Occurrence of dolichocolon without megacolon in chronic Chagas disease patients

INTRODUCTION: Since 1970, lengthening of the rectosigmoid has been suspected to be a solitary manifestation of Chagas colopathy. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, opaque enema was administered on 210 seropositive and 63 seronegative patients, and radiographs in the anteroposterior and posteroanterior positions were examined blind to the serological and clinical findings. The distal colon was measured using a flexible ruler along the central axis of the image from the anus to the iliac crest. RESULTS: Dolichocolon was diagnosed in 31 (14.8%) seropositive and 3 (4.8%) seronegative patients. The mean length was 57.2 (±12.2)cm in seropositive patients and 52.1 (±8.8)cm in the seronegative patients (p = 0.000), that is, the distal colon in Chagas patients was, on average, 5.1cm longer. Seropositive female patients presented a mean length of 58.8 (±12.3)cm, and seronegative female patients presented 53.2 (±9.1)cm (p = 0.002). Seropositive male patients had a mean length of 55 (±11.6)cm, and seronegative male patients had 49.9 (±7.8)cm (p = 0.02). Among 191 patients without megacolon and suspected megacolon, the mean length was 56.3 (±11.6)cm in seropositive individuals and 52 (±8.8)cm in seronegative patients (p = 0.003). Among individuals with distal colon >70cm, there were 31 Chagas patients with mean length of 77.9 (±7.1)cm and three seronegative with 71.3 (±1.1)cm (p = 0.000). Among 179 with distal colon <70cm, seropositive individuals had a mean length of 53.6 (±8.8)cm, and seronegative patients had 51.2 (±7.8)cm (p = 0.059). Serological positive women had longer distal colon than men (p = 0.02), whereas the mean length were the same among seronegative individuals (p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In endemic areas of Brazil Central, solitary dolichocolon is a radiological Chagas disease signal.

Strategic design of There App’s business model: From product to multi-sided platform

The following work project illustrates the strategic issues There App, a mobile application, faces regarding the opportunity to expand from its current state as a product to a multisided platform. Initially, a market analysis is performed to identify the ideal customer groups to be integrated in the platform. Strategic design issues are then discussed on how to best match its value proposition with the identified market opportunity. Suggestions on how the company should organize its resources and operational processes to best deliver on its value proposition complete the work.

The role of humor in television advertisement: A study regarding Portuguese consumers’ emotions and reactions

The purpose of this study is to explore the humorous side of television advertisement and its impact on Portuguese consumers’ hearts, minds and wallets. Both qualitative (through in-depth interviews) and quantitative (through an on-line survey and subsequent statistical data analysis) methods were used, guaranteeing a more consistent, strong and valid research. Twenty-five interviews with randomly chosen consumers were conducted face-to-face and three interviews via e-mail with marketers and television advertisers were performed in order to explore profoundly the subject. Moreover, 360 people have answered the on-line survey. Through the analysis of the data collected humor perception was found to be positively correlated with persuasion and intention to purchase the product; intention to share the advert; message comprehension; product liking and development of positive feelings towards the brand and brand credibility variables. The main implication of these findings relies on the fact that humor in advertising is able to boost its effectiveness.

Length and caliber of the rectosigmoid colon among patients with Chagas disease and controls from areas at different altitudes

Introduction In this study, we investigated radiological changes in the sigmoid colon in chagasic patients by comparing their colon lengths and caliber with those of non-chagasic living in the same region and non-chagasic living at high altitudes. Methods A total of 317 individuals were evaluated using clinical, serological and radiological methods and divided into three groups: 1) one hundred and nine non-chagasic individuals from Uberaba, Brazil; 2) sixty-one non-chagasic from Puno, Peru; 3) one hundred forty-seven chagasics examined in Uberaba, being 62 without megacolon (3A), 72 with megacolon (3B) and 13 with doubtful diagnosis of megacolon (3C). Results In group 2, the sigmoid colon had a significantly larger caliber (p=0.001) and the rectosigmoid colon was longer (p<0.001) than group 1. In subgroup 3A, the sigmoid colon (p<0.001) and rectum (p<0.001) had a significantly larger caliber and the rectosigmoid was longer (p<0.001) than that of the non-chagasic individuals. In subgroup 3B, the rectosigmoid was longer in all patients, and the caliber of the sigmoid was significantly larger than that of subjects in subgroups 3A and 3C (p<0.001). Conclusions Morphometric analysis confirms that Chagas disease may increase the caliber and length of the rectosigmoid. Our results suggest that altitude, ethnicity and diet may have influenced the size and length of the rectosigmoid of andean patients.

High similarity of Trypanosoma cruzikDNA genetic profiles detected by LSSP-PCR within family groups in an endemic area of Chagas disease in Brazil

IntroductionDetermining the genetic similarities among Trypanosoma cruzi populations isolated from different hosts and vectors is very important to clarify the epidemiology of Chagas disease.MethodsAn epidemiological study was conducted in a Brazilian endemic area for Chagas disease, including 76 chronic chagasic individuals (96.1% with an indeterminate form; 46.1% with positive hemoculture).ResultsT. cruzi I (TcI) was isolated from one child and TcII was found in the remaining (97.1%) subjects. Low-stringency single-specific-primer-polymerase chain reaction (LSSP-PCR) showed high heterogeneity among TcII populations (46% of shared bands); however, high similarities (80-100%) among pairs of mothers/children, siblings, or cousins were detected.ConclusionsLSSP-PCR showed potential for identifying similar parasite populations among individuals with close kinship in epidemiological studies of Chagas disease.

A equidade na indeminização dos danos não patrimoniais

This study examines the quantification of compensation for non-pecuniary damage, awarded by means of judicial decisions based on equity, and seeks to verify whether such calculation safeguards legal certainty and predictability when applying the law, as well as whether it observes the principles of proportionality and equality. Firstly, the limits for discretionary judgment permitted to the judge were determined, by evaluating the criteria established under the law. Then, by examining the grounds of the judicial decisions in cases that had been selected beforehand, this study sought to detect operation modes in concrete considerations of equity used by judges. The examination of the grounds on which these judicial decisions are based permitted the comprehension of the calculation method used in each case and the observation that the criteria of compensatory nature, such as the extent of the damage and the respective consequences, assumed a primary role. Despite discrepancies in viewpoints with regard to certain issues of law, the jurisprudence examined reveals that great care is taken to consider the solutions reached in similar cases, in an attempt to ensure that the different criteria applied in the quantification of compensation are given uniform relevance. The comparison of decisions, reported to cases with similar legal contours, did not reveal relevant discrepancies in the calculation criteria used, nor are they disproportionate regarding the amount of compensation awarded, which means that resorting to equity, in determining the compensation to be awarded due to nonpecuniary damage, does not jeopardize legal certainty or predictability when applying the law, and observes the principle of proportionality, which is anchored in the constitutional principle of equality. The study performed, led to the conclusion that the grounds on which judicial decisions are based, by itemising the elements which are taken into account and the criteria adopted by the judge, allow these to be taken into consideration in similar cases, contributing towards uniform interpretation and application of the law, ensuring legal certainty and predictability when resorting to equity while quantifying compensation.

Modelação estocástica do depósito mineral do Zambujal (Mina de Neves-Corvo): contribuição da densidade como indicador morfológico

Este estudo tem como objetivo construir um modelo estocástico de alta resolução da morfologia e dos teores em metal, do depósito mineral do Zambujal, Mina de Neves-Corvo. O depósito do Zambujal é um corpo vulcanogénico que se localiza no setor Português, na parte mais a Sul da Faixa Piritosa Ibérica, com sulfuretos maciços no topo e fissurais na base. Para construir um modelo estocástico deste depósito, onde os teores em metal evidenciam zonamento, é importante ter em conta a proporção local de sulfuretos na matriz rochosa. Como esta variável não é quantificada em laboratório, propõe-se a utilização da densidade das amostras como um indicador indireto da proporção de minérios na matriz rochosa. Conhecida esta variável, a modelação dos teores em metal pode ser feita para os chamados teores relativos (teores em metal na fração de sulfuretos). As principais etapas da metodologia proposta são: (a) para cada amostra analisada no laboratório, estimação de soluções para a variável proporção de sulfuretos na matriz rochosa ????(????), tendo em conta a paragénese principal do depósito, os teores e a densidade da rocha; (b) construção de um modelo morfológico 3D de baixa resolução com duas regiões, minérios maciços e minérios fissurais, por digitalização de limites em perfis, interpolação de superfícies e conversão para o modelo de blocos do depósito; (c) construção de um modelo morfológico 3D de alta resolução para todo o depósito da variável ????(????) por Simulação Sequencial Direta (SSD), tendo como informação condicionante os histogramas regionais de ????(????) para minérios maciços e minérios fissurais e as soluções obtidas em (a) para ????(????) na localização das sondagens; (d) SSD dos teores relativos em cobre, zinco e prata; (e) discussão dos resultados e quantificação de recursos. Os resultados foram validados por comparação com os equivalentes obtidos numa estimação por krigagem normal dos teores em metal e mostraram ser da mesma ordem de grandeza. O conjunto de imagens simuladas das variáveis ????(????) e teores permite quantificar a incerteza do conhecimento do depósito relativamente à informação disponível.

Um fragmento da Casa dos Contos e o seu contributo para a história monetária

O presente artigo interpreta e publica um importante fragmento documental, atribuível a finais do século XIV. O fragmento, que parece resultar de uma tomada de contas, contém informações sobre a prata utilizada para cunhar um tipo de moeda até agora desconhecida: o pelado. A data desta cunhagem, o seu contexto político e fiscal, bem como o principal interveniente são identificados neste artigo.

Encomenda, uso e coleccionismo de ourivesaria no século XVIII: a Mantearia da Casa de Aveiro em 1752

Neste artigo procuramos analisar a Mantearia da Casa de Aveiro em 1752. Através do inventário mandado realizar pelo 8.º Duque de Aveiro, logo no seu primeiro ano à frente da casa, permite‑se reflectir sobre a importação de obras de luxo dos grandes centros produtores da Europa para Portugal, ao longo do século XVIII: Augsburgo, Roma, Londres e Paris. As obras em prata pertencentes ao Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, tomadas pela Casa Real na sequência do “processo dos Távoras” em 1759, apenas foram encomendadas após a realização deste inventário. Todavia podemos aferir a grande importância da Mantearia dos Duques de Aveiro, pela importância das obras de aparato, de que destacamos o conjunto de centros de mesa, e pelo coleccionismo de ourivesaria antiga, nomeadamente do período da renascença, que gozou de grande prestígio no Portugal de setecentos.

A matemática e a narrativa - reflexos de afinidades históricas e epistemológicas: uma conceptualização pedagógica da matemática

Esta tese A Matemática e a Narrativa – Reflexos de Afinidades Históricas e Epistemológicas: Uma Conceptualização Pedagógica da Matemática trata de questões problemáticas relativamente à transmissão de conceitos em matemática. Primeiramente, a matemática, uma construção humana tanto na sua concepção como na sua evolução, não se apresenta imediatamente acessível e utilizável pela generalidade dos seres humanos. A sua utilização encontra-se caracteristicamente restrita a quem domine o formalismo simbólico. Relativamente a outras áreas científicas, tem emergido o desejo de comunicar, de forma clara, o conteúdo ideário dos seus respectivos domínios do conhecimento aos não especialistas. Não obstante tais esforços de comunicação terem vindo a ser concretizados com sucesso em várias áreas, o mesmo tem-se verificado com maior raridade na matemática, dada a dificuldade intrínseca de fornecer expressões rigorosas e simultaneamente acessíveis dos supracitados formalismos simbólicos. Em segundo lugar, os problemas pedagógicos contemporâneos, já patentes na Gazeta de Matemática, publicação que acompanhou grande parte do século XX em Portugal, centram-se na dificuldade de atrair os alunos para os desafios com os quais a matemática confronta o engenho humano. Consequentemente, a produção futura de conhecimento pode ressentir-se deste facto. Ao não pactuar com o cepticismo que envolve a tradução das ideias matemáticas para suportes não-formais, contestam-se as premissas dissonantes nas quais se fundamenta. Os modelos teóricos publicados por académicos contemporâneos atestam a pertinência de uma perspectiva inovadora neste domínio. Além disso, foram desenvolvidos instrumentos pedagógicos que melhoram a transmissão de conceitos matemáticos, indicando a importância educativa da narrativa, em particular. Tanto do ponto de vista conceptual, como da prática, o papel essencial do discurso oral (narrativa/conto oral) perante a transmissão do conhecimento matemático é cada vez mais enfatizado. É proposto, como uma abordagem inovadora à comunicação da matemática, explorar a narratividade para criar um currículo mais dinâmico. A utilização da oralidade torna-se um processo chave no ensino e na reflexão sobre o conhecimento matemático, dada a natureza híbrida (ultrapassando fronteiras) das práticas intelectuais contemporâneas.

Processos de degradação em manuscritos iluminados: estudo, conservação e restauro de um livro de horas do século XV do Palácio Nacional de Mafra

Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro. Especialização em documentos gráficos

Cryopreservation of Cell Sheets of Adipose Stem Cells: Limitations and Successes

Cell Sheets of hASCs (hASCs-CS) have been previously proposed for wound healing applications(1, 2) and despite the concern for production time reduction, the possibility of having these hASCs-CS off-the-shelf is appealing. The goal of this work was to define a cryopreservation methodology allowing to preserve cells viability and the properties CS matrix. hASCs-CS obtained from three different donors were created in UP-cell thermoresponsive dishes(Nunc, Germany) as previously reported(1,2). Different cryopreservation conditions were considered: i)FBS plus DMSO(5% and10%); ii)0.4M of Trehalose plus DMSO (5% and 10%); iii)cryosolution PLL (Akron Biotech, USA); and iv)vitrification. The cryopreservation effect was first assessed for cellular viability by flow cytometry using 7-AAD, and after dissociating the hASCs-CS with collagenase and trypsin-EDTA 0.25%. The expression (RT-PCR) and deposition (western blot and immunocytochemistry) of collagen type I, laminin and fibronectin, and the organization (TEM) of the extracellular matrix was further assessed before and after hASCs-CS cryopreservation to determine a potential effect of the method over matrix composition and integrity. The obtained results confirmed that cell viability is affected by the cryopreservation methodology, as shown before for different CS(3). Interestingly, the matrix properties were not significantly altered and the typical cell sheetâ s easiness of manipulation for transplantation was not lost.