992 resultados para International regime


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We consider two Cournot firms, one located in the home country and the other in the foreign country, producing substitute goods for consumption in a third country. We suppose that neither the home government nor the foreign firm know the costs of the home firm, while the foreign firm cost is common knowledge. We determine the separating sequential equilibrium outputs.

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As Caixas de Crédito Agrícola Mútuo, tendo em conta a sua forma cooperativa, não têm um escopo lucrativo, mas um escopo mutualístico, traduzido na promoção dos interesses económicos dos seus membros. Assim, defende-se a inviabilidade do regime de aplicação dos resultados previsto no diploma que regula estas entidades, por este permitir um retorno dos excedentes sob a forma de remuneração de títulos de capital, convertendo-o numa distribuição de dividendos. Invoca-se que a remuneração dos títulos de capital nas cooperativas não constitui uma repartição de resultados, mas um gasto. Por sua vez, os excedentes cooperativos não são lucros e o seu retorno não configura um dividendo.

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Entidade política cedo dotada de homogeneidade lingüística e circunscrita numa mesma fronteira, Portugal apresentou desde o início características para ser uma 'sociedade nacional'. Em finais de Antigo Regime, porém, ainda não é coeso institucional nem juridicamente: o 'pessoal do Estado' não actua com eficácia, e o aparato legislativo não une o território, implementando uma 'cultura política comum' . Portugal não está apto para ser um Estado-Nação. Durante o período anterior, no senhorialismo medieval, é compreensível que o vigente isolamento localista não somente impedisse o Estado de coordenar o espaço do país, como também dificultasse a penetração interactiva nas populações. Portanto, uma vez incapaz de obter os necessários réditos, o Estado não podia conseguir uma integração nacional. A Época Moderna assiste a um gradual atenuar destas circunstâncias. A realidade com que o país se defronta, contudo, ao finalizar este período (a partir de meados de setecentos) é, ainda, a realidade de um localismo municipal, ou seja a afirmação do poder no espaço de cada unidade concelhia, a única capaz de interagir, extrair e, principalmente, coordenar as populações que lhe estão subordinadas.

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We consider two firms, located in different countries, selling the same homogeneous good in both countries. In each country there is a non negative tariff on imports of the good produced in the other country. We suppose that each firm has two different technologies, and uses one of them according to a certain probability distribution. The use of either one or the other technology affects the unitary production cost. We analyse the effect of the production costs uncertainty on the profits of the firms and also on the welfare of the governments.

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This paper explores the relationship between the expatriates’ knowledge acquisition (KA) and their career development after an international assignment (IA). The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of expatriates in KA and transfer within International Portuguese multinational corporations. Furthermore, with this empirical study we try to analyse how the knowledge that is acquired and transferred translates into a basis for career development after the IA. This phenomenon has a special relevance in the Portuguese context, because this country is known a growing process of globalization in recent years. Furthermore, (a) there are no empirical studies concerning knowledge transfer and career development of repatriates from Portuguese companies; (b) little is known about the repatriates’ contributions to their home company after IA. This paper is one of the first to focus specifically on the repatriates’ role in KA and transfer from the host company to their Portuguese home company. A qualitative research methodology is used, specifically through an exploratory case study approach, which examines how knowledge management (KM) acquisition or transferring during IA are important for the repatriates’ career development in the Portuguese home company. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews to 42 Portuguese international assignees and 18 organizational representatives from nine Portuguese companies. Preliminary results show that KA and transfer made by Portuguese expatriates contributes directly to their career development. Moreover, evidence reveals that not all repatriates were promoted after their IA; rather some repatriates were even demoted after their IA. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that the type of knowledge which acquired or transferred plays a central role in the career development after repatriation. According to these results, the paper discusses the major theoretical and practical implications. Suggestions for future research are also presented.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História Contemporânea

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The exponential increase in clinical research has profoundly changed medical sciences. Evidence that has accumulated in the past three decades from clinical trials has led to the proposal that clinical care should not be based solely on clinical expertise and patient values, and should integrate robust data from systematic research. As a consequence, clinical research has become more complex and methods have become more rigorous, and evidence is usually not easily translated into clinical practice. Therefore, the instruction of clinical research methods for scientists and clinicians must adapt to this new reality. To address this challenge, a global distance-learning clinical research-training program was developed, based on collaborative learning, the pedagogical goal of which was to develop critical thinking skills in clinical research. We describe and analyze the challenges and possible solutions of this course after 5 years of experience (2008-2012) with this program. Through evaluation by students and faculty, we identified and reviewed the following challenges of our program: 1) student engagement and motivation, 2) impact of heterogeneous audience on learning, 3) learning in large groups, 4) enhancing group learning, 5) enhancing social presence, 6) dropouts, 7) quality control, and 8) course management. We discuss these issues and potential alternatives with regard to our research and background.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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Trabalho de project de Mestrado em Antropologia de Direitos Humanos e Movimentos Sociais

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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências da Comunicação - Comunicação e Linguagem