Estudo cinético na caracterização do status corporal de zinco na Síndrome de Berardinelli-Seip

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Risco de doença cardiovascular em mulheres com história de distúrbio hipertensivo da gravidez

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a disease that can lead to a high maternal and infant morbidity. Worldwide, the incidence of this disease is highly variable and there is no data on this disorder in the Brazilian population. This study aimed at determining incidence and risk factors in the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in a neighborhood of Natal, in addition to observing the evolution of these disorders one year and five years after delivery. METHODS: Prospective cohort study to assess the outcome of pregnancies of 242 women who became pregnant between 2004-2007 in the neighborhood of Bom Pastor in the city of Natal, state of RN, Brazil. Five years after delivery, there was an active search of thirty-nine (39) women who became pregnant and had a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy and/or pré-eclâmpsia, out of the total of 242 participants in the initial study. We administered a structured questionnaire to obtain basic information about the current clinical situation of patients and occurrences of subsequent pregnancy and presence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We also searched for information on the use of hypotensive drugs and contraceptives. The following characteristics were checked and recorded: a) current weight, b) blood pressure c) body mass index - BMI, and we collected biological samples (blood and urine) for measurement of biochemical parameters and evaluation of microalbuminúria. Finally, we monitored the ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), which uses the method of automatic measurement of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an average of the two for the period of 24 hours. RESULTS: Out of 218 women who completed the study, the incidence of hypertensive disorders was of 16.9% (37 out of 218), while the incidence of preeclampsia was 13.8% (30 of 218). Women with preeclampsia had a BMI (body mass index) averaged of 25.3 (± 4.8) while this ratio in normotensive women was of 23.5 (± 3.7), p = 0.02. The risk of preeclampsia rises with age (OR 1084 p = 0.0034) and with a family history of hypertension (OR 2.6 p = 0.01). The follow-up one year after delivery revealed that 50% of women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remained hypertensive. High BMI was also observed after 5 years of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: an elevated BMI, age above 35 years and excessive weight gain during pregnancy were associated with hypertension in the long term in patients with prior preeclampsia. History of preeclampsia increases the risk of chronic hypertension

Nanotechnological delivery systems for the oral administration of active molecules: Polymeric microparticles and microemulsions applied to anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious drugs

This thesis was devoted to the development of innovative oral delivery systems for two different molecules. In the first part, microparticles (MPs) based on xylan and Eudragit® S- 100 were produced and used to encapsulate 5-aminosalicylic acid for colon delivery. Xylan was extracted from corn cobs and characterized in terms of its physicochemical, rheological and toxicological properties. The polymeric MPs were prepared by interfacial cross-linking polymerization and spray-drying and characterized for their morphology, mean size and distribution, thermal stability, crystallinity, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. MPs with suitable physical characteristics and satisfactory yields were prepared by both methods, although the spray-dried systems showed higher thermal stability. In general, spraydried MPs would be preferable systems due to their thermal stability and absence of toxic agents used in their preparation. However, drug loading and release need to be optimized. In the second part of this thesis, oil-in-water microemulsions (O/W MEs) based on mediumchain triglycerides were formulated as drug carriers and solubility enhancers for amphotericin B (AmB). Phase diagrams were constructed using surfactant blends with hydrophiliclipophilic balance values between 9.7 and 14.4. The drug-free and drug-loaded MEs presented spherical non-aggregated droplets around 80 and 120 nm, respectively, and a low polydispersity index. The incorporation of AmB was high and depended on the volume fraction of the disperse phase. These MEs did not reduce the viability of J774.A1 macrophage-like cells for concentrations up to 25 μg/mL of AmB. Therefore, O/W MEs based on propylene glycol esters of caprylic acid may be considered as suitable delivery systems for AmB

Avaliação da atividade biológica de óleos essenciais sobre candida não albicans de origem clínica

Candidíase é um problema de importância crescente, devido o aumento do número de indivíduos imunocomprometidos e o surgimento de cepas resistentes aos antifúngicos convencionais. É de fundamental importância a busca por novos agentes antifúngicos mais eficazes, menos tóxicos, sendo os óleos essenciais (OEs) excelentes alternativas para esse propósito. Esse estudo investigou a atividade biológica do OE de Mentha spicata L. sobre Candida guilliermondii de origem anal e vaginal. Para tanto foram determinadas a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), cinética do crescimento das leveduras (Time-Kill), alterações micromorfológicas (técnica do microcultivo em câmara úmida) e investigação do mecanismo de ação antifúngico, utilizando o bioensaio do sorbitol. O OE de M. spicata foi obtido pelo processo de extração por destilação a vapor. Na análise fitoquímica desse óleo foi observada a presença de carvona com 84,32%, seguida pelo limoneno (13,70%) e traços de iso-dihidrocarvona (0,82%). Os resultados da análise da CIM variou entre 32 e 128 μg/mL. A CFM variou entre 64 e 1024 μg/mL. Na avaliação da ação de OE e da nistatina 100UI/mL, o antifúngico padrão apresentou o efeito fungicida a partir de 4 horas e para OE de M. spicata foi observado efeito fungistático na CIM, CIMX2 e CIMX4 frente às cepas avaliadas. O OE de M. spicata apresentou forte atividade antifúngica contra as cepas de C. guilliermondii, promovendo alterações micromorfológicas visíveis por microscopia óptica, nas concentrações testadas (CIM, CIMx2), resultado semelhante ao que se observou com a nistatina (100UI/mL). Na investigação do mecanismo de ação antifúngico foi constatado que houve alteração da CIM na presença de sorbitol, com elevação dos valores quatro vezes maior que a concentração inicial, o que indica que os componentes desse OE apresentam ação direta sobre a parede celular das leveduras. Conclui-se que o OE de Mentha spicata é um potencial agente terapêutico no tratamento de candidíase

Perfil periodontal de pacientes portadores de alterações endócrino-metabólicas

Objective- Convinced that periodontium, many times, can show alterations in human health, the aim of these studies was to investigate the periodontal situation in patients with endocrine-metabolic disorders such as, Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and acromegaly. Methods- Eight patients with Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome, 16 acromegalics, 30 hypothyroids, 30 hyperthyroids, and a control group with 35 patients were evaluated. Clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival bleeding index, gingival overgrowth and Index of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth were measured in each patient. All ethical aspects were rigidly observed, being the study conducted after its approval by the University of Fortaleza Research Ethics Committee. Results- The presence of periodontitis was marked in hyperthyroids and in patients with Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome. Hypothyroids showed not much presence of periodontitis, while all acromegalics presented absence of periodontitis. Conclusions- The protective effect of periodontitis in acromegalic patients is a new finding, whose mechanisms are not yet clear, but may be related to the anabolic effects of growth hormone. The presence of periodontitis in Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome may occur due the early onset of diabetes. In hyperthyroids, the high prevalence of periodontitis could be linked to thyroid hormones effects on bone, explaining also the minor prevalence in hypothyroids

Prevalência e fatores associados à dor em professores de educação física em academias de ginástica da cidade do Salvador-BA

Physical Education professionals are usually exposed to excessive physical workloads that evolve into painful symptomatology and muscle and bone disorders that originate from the work-related exercises. Purposo: The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with pain painful symptomatology in teachers in gymnastics academies. An analytical transversal cut study was performed involving 163 gymnastics teachers working in the main gyms in the city of Salvador-BA. For evaluation of pain, validated versions in Portuguese of the McGill Protocol and the Wisconsin Pain Inventory were used. For obtain results of descriptive statistical analysis of the collected data was performed, followed by TStudent, and Pearson and Spearman correlation tests to verify possible correlations between the presence of pain and other variables which were considered independent. Finally, for the identification of potential risk factors associated with pain, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. For all statistical analysis, we cnsidered p< 0.05. Results: The painful symptoms was reported by 88.3% of the subjects surveyed. High pain levels were observed in 63.8% of the interviewed professionals, where the intensity varied from moderate to severe. Pain in the lumbar region was present in 55.2% of subjects. Positive correlations were found between the level of pain intensity and the variables related with the workload activity and daily life of the teachers in almost all body joints analyzed. Some factors had been verified associates to the painful sintomatologia as the age of the professionals, the daily hours load of labor work, and the lack of interval of rest between the lessons. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence in gym teachers working in the city of Salvador-BA, which interfered in various daily activities of their home and professional lives. The most affected region was the lumbar region, followed by the knees, neck, shoulders, ankles, hands, hips, feet, elbows and forearms. The factors associated with development of painful symptomatology were the age of the professionals, daily hours of work and the lack of rest intervals between lessons. The high prevalence of pain in Physical Education teachers can be regarded as a serious occupational health problem, which would demand the urgent deployment of preventive intervention programs to minimize the impact of pain among these professionals

A influência do sorriso gengival no vedamentos labial

Ideally the smile should expose minimal gingival, therefore patients with gummy smile and passive eruption altered or excessive marginal gingivae, usually excessive gingival display because incomplete anatomical crown exposure is present. If the maxillary incisor show at rest is optimal, active upper incisor intrusion should not be iniciated. To achieve a smile with minimal gingival exposure, the anatomic crown should be fully exposed by surgical crown lengthening. Precise determination of the location of cementoenamel junction prior to surgery, precise placement of incisions and correct establish of biological width are necessary in order to achive this goal. One protocol is decribed and clinical results from 15 brazilian subjects, after three years post surgery are showed

Aptidão física e psicológica relacionada à saúde de policiais militares da cidade de Natal

condições de saúde são questões que precisam ser investigadas na nossa sociedade. Diante da inexistência de estudos que abordem os aspectos psicológicos e físicos desses profissionais, tornou-se necessário e relevante esta investigação para a área de segurança pública num contexto multidisciplinar. O estudo objetivou verificar as características da aptidão física e psicológica relacionada à saúde de policiais militares do Batalhão de Atividades Policiais Especiais (BOPE), da Polícia Militar do Rio Grande do Norte. A amostra selecionada de forma aleatória foi composta de 64 militares de diferentes graduações, do sexo masculino com idade média de 26,2±2,6 anos. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida o Questionário de Saúde Geral de Goldberg para avaliar a saúde geral; uma balança digital da marca Techline®, e estadiômetro portátil da marca Sanny® para avaliar a massa corporal e a estatura; fita antropométrica metálica Sanny® para avaliar a perimetria (circunferência do braço contraído, circunferência da panturrilha); paquímetro Sanny® para avaliar os diâmetros ósseos (bi-epicondilar umeral e bi-epicodilar femural); adipômetro Harpender® para avaliar a espessura das dobras cutâneas; dinamômetro manual Jamar para avaliar a força de preensão manual; flexímetro Sanny®, fotocélulas CEFISE modelo Speed Test Fit e o YoYo Intermitent Recovery Test para avaliar o desempenho físico ( flexibilidade, agilidade, velocidade e endurance anaeróbica). Os participantes apresentaram valores elevados para risco de distúrbio ou mesmo a presença de distúrbio, no que se refere à saúde geral; o grupo estudado é classificado como mesoendomorfico, predominando características de endurance aeróbico e anaeróbico e força que foram relacionadas com os aspectos psicológicos. O perfil somatotípico meso-endomorfo parece interferir nos elevados riscos de distúrbios psicológicos advindos da atividade laboral exigida, apesar dos mesmos apresentarem um bom desempenho físico

Análise do vetor de impedância bioelétrico na avaliação da suplementação de zinco em crianças prepuberais e sadias

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Identificação e caracterização de genes vip e cry coleóptero-específicos em isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar os genes cry3, vip1, vip2 e vip1/vip2 em uma coleção de 1.078 isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis potencialmente tóxicos para larvas de coleópteros. Foram utilizados pares de oligonucleotídeos iniciadores gerais obtidos a partir de regiões conservadas dos genes e do alinhamento de sequências consenso. Posteriormente, os isolados positivos foram caracterizados por meio da técnica de PCR‑RFLP, tendo-se utilizado enzimas de restrição específicas, para identificar novas subclasses de genes nos isolados. Cento e cinquenta e um isolados foram positivos para os genes avaliados, com maior frequência para o gene vip1/vip2 (139 isolados). Pela técnica de PCR‑RFLP, foram observados 14 perfis polimórficos, o que indica a presença de diferentes alelos e, consequentemente, de distintas subclasses desses genes.

Avaliação dos efeitos de um extrato bruto de cianobactérias contendo microcistinas sobre o desempenho reprodutivo e a embriofetotoxicidade de ratos

The presence of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs intended for supply to the population can create public health problems for many species could produce potentially toxic compounds and these are not eliminated in the conventional procedures used in water treatment plants. So even in amounts less than the maximum allowable limit imposed by MS, cyanotoxins can be present in drinking water distributed to the population, creating a chronic exposure. There is little information about the long-term effects of oral exposure to cyanotoxins. This work aimed to show the exposure orally (v.o) of animals to a crude extract of cyanobacteria containing cyanotoxins to evaluate the reproductive performance of pregnant rats and their offspring and fertility of male rats. The presence of microcystins (MCs) in samples collected during the flowering processes in freshwater reservoirs in the Rio Grande do Norte, was analyzed by enzyme immunoassay and its variants have been identified and quantified by chromatographic methods. It was observed that by administration v.o. cyanobacterial extract containing MCs (40, 100 or 250 ng of MCs / kg / day) did not cause systemic toxicity in adult rats or effect on reproductive performance of male and female rats treated. It was also not observed any changes in skeletal study in the offspring of pregnant rats treated with the extract above. Because the solutions used contained MCs in a concentration equal to or greater than the tolerable daily intake for MCs, the results suggest, therefore, that the development of this work contributed to better assess public health risk as the oral exposure to cyanotoxins, increasing thus the credibility of the maximum allowable limit (LMP) of MCs in drinking water distributed to the population of several countries that use the LMP established by WHO in its legislation

Extração, caracterização e atividades biológicas de proteínas da espécie cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur

The extraction, chemical and structural characterization of a wide variety of compounds derived from plants has been a major source of bioactive molecules. Several proteases have been isolated in the plant kingdom, with numerous pharmacological and biotechnological applications. Among the proteases isolated from plants, are the fibrinogenolytic, with relevant application in the treatment of disorders in the coagulation cascade, in addition to potential use as a tool in clinical laboratories. In this study, in addition to evaluating the effects of the protein extract of Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur (Euphorbiaceae) in the coagulation cascade also investigates the presence of antimicrobial activity and characterizes the proteolytic activity detected in this extract, aiming to determine their potential pharmacological and biotechnological application. In this way, crude protein extracts obtained from the leaves of C. urens in Tris-HCl 0.05M, NaCl 0.15M, pH 7.5, were precipitated in different concentrations of acetone, and assessed for the presence of proteolytic activity in azocaseína and fibrinogen. The most active fraction (F1.0) in these tests was chosen for assessment of biological activity and biochemical characterization. The Aα chain and Bβ of fibrinogen were completely cleaved at a concentration of 0.18 μg/μL of protein fraction in 4 minutes. Fibrinogenolytic activity presented total inhibition in the presence of E-64 and partial in the presence of EDTA. The fraction demonstrated coagulant activity in plasm and reduced the APTT, demonstrating acting on the factors coagulation of the intrinsic pathway and common, not exerting effects on the PT. Fibrinolytic activity on plasma clot was detected only in SDS-PAGE in high concentrations of fraction, and there were no defibrinating. Although several proteases isolated from plants and venomous animals are classically toxic, the fraction F1.0 of C. urens not expressed hemorrhagic nor hemolytic activities. Fraction F1.0 also showed no antimicrobial activity. In proteolytic activity on the azocasein, the optimal pH was 5.0 and optimum temperature of 60ºC. The enzyme activity has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of salts tested, with inhibition for all compounds. The surfactant triton did not influence the enzyme activity, but the tween-20 and SDS inhibited the activity. In the presence of reducing agents increase in enzyme activity occurred, a typical feature of enzymes belonging to the class of cysteine proteases. Several bands with proteolytic activity were detected in zymogram, in the region of high-molecular-weight, which were inhibited by E-64. In this study, we found that C. urens presents in its constitution cysteine proteases with fibrinogenolytic and procoagulant activity, which may be isolated, with potential application in treatment of bleeding disorders, thrombolytic and clinical laboratory

Mobilidade do sulfentrazone em Nitossolo Vermelho e em Neossolo Quartzarênico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a mobilidade do herbicida sulfentrazone em duas classes de solos (Nitossolo Vermelho e Neossolo Quartzarênico), em função de índices pluviométricos crescentes, sendo, portanto, influenciado pelas propriedades químicas e físicas dos solos com diferentes teores de ferro. em tubos de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento, preenchidos com os solos e saturados com água a 65% (p/p), foi aplicado o sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1). Na seqüência, foram simuladas chuvas diárias de 10 mm até atingir os índices pluviométricos de 30, 60 e 90 mm. Os tubos de PVC foram então desmontados - semeando-se Sorghum bicolor nas profundidades correspondentes de 2,5; 7,5; 12,5; 17,5; 22,5; e 30,0 cm da superfície do tubo - e mantidos em casa de vegetação por 15 dias, para avaliação da germinação e do crescimento inicial das plântulas. No final do experimento foram avaliadas as alterações morfofisiológicas que caracterizavam os efeitos tóxicos do produto, além de se medir o comprimento da parte aérea até a última lígula visível e a fitomassa seca das plantas. Quando sob precipitação de 90 mm no Neossolo Quartzarênico, o sulfentrazone formou uma banda de arraste de até 12,5 cm e, no Nitossolo Vermelho, até os 7,5 cm.

Methodology for fast evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein content

O desenvolvimento da produção e uso do Bacillus thuringiensis no Brasil em escala comercial enfrenta certas dificuldades, entre elas o estabelecimento de metodologias para a quantificação de produtos tóxicos a serem comercializados. Atualmente, a quantidade de toxinas é expressa como porcentagem do total de proteínas presentes em amostras em consideração. Tal metodologia, entretanto, não mede a quantidade real de uma determinada proteína presente em um produto qualquer, além do fato de diferentes linhagens bacterianas possuírem diferentes genes codificadores para endotoxinas e mesmo para b-toxina. Desde que os diferentes tipos de toxinas apresentam diferentes características antigências, este trabalho tem como objetivo a utilização de técnicas imunológicas para quantificar específicamente o conteúdo de proteína cristal presente em diferentes amostras. A proteína cristal produzida pela subespécie B. thuringiensis var. israelensis foi purificada por ultracentrifugação e utilizada para imunizar coelhas e produzir soros hiperimunes. Tais soros foram posteriormente usados para avaliar o nível de proteína cristal em bioinseticidas comerciais e em culturas de laboratório desta bactéria utilizando-se a técnica do imunodot. Os resultados foram obtidos por comparação de reações com concentrações conhecidas de proteína cristal permitindo assim avaliar com segurança os níveis desta proteína em várias preparações.

Mobilidade do sulfentrazone em latossolo vermelho e em chernossolo

Este trabalho objetivou determinar a mobilidade do sulfentrazone em duas classes de solos em função de índices pluviométricos, bem como possíveis influências das propriedades químicas e físicas de Latossolo Vermelho e Chernossolo com diferentes teores de ferro na ação do herbicida. Foram utilizados como recipientes 36 tubos de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento. Os recipientes foram preenchidos com os solos e umedecidos a 65% (p/p) da capacidade de saturação, quando se fez a aplicação do sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1 de i.a.) na área exposta dos solos. Na seqüência, foram simuladas chuvas diárias de 10 mm até atingir o índice pluviométrico desejado (30, 60 e 90 mm), sendo, posteriormente, desmontados seis tubos de cada solo (com e sem aplicação). Foram semeadas cinco sementes de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) nas profundidades de 2,5; 7,5; 12,5; 17,5; 22,5; e 30,0 cm, mantidas em casa de vegetação por 15 dias para avaliação da germinação e do crescimento inicial. Decorrido esse tempo, foi realizada avaliação de possíveis alterações morfofisiológicas que pudessem ser caracterizadas como efeitos tóxicos do produto e mediu-se o comprimento da parte aérea até a última lígula visível. As partes aéreas foram secas em estufa com circulação forçada de ar (70 ºC por 96 horas), para obtenção de matéria seca. No Chernossolo ocorreu uniformidade da distribuição do produto ao longo do tubo, proporcional à precipitação, e no Latossolo Vermelho o sulfentrazone foi pouco móvel, permanecendo na camada superficial, independentemente da precipitação.