869 resultados para Operações de Combate em Ambiente Urbano
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The detention and infiltration ponds of urban drainage system has function to protect the population from undesirable effects of floods. In general these ponds are not completly used and it potential is wasted. As it are disseminated at different places at cities it can reduce costs with water transport and permit water preservation of best quality. Some it utilities includes use in green areas irrigation, industrial among than cooling towers and boiler, soil compaction, cleaning urban road, pisciculture and fire fighting system. The quality these water is influenced by anauthorized sewage in the drainage system. This study was performed in six detention and infiltration ponds at drainage system of Natal, which aim was to verify the non-portable use these ponds on urban environment. As indirect aim would to incentive the water utilization these ponds as a water source to another uses in urban environment. These ponds represents the characteristics of detention and infiltration of Natal city and consequently of Brazil. As the water quality, the ponds presents following characteristics: three has apparently good quality, other showed intermediate condition and two had water polluted. Were performed twenty sample in each ponds and the following parameters assessed: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, coliform thermotolerant, ammonia, organic nitrogen, TKN, nitrate, total phosphorus and alkalinity, bicarbonate, chloride, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, total solids, TSS, TDS, COD and SAR°. To utilization on pisciculture we recommend use in ponds which presents the best quality. Only one pond presented higher pollutants and it not being appropriated for use in cooling tower. The content of solids suspension restricted the water use in all ponds in boilers. As water use in soil compaction, cleaning urban road and fire fighting system the water from these ponds are not appropriated. However, the recommended limits from literature are to domestic sewage, due to this, the parameters are restrictive to diminish the sanitary risk that could be offered with it utilization. The infiltration velocity of water these assessed ponds restrict a moderato use, however the effects are potentiated only in soil less sandy, which not occur in Natal. It is recommend the unrestricted irrigation utilization in ponds with best quality of water, and a restricted irrigation to ponds with worst quality of water. As load of pollutants, it is recommended a complementary treatment in those ponds whit higher load to diminish sanitary risks. In only one pond was found one helminth eggs and due to the convention formula of results, it was found for all ponds less than 1 helminth/liter eggs.
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The black-tufted-marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), abundant in the southeastern state of São Paulo, is an exotic and invasive species . The present study aimed to study the behavior and make monitoring a population black-tufted-marmoset in man-made environment. The observations were made following the method of scan sampling, which consists of continuous observations with a duration of three minutes with a fifteen-minute intervals between one record and another. The individuals are monitored at two locations on campus, where two groups were identified (with a mean of 3.50 ± 2.06 individuals) totaling 291 hours and 30 minutes of observation. Were determined tree layers used, and observed that the group of EC preferably utilizes the highest stratum, while the group of LCF uses the middle and lower strata. Types of vocalization, such as calling, interaction and alert and frequency and percentage of these were also observed. The food items consumed by the groups that are similar in the two study sites, mostly sap and leaves were diagnosed. From observations of behavioral patterns was possible to construct an ethogram of the species ' Luiz de Queiroz ' campus, comprising the behaviors of vocalization, locomotion, foraging, game, among others. The results may be useful for development of management techniques and for subsequent studies
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Fil: Anzoátegui, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.
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Fil: Anzoátegui, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.
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Fil: Anzoátegui, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.
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Inclui notas explicátivas, bibliográficas e bibliografia.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise da interação do Exército Brasileiro perante os 42 (quarenta e dois) órgãos civis e militares no conjunto de favelas da Maré e de que forma estas influenciaram na doutrina das operações militares de pacificação. A Operação São Francisco - iniciada em 5 de abril de 2014 pela Força de Pacificação (F Pac), foi designada aos componentes do Ministério da Defesa para assegurar e promover a garantia da lei e da ordem (GLO) pública nas comunidades do Complexo da Maré, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia proposta baseou-se em uma pesquisa aplicada com técnica de abordagem mista, através da pesquisa bibliográfica, da análise dos documentos e relatórios da F Pac e da realização de entrevistas aos integrantes das forças militares e dos civis que prestaram serviços públicos na região supracitada. Para isso, foi utilizado o método indutivo por meio dos testes estatísticos, que visaram identificar relacionamentos causais entre as demandas de serviços públicos civis atendidos nas comunidades, bem como a influência destas nas operações de pacificação e nas políticas de defesa voltadas à atualização da doutrina e das operações militares. As contribuições teóricas esperadas foram a observação das mudanças no emprego operacional em um ambiente com alta criminalidade e baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e fornecer informações para o emprego colaborativo das instituições civis sob a proteção militar (mas não sob o controle militar). Isto visou proporcionar à população o acesso aos serviços públicos básicos com segurança e minimizou o desgaste das ações de GLO através da conquista da opinião pública local. As contribuições práticas esperadas residiram no aumento do potencial militar, através da integração de políticas públicas efetivas das pastas civis. As implicações referiram-se a abordagem e a maior interação entre as pastas governamentais militares e civis através da mediação da Seção de Assuntos Civis. As pesquisas deste trabalho evidenciaram por serem restritas ao contexto da pacificação de um conjunto de favelas da capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2014.
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The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days
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Com o fim da Guerra Fria e a dissolução do Pacto Militar de Varsóvia, a Rússia deixou de ser uma ameaça à hegemonia militar norte-americana e da NATO. Assim, desde esse momento para cá que se tem assistido a um quase total acesso, livre de verdadeira oposição, a qualquer teatro de operações. Durante a Guerra do Golfo, em 1990-91, e posteriormente no Afeganistão e Iraque a partir de 2001, no que constituem os dois grandes conflitos armados pós-Guerra Fria, os EUA em conjunto com a NATO, conseguiram alcançar a vitória através de um total acesso operacional aos teatros de operações, e com um grau de ameaça bastante reduzido. Contudo, este cenário de ameaça reduzida e acesso global está claramente comprometido. Isto porque um sem número de meios e tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas e aplicadas exatamente com este propósito. Assim, em 2003 surgiu o acrónimo A2/AD – “Anti-Access/Area Denial”, para qualificar estes meios e estratégias para os empregar, por forma a negar o acesso ao cenário de conflito, ou limitar a facilidade de movimentação no teatro de operações. Estas estratégias de A2/AD diminuem a capacidade de projeção de poder, negando a facilidade de movimentação e capacidade de ação, permitindo ainda uma miríade de abordagens operacionais. Os inúmeros adversários dos EUA/NATO não irão cometer os mesmos erros que Saddam Hussein cometeu na primeira Guerra do Golfo. Em particular, a China tem desenvolvido grande parte da sua capacidade de A2/AD com base em exemplos retirados deste conflito. A proliferação deste tipo de capacidades e meios ao longo de um espectro bastante significativo de atores estatais e não-estatais obriga a que tanto os EUA como a NATO desenvolvam formas inovadoras de lhes fazer face. As operações anfíbias poderão ser uma resposta bastante capaz a este cenário de A2/AD. A capacidade única de operar transversalmente em diversos domínios, com um custo relativamente baixo e juntando forças dos vários ramos, respondendo de forma rápida a qualquer situação e providenciando uma presença avançada num cenário de conflito tornam as Operações Anfíbias numa resposta bastante válida à questão estratégica do A2/AD.
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O presente trabalho de investigação versa sobre o tema “A contrainsurgência na atualidade: ambiente Organização do Tratado Atlântico Norte”. O objetivo desta investigação será identificar quais os aspetos a melhorar na organização, no aprontamento e nos meios necessários para uma Quick Reaction Force enfrentar um adversário insurgente num teatro de operações de uma força da Organização do Tratado Atlântico Norte. Pretende-se analisar o emprego das Forças Comandos integrando os módulos do Apoio de Combate e Apoio de Serviços. Assim, esta investigação iniciar-se-á com uma componente teórica, fundamentada numa pesquisa bibliográfica, seguida de uma componente prática, correspondente à realização de entrevistas que permitiram obter respostas para a questão central em apreço. Estas duas componentes culminam com a conclusão resultante do processo de investigação. O presente trabalho de investigação aplicada permitiu concluir que, relativamente à organização, a força de Comandos, integrada com os seus módulos provou ser a adequada para o cumprimento da missão de Quick Reaction Force, denotando, ainda assim, carência relativamente à inclusão de equipas de desativação de engenhos explosivos. O treino da força provou ser o adequado, estando relacionado com o tipo de tarefas que efetivamente foram realizadas no Afeganistão. Nos meios que equipavam a força, apesar de adequados, constatou-se que seria necessária uma atualização relativamente às versões dos mesmos.
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The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.