The Baltic states’ Territorial Defence Forces in the face of hybrid threats. OSW Commentary Number 165, 19.03.2015

From the Introduction. Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its aggression in eastern Ukraine have triggered a debate about the main directions of defence policy in the Nordic and Baltic region. In the Baltic states, but also in the Nordic countries and Poland, much attention is being paid to questions of Territorial Defence Forces (TDF). TDF are viewed as one of the elements in the national defence systems’ response during the early stages of a hybrid conflict. The Baltic states have decided to adapt their Territorial Defence Forces to new threats by making a number of changes to their functioning, depending on the local conditions in each case. Given the growing uncertainty in the region, they have opted not to undertake any in-depth reforms of TDF at this stage, as that could entail a temporary disorganisation in the armed forces. In the coming years Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania will invest in increasing the size and combat readiness of their Territorial Defence Forces, providing them with better training and equipment, and creating a system of incentives to encourage more people to serve in volunteer formations.

Geen leger, is onbetaalbaar = No Belgian armed forces is unaffordable. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 61, February 2015

In this Security Policy Brief Jo Coelmont examines the challenges Belgium is facing at present. On the one hand there is the declared political objective to henceforth provide its defence forces with the means of achieving all of its tasks and, furthermore, to develop a new Strategic Plan, while taking decisions on replacing its current fleet of F16 fighter aircraft and determine strategic orientations on the replacement of frigates, mine hunter vessels and other major equipment programmes. On the other hand, the already taken austerity measures impose severe structural cuts on its defence budget for the upcoming five years. In this context the author is proposing some « dos and don’ts«.

Between continuation and adaptation: The Baltic states’ security policy and armed forces. OSW COMMENTARY 190/23.11.2015

The Baltic states have responded to the annexation of Crimea and the increased Russian military activity in the Nordic and Baltic region by taking measures to strengthen their own military potential. At the same time, they have intensified efforts to have the USA and NATO step up their military presence on their respective territories. Changes concerning the security policies and the armed forces of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia have included increases in defence spending, the number of soldiers and members of volunteer Territorial Defence Forces, speeding up modernisation programmes, and – in the case of Lithuania – the reintroduction of conscription. In the coming years the Baltic states will focus on developing those of their military capabilities directly related to the defence of the country’s territory. However, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia will not stop participating in the foreign missions of NATO, which is the guarantor of their security. The extent to which these plans can be implemented will depend primarily on the economic and demographic situations of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

Computer simulation of the effect of road roughness on tire-pavement forces for an articulated vehicle performing braking and cornering maneuvers. Phase report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Unified action armed forces (UNAAF) November 1959.

Includes Changes 1,3,4,6,7,8 and addendum to change 8, 1961-1964.

NATO-Warsaw Pact : issues related to implementation of a Conventional Forces Treaty : report to Congressional Committees /

"B-230546"--p. 1.

Chord-wise air load distribution : War Dept., Army Air Forces : Navy Dept., Bureau of Aeronautics : Dept. of Commerce, Civil Aeronautics ... /

Tables.

The Negro : his rights and wrongs, the forces for him and against him /

"Sermons ... delivered in the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church, Washington, D.C., November 20th and 27th, and December 4th and 11th. They are published by request"--p. [3].

A history of German literature as determined by social forces, [being the 4th ed. (enl.) of the author's Social forces in German literature]:

"Twelfth impression."

Social forces in American history,

Mode of access: Internet.

Journal of the Constitutional convention of the commonwealth of Virginia to amend the Constitution of Virginia for voting by certain members of the armed forces. Held in the old hall of the House of delegates in the state Capitol at Richmond April 30, May 1, 2, 22, 1945 [and]

J. Sinclair Brown, president of the convention

Computer simulation of the effect of road roughness on tire-pavement forces in braking and cornering. Interim report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Hearing on H.R. 6038 and H.R. 11687 ... before the Military Compensation Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Forces, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, second session, April 5, 1978.

Mode of access: Internet.