Public and user participation in public service delivery: tensions in policy and practice

Social-scientific analysis of public-participation initiatives has proliferated in recent years. This review article discusses some key aspects of recent work. Firstly, it analyses some of the justifications put forward for public participation, drawing attention to differences and overlaps between rationales premised on democratic representation/representativeness and those based on more technocratic ideas about the knowledge that the public can offer. Secondly, it considers certain tensions in policy discourses on participation, focusing in particular on policy relating to the National Health Service and other British public services. Thirdly, it examines the challenges of putting a coherent vision for public participation into practice, noting the impediments that derive from the often-competing ideas about the remit of participation held by different groups of stakeholders. Finally, it analyses the gap between policy and practice, and the consequences of this for the prospects for the enactment of active citizenship through participation initiatives.

The role of science and technology management companies in the set-up and coordination of multi-partners scientific alliances

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação

Plano nacional de leitura: mais e melhor literacia

Este estudo visa descrever e analisar comparativamente as estratégias de leitura desenvolvidas por um grupo de educadoras a trabalhar em estabelecimento educativos, nos quais está a ser desenvolvido o Plano Nacional de Leitura e por outro grupo no qual não está implementado este projeto. Para o efeito realizamos um estudo de caso em quatro salas do ensino pré-escolar frequentadas por crianças de cinco anos de idade. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas várias técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados. Assim sendo, realizámos entrevistas às educadoras, observação naturalista às mesmas a lerem histórias às crianças, aplicámos questionários a nível nacional e também aplicámos inquéritos às crianças dos grupos destas educadoras, com o objetivo de detetarmos quais as suas atitudes perante a leitura de histórias. Os resultados mostram-nos que apesar de existirem nos estabelecimentos onde se encontra a decorrer o Plano Nacional de Leitura mais livros e equipamento informático que naqueles aonde este projeto ainda não foi implementado isso não é sinónimo de mais e melhores práticas nem melhores resultados na promoção da literacia junto das crianças. ABSTRACT: This Study is a comparative analysis of the literacy strategies employed by two groups of teachers; one that follows the National Reading Project and another one that does not. The case study was conducted in four preschool classrooms with five-year old children. Several data collection techniques were used; teacher interviews, naturalistic observations in the classrooms during read-aloud, teacher questionnaires, and student questionnaires to describe Literacy beliefs and practices. The results show that, even though there are more books and e-learning resources in classrooms where the National Reading Project is implemented, this does not translate into more and better Literacy practices or in better promotion of reading attitudes in children.

Estudo da participação de microRNAs na regulação da resposta imune inata de macrófagos murinos à infecção por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2016.

La cinématographie-attraction à Montréal à la lumière de la législation (1896-1913)

La cinématographie-attraction a longtemps été considérée comme les débuts du cinéma, jusqu’à ce qu’une controverse, en 1978, marque une rupture historiographique et la considère comme un objet d’études à part entière, distinct du cinéma institutionnel. Nous l’analysons ici dans le contexte de Montréal, entre la présentation du Cinématographe Lumière en 1896 et l’entrée en fonction du Bureau de censure des vues animées de la province du Québec en 1913. Plus précisément, nous interrogeons son institutionnalisation à la lumière de la législation ; les représentants du gouvernement canadien donnent un statut juridique aux vues animées en modifiant et en votant des textes légaux. Cette étude définit le contexte cinématographique, historique et géographique. Elle aborde ensuite trois domaines de la cinématographie-attraction qui ne sont pas les mêmes que ceux du cinéma : la fabrication (le financement, le tournage et la modification des œuvres cinématographiques), l’exhibition (les séances de projections payantes d’images animées) et la réception (les jugements portés sur les vues animées). Nous montrons comment la cinématographie-attraction est d’abord contrôlée par de nombreuses personnes (celles qui financent, celles qui tournent les vues animées, les propriétaires de lieux d’amusements, le policier ou le pompier présent au cours des projections), puis par des institutions reconnues et les représentants du gouvernement. En nous appuyant sur la presse montréalaise, les discours officiels, les discours diocésains, les textes légaux, les catalogues publiés par les compagnies de fabrication et sur les vues animées, nous montrons quels sont les enjeux de l’institutionnalisation pour les différents groupes sociaux.

La cinématographie-attraction à Montréal à la lumière de la législation (1896-1913)

La cinématographie-attraction a longtemps été considérée comme les débuts du cinéma, jusqu’à ce qu’une controverse, en 1978, marque une rupture historiographique et la considère comme un objet d’études à part entière, distinct du cinéma institutionnel. Nous l’analysons ici dans le contexte de Montréal, entre la présentation du Cinématographe Lumière en 1896 et l’entrée en fonction du Bureau de censure des vues animées de la province du Québec en 1913. Plus précisément, nous interrogeons son institutionnalisation à la lumière de la législation ; les représentants du gouvernement canadien donnent un statut juridique aux vues animées en modifiant et en votant des textes légaux. Cette étude définit le contexte cinématographique, historique et géographique. Elle aborde ensuite trois domaines de la cinématographie-attraction qui ne sont pas les mêmes que ceux du cinéma : la fabrication (le financement, le tournage et la modification des œuvres cinématographiques), l’exhibition (les séances de projections payantes d’images animées) et la réception (les jugements portés sur les vues animées). Nous montrons comment la cinématographie-attraction est d’abord contrôlée par de nombreuses personnes (celles qui financent, celles qui tournent les vues animées, les propriétaires de lieux d’amusements, le policier ou le pompier présent au cours des projections), puis par des institutions reconnues et les représentants du gouvernement. En nous appuyant sur la presse montréalaise, les discours officiels, les discours diocésains, les textes légaux, les catalogues publiés par les compagnies de fabrication et sur les vues animées, nous montrons quels sont les enjeux de l’institutionnalisation pour les différents groupes sociaux.

Fish assemblages of shallow intertidal habitats of the Ria Formosa lagoon (South Portugal): influence of habitat and season

Fish assemblages in seagrass and unvegetated habitats located in shallow intertidal creeks within the saltmarsh area of the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon were sampled with a Riley push net at 3 sites on a monthly basis over a 1 yr period. The objective was to test if both habitats support similar fish assemblages in terms of abundance, diversity, assemblage structure, and size distribution, and to investigate how site and season affect the assemblages. Fish assemblages associated with these habitats were significantly different in terms of diversity, abundance, and assemblage structure. Seagrass supported a larger number of species and greater diversity, while unvegetated habitat supported greater fish numbers but only of a few species. The habitats were dominated by different groups of resident species that were responsible for major differences in fish assemblage structure between habitats. Pomatoschistus microps and young-of-the-year (YOY) Atherina presbyter dominated the unvegetated habitat, while seagrass was dominated by a diverse group of species, in particular syngnathids and small labrids, revealing different habitat preferences. Site and season were determinant factors conditioning the role of habitat in structuring fish assemblages. Distance between habitats, site elevation, and the amount of marsh drained affected fish assemblages in both habitats. Seasonal fluctuations in the presence and abundance of YOY from marine migrant and resident species were responsible for comparable changes in fish assemblage structure in both habitats. Both habitats provide a distinctive nursery area for different species, while common species reveal ontogenic distributional changes between habitats, where smaller fish appear first in unvegetated creeks.

Handle with care: historical geographies and difficult cultural legacies of egg-collecting

This thesis offers an examination of egg-collecting, which was a very popular pastime in Britain from the Victorian era well into the twentieth century. Collectors, both young and old, would often spend whole days and sometimes longer trips in a wide variety of different habitats, from sea shores to moorlands, wetlands to craggy mountainsides, searching for birds’ nests and the bounty to be found within them. Once collectors had found and taken eggs, they emptied out the contents; hence, they were really eggshell collectors. Some egg collectors claimed that egg-collecting was not just a hobby but a science, going by the name of oology, and seeking to establish oology as a recognised sub-discipline of ornithology, these collectors or oologists established formal institutions such as associations and societies, attended meetings where they exhibited unusual finds, and also contributed to specialist publications dedicated to oology. Egg-collecting was therefore many things at once: a culture of the British countryside, from where many eggs were taken; a culture of natural history, taking on the trappings of a science; and a culture of enthusiasm, providing a consuming passion for many collectors. By the early twentieth century, however, opposing voices were increasingly being raised, by conservation groups and other observers, about the impact that egg-collecting was having on bird populations and on the welfare of individual birds. By mid-century the tide had turned against the collectors, and egg-collecting in Britain was largely outlawed in 1954, with further restrictions imposed in 1981. While many egg collections have been lost or destroyed, some have been donated to museums, including Glasgow Museums (GM), which holds in its collections over 30,000 eggs. As a Collaborative Doctoral Award involving the University of Glasgow and GM, the project outlined in this thesis aims to bring to light and to life these egg collections, the activities of the collectors who originally built them, and the wider world of British egg-collecting. By researching archival material held by Glasgow Museums, published specialist egg-collecting journals and other published sources, as well as the eggs as a material archive, this thesis seeks to recover some of the practices and preoccupations of egg collectors. It also recounts the practical activities carried out during the course of the project at GM, particularly those involving a collection of eggs newly donated to the museum during the course of this project, culminating in a new temporary display of birds’ eggs at Glasgow Museums Resource Centre.

Factores asociados a desenlaces clínicos en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de infección respiratoria aguda grave en una institución de nivel IV en Bogotá, Colombia

OBJETIVOS: Identificar los factores asociados a los desenlaces clínicos (muerte y estancia hospitalaria) en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de Infección Respiratoria Aguda Grave (IRAG) por grupos etarios, en una institución de nivel IV de Bogotá en el año 2015. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODO: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó la totalidad de pacientes de todas la edades hospitalizados con diagnóstico final IRAG notificados al sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica. Se realizó descripción de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se hizo un análisis bivariado y multivariado para identificar los factores asociados a los desenlaces clínicos relevantes como muerte y estancia hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: La mayor prevalencia de la IRAG se presenta en los grupos extremos de la vida siendo la población menor de 5 años la de mayor número de casos. La mortalidad fue baja, siendo exclusiva del adulto mayor de 75 años asociada a puntuación alta en la escala CURB65. Las causas de estancia clínica prolongada son multifactoriales y pueden estar asociadas a condiciones propias de la historia natural de la enfermedad, a complicaciones, a descompensación de patologías de base o a factores no clínicos.

Civil conflict and voting behavior : evidence from Colombia

¿Cuáles son los efectos de la guerra sobre el comportamiento político? Colombia es un caso interesante en el que el conflicto y las elecciones coexisten y los grupos armados ilegales intencionalmente afectan los resultados electorales. Sin embargo, los grupos usan diferentes estrategias para alterar estos resultados. Este artículo argumenta que los efectos diferenciales de la violencia sobre los resultados electorales son el resultado de estrategias deliberadas de los grupos ilegales, que a su turno, son consecuencia de las condiciones militares que difieren entre ellos. Usando datos panel de las elecciones al Senado de 1994 a 2006 y una aproximación por variables instrumentales para resolver posibles problemas de endogenidad, este artículo muestra que la violencia guerrillera disminuye la participación electoral, mientras que la violencia paramilitar no tiene ningún efecto sobre la participación pero reduce la competencia electoral y beneficia a nuevos partidos no-tradicionales. Esto es consistente con la hipótesis de que la estrategia de la guerrilla es sabotear las elecciones, mientras que los paramiltares establecen alianzas con ciertos candidatos.

Humified fraction of organic matter due to plant mixture cultivation.

The aim of this study was to assess the organic matter changes in quantity and quality, particularly of the humic fraction in the surface layer (0?20 cm), of a Typic Plinthustalf soil under different management of plant mixtures used as green manure for mango (Mangifera indica L.) crops. The plant mixtures, which were seeded between rows of mango trees, were formed by two groups of leguminous and non -leguminous plants. Prior to sowing, seeds were combined in different proportions and compositions constituting the following treatments: 100% non-leguminous species (NL); 100% leguminous species (L); 75% L and 25% NL; 50% L and 50% NL; 25% L and 75% NL; and 100% spontaneous vegetation, considered a control. The plant mixtures that grew between rows of mango trees caused changes in the chemical composition of the soil organic matter, especially for the treatments 50% L and 50% NL and 25% L and 75% NL, which increased the content of humic substances in the soil organic matter. However, the treatment 25% L and 75% NL was best at minimising loss of total organic carbon from the soil. The humic acids studied have mostly aliphatic characteristics, showing large amounts of carboxylic and nitrogen groups and indicating that most of the organic carbon was formed by humic substances, with fulvic acid dominating among the alkali soluble fractions.

IN THE YOUNG DISCOURSES ON THE OUTSKIRTS: WHAT ARE THE MEANING EFFECTS PRODUCED IN ENGLISH?

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify how the incidence of English language in the young discourses at non-formal spaces of education leads to individual valorization and what meaning effects are produced in English allowing new clues to formal education. For this, participative observations were made and a semi structured interview was applied for twenty three young average age 13 to 25, from the east and northeast regions of São Leopoldo city/RS. All of them were assisted by a non-governmental organization called PROAME. Since the participative observations audio recorded, were selected several discursive sequences which were analyzed based on French Discourse Analysis and concepts as language, subject, discursive and ideological formations and conditions of production. As results were found: a) many young use English to name, identify products offered in the consumption market and in places frequented by their groups; b) a reproduction of pedagogical discourse legitimated by school, which sees English as a basic necessity to apply for a job position; c) a reproduction of media and consumption discourses; d) young dislocate meanings exchanging common nouns to name objects, for proper nouns, in other words, they name objects using trades and brands of products in English. As final considerations we realized that even though the languages are mixed in the young discourses, many faults in the learning process in school period was identified and it impelled this group of young to feel included in foreign languages and in our modern society, they also have created different repertoires of answers and different meaning effects for all the vocabulary universe of English language. KEYWORDS: Discourse Analyses, English; Education

Twisted conjugacy classes in nilpotent groups

A group is said to have the R(infinity) property if every automorphism has an infinite number of twisted conjugacy classes. We study the question whether G has the R(infinity) property when G is a finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group. As a consequence, we show that for every positive integer n >= 5, there is a compact nilmanifold of dimension n on which every homeomorphism is isotopic to a fixed point free homeomorphism. As a by-product, we give a purely group theoretic proof that the free group on two generators has the R(infinity) property. The R(infinity) property for virtually abelian and for C-nilpotent groups are also discussed.