Series enlazadas de empleo y VAB para España, 1955-2010 (RegDat_Nac versión 3.1)

En este trabajo se elaboran series homogéneas de distintos agregados de empleo y de VAB a precios corrientes y constantes para el conjunto de España durante el período 1955-2010. Las series se construyen mediante el enlace de diversas bases de la CNE y de la Contabilidad Trimestral, introduciéndose también una corrección tentativa para reconciliar las series de empleo de la CNE con las de la EPA.

The administration of atomoxetine during alcohol deprivation induces a time-limited increase in alcohol consumption after relapse.

The administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) typically used as antidepressants increases alcohol consumption after an alcohol deprivation period in rats. However, the appearance of this effect after the treatment with selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) has not been studied. In the present work we examined the effects of a 15-d treatment with the SNRI atomoxetine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) in male rats trained to drink alcohol solutions in a 4-bottle choice test. The treatment with atomoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during an alcohol deprivation period increased alcohol consumption after relapse. This effect only lasted one week, disappearing thereafter. Treatment with atomoxetine did not cause a behavioral sensitized response to a challenge dose of amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), indicating the absence of a supersensitive dopaminergic transmission. This effect is markedly different from that of SSRI antidepressants that produced both long-lasting increases in alcohol consumption and behavioral sensitization. Clinical implications are discussed.

El Mito alemán: anexo de datos y cálculos

En esta nota se recopilan los datos utilizados en el artículo de opinión titulado "El mito alemán" y se describen en detalle los cálculos que allí se resumen sobre la financiación relativa de algunas regiones alemanas y españolas y sobre la parte de los saldos fiscales de las mismas que está ligada directamente al sistema de financiación regional.

Manual para la evaluación del impacto en salud de proyectos sometidos a instrumentos de prevención y control ambiental en Andalucía

Este Manual se complementa con los siguientes documentos de apoyo: 1. Actuaciones y requerimientos (Lista de actuaciones con indicación de los requerimientos que deben cumplir respecto a la EIS); 3. Indicadores (Batería de indicadores y estándares para la evaluación y la relevancia de los impactos); y 4. Análisis en profundidad (Resumen de las etapas de una evaluación de riesgos). Publicado en la página Web de la Consejería de Salud : www.juntadeandalucia.es/salud (Ciudadanía / Nuestra Salud / Evaluación de impacto en salud)

Colorectal Cancer Classification and Cell Heterogeneity: A Systems Oncology Approach.

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that manifests through diverse clinical scenarios. During many years, our knowledge about the variability of colorectal tumors was limited to the histopathological analysis from which generic classifications associated with different clinical expectations are derived. However, currently we are beginning to understand that under the intense pathological and clinical variability of these tumors there underlies strong genetic and biological heterogeneity. Thus, with the increasing available information of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, the classical pathological approach is being displaced in favor of novel molecular classifications. In the present article, we summarize the most relevant proposals of molecular classifications obtained from the analysis of colorectal tumors using powerful high throughput techniques and devices. We also discuss the role that cancer systems biology may play in the integration and interpretation of the high amount of data generated and the challenges to be addressed in the future development of precision oncology. In addition, we review the current state of implementation of these novel tools in the pathological laboratory and in clinical practice.

II Cumbre UE-ALC: un encuentro sin estrategia

El proceso de asociación estratégica birregional entre la Unión Europea y América Latina y el Caribe es un ejemplo claro de un intento de cooperación encuadrado en la óptica del neoliberalismo institucional, tanto en su forma –el establecimiento de un mecanismo de acercamiento entre dos regiones del mundo- como en su contenido, manifiesto en el amplio y variado temario plasmado en los acuerdos del Compromiso de Madrid. Sin embargo, si se abordan los resultados del encuentro desde esta misma óptica encontramos que en la Cumbre se desaprovechó una oportunidad de afianzar las relaciones entre ambas regiones, poniendo en riesgo el soft power que ejerce la UE respecto a ALC, a raíz de la decepción de las administraciones latinoamericanas en función de la satisfacción de sus demandas, que ha sido baja.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of lanreotide in combination with targeted therapies in patients with neuroendocrine tumours in clinical practice: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND Based on the mechanism of action, combining somatostatin analogues (SSAs) with mTOR inhibitors or antiangiogenic agents may provide synergistic effects for the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Herein, we investigate the use of these treatment combinations in clinical practice. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients with NETs treated with the SSA lanreotide and targeted therapies at 35 Spanish hospitals evaluated the efficacy and safety of lanreotide treatment combinations in clinical practice. The data of 159 treatment combinations with lanreotide in 133 patients was retrospectively collected. RESULTS Of the 133 patients, with a median age of 59.4 (16-83) years, 70 (52.6 %) patients were male, 64 (48.1 %) had pancreatic NET, 23 (17.3 %) had ECOG PS ≥2, 41 (30.8 %) had functioning tumours, 63 (47.7 %) underwent surgery of the primary tumour, 45 (33.8 %) had received prior chemotherapy, and 115 (86.5 %) had received prior SSAs. 115 patients received 1 lanreotide treatment combination and 18 patients received between 2 and 5 combinations. Lanreotide was mainly administered in combination with everolimus (73 combinations) or sunitinib (61 combinations). The probability of being progression-free was 78.5 % (6 months), 68.6 % (12 months) and 57.0 % (18 months) for patients who only received everolimus plus lanreotide (n = 57) and 89.3 % (6 months), 73.0 % (12 months), and 67.4 % (18 months) for patients who only received sunitinib and lanreotide (n = 50). In patients who only received everolimus plus lanreotide the median time-to-progression from the initiation of lanreotide combination treatment was 25.8 months (95 % CI, 11.3, 40.3) and it had not yet been reached among the subgroup of patients only receiving sunitinib plus lanreotide. The safety profile of the combination treatment was comparable to that of the targeted agent alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of lanreotide and targeted therapies, mainly everolimus and sunitinib, is widely used in clinical practice without unexpected toxicities and suggests efficacy that should be explored in randomized prospective clinical trials.

Analysis of factors influencing telephone call response rate in an epidemiological study.

Descriptive epidemiology research involves collecting data from large numbers of subjects. Obtaining these data requires approaches designed to achieve maximum participation or response rates among respondents possessing the desired information. We analyze participation and response rates in a population-based epidemiological study though a telephone survey and identify factors implicated in consenting to participate. Rates found exceeded those reported in the literature and they were higher for afternoon calls than for morning calls. Women and subjects older than 40 years were the most likely to answer the telephone. The study identified geographical differences, with higher RRs in districts in southern Spain that are not considered urbanized. This information may be helpful for designing more efficient community epidemiology projects.

The Common Strategy on the Mediterranean Region: Evidence and Analysis

The present working paper aims at assessing the Common Strategy on the Mediterranean, taking into account its possible articulation as a coherent instrument of the European Foreign Policy. The study wants to answer some questions related to this instrument. The Common Strategy on the Mediterranean is an excellent case study and is a potential source of several questions about the external action of the European Union. Specifically, the present study has in mind two main questions to answer. Firstly, which are the main reasons behind the adoption of this instrument of the European Foreign Policy? In other words, which was/is the rationale for the existence of this Common Strategy? Secondly, which is the real impact of the Common Strategy? Which are its real achievements?

The Coherence of the European Foreign Policy: A Real Barrier or an Academic Term?

The purpose of the present study is to break down, in a general and summarised way, the concept of the coherence of the European Foreign Policy, in order to analyse its meaning, its scope and its implications. This focus on coherence will be specifically dealt with upon the analysis of the impact of this phenomenon on single institutional framework, as defined by the Treaty on European Union.

Entre la irrelevancia internacional y el aprendizaje institucional: La Presidencia Española de la Unión Europea (2010)

El presente volumen es una nueva contribución del Observatorio de Política Exterior Europea (Obs) al análisis de la interacción entre la política exterior española y la acción exterior de la Unión Europea. En esta ocasión, el lector se encuentra frente a un ejercicio de balance de la Presidencia española de la Unión Europea del primer semestre de 2010, una presidencia única, que sus mismos protagonistas han definido como presidencia de transición. Una transición entre el viejo y el nuevo modelo, impuesto por el Tratado de Lisboa, que entró en vigor poco antes del inicio de la presidencia rotatoria de España. El volumen se compone de más de 20 capítulos, que abordan de manera sistematizada y sucinta los temas fundamentales para entender cuál ha sido el cometido de España a la hora de gestionar el papel de Europa en el mundo. El Obs ya ha realizado este tipo de ejercicio en tres ocasiones desde 2002. De ahí que este “Entre la irrelevancia internacional y el aprendizaje institucional: La presidencia española de la Unión Europea (2010)” deba ser entendido como un balance de la presidencia española al frente de la agenda exterior de la UE, pero también como un referente para los estudiosos de la política europea de España, por un lado, o de la acción exterior de la UE, por el otro, que se suma a la línea de análisis seguida por el Obs a lo largo de casi una década de trabajo.

Spain in Europe 2004-2008

In March of 2004, the Observatory of European Foreign Policy published a special monograph about Spain in Europe (1996-2004) in digital format. The objective of the monograph was to analyse Spain’s foreign policy agenda and strategy during the period of José María Aznar’s presidency. As the title suggests, one of the initial suppositions of the analysis is the Europeanization of Spanish foreign activities. Is that how it was? Did Aznar’s Spain see the world and relate to it through Brussels? The publication was well received, considering the number of visits received and above all the institutions which asked to link the publication to their web pages. Among these, the EUobserver published the introduction to the piece in English titled Aznar: thinking locally, acting in Europe (described by the EUobserver as a paper of utmost importance). The fact that the elections were held three days after the tragic events of the 11th of March dramatically increased interest in Spain and the implications for Europe. This publication is the second of its type, in this case analysing the period of the Zapatero government (2004-2008). Once again the starting premise (the Europeanization of the agenda and the methods employed) has been considered by the analysts. And once again the articles collected in this publication serve to “triangulate” the analysis. Spain and Europe are two vertices (more or less distant, in essence and in form) which the authors handle in their analysis of the case (third vertex).

España en Europa 2004-2008

En marzo de 2004 el Observatorio de Política Exterior Europea publicó, en versión digital, un monográfico especial sobre España en Europa (1996-2004). Su objetivo era analizar la agenda y la estrategia de España durante el período de José María Aznar en materia de relaciones internacionales. Como bien indicaba el título de aquella publicación, uno de los supuestos de partida del análisis era la europeización de la actividad internacional de España. ¿Era así?, ¿la España de Aznar veía el mundo y se aproximaba a él a través de Bruselas? Aquella publicación tuvo una buena acogida, a la vista de las visitas recibidas y sobre todo de las instituciones que nos pidieron vincular dicha publicación a sus páginas web y, entre ellas, hay que destacar que EUObserver publicó como comentario su artículo introductorio, en versión inglesa, Aznar: thinking locally, acting in Europe (calificado por EUObserver como lectura de máxima relevancia). El hecho de que las elecciones de 2004 se celebraran tres días después de los trágicos acontecimientos del 11-M hizo que el interés por España y por su proyección europea e internacional aumentara de manera destacada. La presente publicación constituye un segundo ejercicio de dicho tipo, en este caso para analizar el período del gobierno Zapatero (2004-2008). Una vez más, el supuesto de partida (la europeización de la agenda y del método) está en la mente de los analistas. Y una vez más los artículos recogidos en esta publicación hacen el ejercicio de “triangular” el análisis. España y Europa son dos vértices (más o menos alejados, en el fondo y en la forma) que los autores manejan en sus análisis de caso (tercer vértice)

España en Europa 1996-2004

Pensar globalmente, actuar localmente” es un slogan imprescindible en el discurso político de nuestros días. Pues bien, la práctica política, en materia de Unión Europea, de los dos gobiernos del Partido Popular, presididos por José María Aznar (1996-2004), nos permite acuñar un slogan de signo bien diferente: “pensar localmente, actuar en Europa”. En efecto, si algo caracteriza a estos ocho años de práctica política de José María Aznar es haber convertido sus preocupaciones domésticas en factor exclusivo de su estrategia europea, con independencia del contexto de cada momento y de la necesidad de encajar objetivos nacionales con objetivos europeos. De ahí que sea lógico que la campaña electoral que ha precedido a las elecciones generales del 14 de marzo no haya recogido ninguno de los temas que dominan en la agenda de la UE en el momento actual. Ni la ampliación, ni la Constitución, ni tampoco el proceso de conformación de un núcleo duro tienen cabida en el debate político españo

Spain in Europe 1996-2004

“Thinking globally, acting locally" is an essential slogan in the current political discourse. Yet, in view of the policies on the European Union carried out by the two governments of the People’s Party (PP) headed by José María Aznar between 1996 and 2004, we could coin a quite different slogan: "thinking locally, acting in Europe". Indeed, José María Aznar’s policy-making during the last eight years has been characterised by turning his domestic concerns into the ‘exclusive factor’ of his European strategy, regardless of the context and the need for fitting in national objectives with Europeans’. Hence, it was natural that the electoral campaign preceding the general elections held on Sunday, 14 March, did not deal with any of the topics prevailing in the EU’s current agenda. Neither enlargement nor the Constitution, nor the process of shaping a core group within the EU, seem to have room in Spain’s political debate...