a la deficiencia de hierro. Se manejó frecuencias y porcentajes, y para las variables numéricas media, mediana y moda en programas estadísticos. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de anemia fue en total del 43,3%, el 30% de los niños/as presentó anemia leve y un 13,3% padeció de anemia moderada. La afección tuvo un asocio importante con respecto a la edad, género, lugar de residencia, condición socioeconómica, factores perinatales y estado nutricional actual. Sobre los conocimientos y prácticas en relación a la alimentación, se pudo señalar que gracias a las capacitaciones se mejoró del 31,4% a un 89,9% al finalizar el estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: Se logró evidenciar ciertas relaciones importantes entre anemia e indicadores de riesgo a pesar del número reducido de participantes. Brindar charlas y talleres de manera periódica a los padres y personal del CEDIUC para mejorar sus conocimientos y prevenir complicaciones a futuro se considera oportuno, necesario y preventivo.

Different Aspects of General Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review

Context:Most child population is able to undergo dental treatment in the conventional setting. However, some children fail to cope with in-office conscious state and cannot respond to usual management modalities. This review aims to discuss the topic further. Evidence Acquisition: A computerized search in databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Google were performed using dental general anesthesia related keywords. Original and review English-written articles that were limited to child population were retrieved without any limitation of publication date. The suitable papers were selected and carefully studied. A data form designed by author was used to write relevant findings. Results: Preoperative oral examination and comprehensive evaluation of treatment needs is only possible after clinical and radiographic oral examination. Effective collaboration in dental GA team should be made to minimize psychological trauma of children who undergo dental GA. Before conducting comprehensive dental treatment under GA, the general health of the child and the success rate of procedures provided needs to be accurately evaluated. It is noteworthy that determination of the optimal timing for GA dental operation is of great importance. Providing safety with pediatric dental rehabilitation under GA is critical. Conclusions: Besides criteria for case selection of dental GA, some degree of dental practitioner’s judgment is required to make decision. Pre- and post-operative instructions to parents or caregiver decrease the risk of complications. However, trained resuscitation providers, careful monitoring and advanced equipment minimize adverse outcomes.

Caracterización de los procesos psicoeducativos orientados a la prevención de la conducta suicida en colegios de Bogotá.

59 p

Os hábitos de sono e suas implicações em contexto educativo

Relatório final apresentado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação pré- escolar e em Ensino do 1.º ciclo doensino básico