Biografía inédita de Francisco de Quintana: recuperación de un novelista olvidado

Este artículo pretende desvelar datos inéditos de Francisco de Quintana, escritor del seiscientos escasamente estudiado por la crítica literaria hasta nuestros días. La investigación, a partir tanto de fuentes primarias como de su obra literaria, ha supuesto el hallazgo de información sustancial sobre este íntimo amigo de Lope de Vega. Además de aportar nuevos testimonios biográficos, esta comunicación interrelaciona acontecimientos fundamentales de su vida con su obra literaria.

Determinación de enfermedad renal en adultos entre las edades de 20 a 50 años que habitan en el caserío El Martillo, cantón San José, municipio de Jiquilisco, departamento de Usulután

La enfermedad renal, se produce cuando se da una falla en los riñones estos no son capaces de eliminar los residuos en forma adecuada, lo que produce acumulación de residuos y fluidos en el cuerpo; la cual está muy ligada a ciertos factores predisponentes como enfermedades que deterioran la función renal, entre ellas la diabetes y la hipertensión, así también como algunos antecedentes ocupaciones, alimenticios. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la presencia de enfermedad renal en adultos entre las edades de 20 a 50 años que habitan en el Caserío El Martillo, Cantón San José, Municipio de Jiquilisco, Departamento de Usulután. La metodología de la investigación es de tipo transversal, descriptivo, de campo y de laboratorio, de la cual se tiene una muestra de 97 adultos, realizándoles una entrevista previa, toma de presión arterial, medición del peso, pruebas de laboratorio en sangre para determinar niveles de creatinina, nitrógeno ureico, hemograma y examen general de orina que fueron procesados en el Hospital San Francisco de la ciudad San Miguel, se realizó la depuración de creatinina mediante la ecuación CKD-EPI la cual da a conocer la capacidad de filtración glomerular y de esa forma poder diferenciar el daño según sus estadios de enfermedad renal. Los resultados se encontró un 34% de enfermedad renal, entre las edades el 9.1% de 25 a 29 años, 15.2% de 30 a 34 años, 12.1% de 35 a 39 años, 27.3% de 40 a 44 años, de 45 a 50 años 36.3%, de los cuales el 33.3% realiza trabajos bajo el sol, el 32.7% trabaja en la agricultura, el 31.2% expresó haber tenido contacto con pesticidas, el 55.6% realizó trabajos de albañilería, el 63.3% con hábitos de tabaquismo, el 40.7% con alto consumo d sal y el 43.1% consumo de agua de pozo artesanal, un 45.2% presentó indicativo de infección de vías urinarias, el 42.3% es diabético y el 69.7% es hipertenso. Del porcentaje encontrado de enfermedad renal se obtuvieron: Estadio III 21(21.6%), Estadio IV 11(11.3%) y 1(1.1%) caso en Estadio V. Concluyendo: Lo cual estadísticamente se comprobó que el 34% de los adultos muestreados posee enfermedad renal que resultó mayor al 15% estimado según los propuestos por investigaciones cercanas al Cantón San José.

Propuesta de estrategias de comercialización para generar demanda de los productos elaborados por pan rey , en el cantón cara sucia del municipio de an Francisco Menéndez, Ahuachapán.

La empresa Pan Rey, S.A. de C.V., cuenta con una variedad de productos de pan dulce que distribuye en las zonas paracentral y occidental del país, principalmente a tiendas detallistas del área rural y urbana. Sin embargo el Gerente General de la empresa quiere cubrir el mercado mayorista, así como también penetrar y posicionarse en lugares en los cuales aún no tiene presencia; tal es el caso del Cantón Cara Sucia ubicado en el Municipio de San Francisco Menéndez. Por lo descrito anteriormente, se consideró de mucha importancia realizar una investigación que determinara la situación actual de la empresa en estudio en dicho lugar, cuyo objetivo principal es proporcionarle al Gerente General una herramienta que le ayude y oriente en la aplicación de estrategias de comercialización necesarias para la penetración y posicionamiento de los productos. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior se recopiló la información necesaria mediante cuestionarios dirigidos a los consumidores y a los propietarios de las tiendas del cantón Cara Sucia y una entrevista la Gerente General y jefe de Ventas de la empresa Pan Rey, S.A. de C.V. El tipo de investigación que se realizó para este estudio fue le descriptivo, ya que se buscó describir y especificar elementos, características importantes de los clientes de la competencia, intermediarios, factores internos y externos que afectan a la empresa, para dar una breve descripción de las situaciones que se presentan en el mercado al cual se quiere penetrar y posicionar. Obtenida la información se tabularon y analizaron los datos con el objeto de elaborar un diagnóstico sobre la situación actual de la empresa en mención. Tomando de base el diagnóstico se formularon las conclusiones de las cuales se pueden mencionar las más importantes: •La empresa no cuenta con un plan estratégico de mercadeo que le permita generar demanda a los productos en el mercado meta. •Pan Rey no cuenta con registros sanitarios exigidos por el Ministerio de Salud.•El posicionamiento de la marca en el mercado en estudio ocupa el tercer lugar, a pesar de no tener presencia con su fuerza de ventas. •La empresa ofrece una variedad de productos similares en forma, tamaño y precio a los de la competencia. •Los precios entre $ 0.12 y $ 0.25 centavos de dólar, son considerados accesibles por los consumidores Finalmente se desarrolló una propuesta de diseño de estrategias de comercialización con el objetivo de contribuir al posicionamiento y penetración de los productos elaborados por Pan Rey, considerando para ello el establecimiento de estrategias de producto, precio, plaza y promoción. Así mismo la creatividad e innovación para eldesarrollo de dicho plan.

BM: Manual de guías en ciencias naturales dirigida a los indígenas de los colegios de San Juan Bosco y María Auxiliadora del Amazonas

El presente trabajo pone de manifiesto que la etnoeducación parte del reconocimiento de la existencia de culturas diferentes , con características propias (idioma , valores, costumbres y formas de organización), que tienen derecho a ser valoradas y respetadas . A su vez, busca una construcción teórica que permite el acceso a una comprensión de la problemática educativa en general , de manera que se posibilite una forma alterna de educación , acorde con las necesidades e intereses de estos grupos . Además se proponen algunos elementos importantes para tener en cuenta , a fin de elaborar una estrategia didáctica de investigación , del profesor en el aula escolar ; de tal manera que propicie un aprendizaje significativo de las ciencias en general , pero en particular de la biología, de acuerdo a las necesidades prioritarias de las comunidades indígenas , generando una abundante investigación de las diferencias y dificultades existentes en el campo de las metodología que se emplean . De hecho . todas estas propuestas deben fundamentarse para que sean eficaces , sobre evaluaciones y revisiones históricas . Disponiendo para esto de la epistemología , la sociología y de la didáctica de las ciencias . Dentro de esta perspectivas ha venido surgiendo el concepto de etnoeducación , como una respuesta más viable ante la situación educativa existente , aun en muchas comunidades, donde los conocimientos son impuestos , violentando la integridad de las culturas indígenas . Por tales motivos se propone el diseño de las GUÍAS DE CIENCIAS NATURALES , DIRIGIDA A LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LOS COLEGIOS INDÍGENAS SAN JUAN BOSCO Y MARÍA AUXILIADORA (Leticia , Amazonas) , como una herramienta , la cual introduce algunas estrategias metodológicas , de acuerdo a los programas ya establecidos por los colegios , las necesidades del entorno social y las características regionales donde se encuentra la institución escolar , buscando que el alumno indígena construya a partir de su sable propio , común y científico afianzando principalmente su identidad cultural , que es lo que en últimas buscan las comunidades indígenas

Participación de gais y lesbianas en la esfera pública en Quibdó: de la fiesta de san pacho al reconocimiento estatal

Esta investigación busca analizar las distintas formas a través de las cuales las personas gais y lesbianas de Quibdó lograron una visibilización en la esfera pública de su ciudad. Este proceso será visto en diferentes escenarios. Primero, en la participación en espacios culturales como San Pacho, shows y reinados de belleza. Segundo, en el activismo realizado por la Fundación Ébano Diverso, que ha logrado abrir espacios de diálogo con instancias como la Alcaldía de Quibdó y la Gobernación del Chocó. Finalmente, se verá cómo la creación de tejidos familiares y afectivos está relacionada con su activismo y las formas distintas de visibilizarse.

How does ‘Newstainment’ actually work? : ethnographic research methods and contemporary popular news

Much debate has taken place recently over the potential for entertainment genres and unorthodox forms of news to provide legitimate – indeed democratized – in-roads into the public sphere. Amidst these discussions, however, little thought has been paid to the audiences for programs of this sort, and (even when viewers are considered) the research can too easily treat audiences in homogenous terms and therefore replicate the very dichotomies these television shows directly challenge. This paper is a critical reflection on an audience study into the Australian morning “newstainment” program Sunrise. After examining the show and exploring how it is ‘used’ as a news source, this paper will promote the use of ethnographic study to better conceptualize how citizens integrate and connect the increasingly fragmented and multifarious forms of postmodern political communication available in their everyday lives.

Creative design and the generative evolutionary paradigm

Design as seen from the designer's perspective is a series of amazing imaginative jumps or creative leaps. But design as seen by the design historian is a smooth progression or evolution of ideas that they seem self-evident and inevitable after the event. But the next step is anything but obvious for the artist/creator/inventor/designer stuck at that point just before the creative leap. They know where they have come from and have a general sense of where they are going, but often do not have a precise target or goal. This is why it is misleading to talk of design as a problem-solving activity - it is better defined as a problem-finding activity. This has been very frustrating for those trying to assist the design process with computer-based, problem-solving techniques. By the time the problem has been defined, it has been solved. Indeed the solution is often the very definition of the problem. Design must be creative-or it is mere imitation. But since this crucial creative leap seem inevitable after the event, the question must arise, can we find some way of searching the space ahead? Of course there are serious problems of knowing what we are looking for and the vastness of the search space. It may be better to discard altogether the term "searching" in the context of the design process: Conceptual analogies such as search, search spaces and fitness landscapes aim to elucidate the design process. However, the vastness of the multidimensional spaces involved make these analogies misguided and they thereby actually result in further confounding the issue. The term search becomes a misnomer since it has connotations that imply that it is possible to find what you are looking for. In such vast spaces the term search must be discarded. Thus, any attempt at searching for the highest peak in the fitness landscape as an optimal solution is also meaningless. Futhermore, even the very existence of a fitness landscape is fallacious. Although alternatives in the same region of the vast space can be compared to one another, distant alternatives will stem from radically different roots and will therefore not be comparable in any straightforward manner (Janssen 2000). Nevertheless we still have this tantalizing possibility that if a creative idea seems inevitable after the event, then somehow might the process be rserved? This may be as improbable as attempting to reverse time. A more helpful analogy is from nature, where it is generally assumed that the process of evolution is not long-term goal directed or teleological. Dennett points out a common minsunderstanding of Darwinism: the idea that evolution by natural selection is a procedure for producing human beings. Evolution can have produced humankind by an algorithmic process, without its being true that evolution is an algorithm for producing us. If we were to wind the tape of life back and run this algorithm again, the likelihood of "us" being created again is infinitesimally small (Gould 1989; Dennett 1995). But nevertheless Mother Nature has proved a remarkably successful, resourceful, and imaginative inventor generating a constant flow of incredible new design ideas to fire our imagination. Hence the current interest in the potential of the evolutionary paradigm in design. These evolutionary methods are frequently based on techniques such as the application of evolutionary algorithms that are usually thought of as search algorithms. It is necessary to abandon such connections with searching and see the evolutionary algorithm as a direct analogy with the evolutionary processes of nature. The process of natural selection can generate a wealth of alternative experiements, and the better ones survive. There is no one solution, there is no optimal solution, but there is continuous experiment. Nature is profligate with her prototyping and ruthless in her elimination of less successful experiments. Most importantly, nature has all the time in the world. As designers we cannot afford prototyping and ruthless experiment, nor can we operate on the time scale of the natural design process. Instead we can use the computer to compress space and time and to perform virtual prototyping and evaluation before committing ourselves to actual prototypes. This is the hypothesis underlying the evolutionary paradigm in design (1992, 1995).

A collaborative digestion and design game for community and technology exploration

In this paper, we present interim results from the Communities and Place project, which is exploring methods for understanding communities in a variety of contexts, and how to inform the design of technology to support them. We report on our experience with adapting an existing game-based approach for working with video as a resource in participatory design processes. Our adaptations allow the approach to be used with diverse data arising out of the different communities we are engaged with, and different design traditions we approach the problem from, leading to the formation of common design themes to inform our future work on this project.

Sleeper [for laptop computer and live performer]

Sleeper is an 18'00" musical work for live performer and laptop computer which exists as both a live performance work and a recorded work for audio CD. The work has been presented at a range of international performance events and survey exhibitions. These include the 2003 International Computer Music Conference (Singapore) where it was selected for CD publication, Variable Resistance (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, USA), and i.audio, a survey of experimental sound at the Performance Space, Sydney. The source sound materials are drawn from field recordings made in acoustically resonant spaces in the Australian urban environment, amplified and acoustic instruments, radio signals, and sound synthesis procedures. The processing techniques blur the boundaries between, and exploit, the perceptual ambiguities of de-contextualised and processed sound. The work thus challenges the arbitrary distinctions between sound, noise and music and attempts to reveal the inherent musicality in so-called non-musical materials via digitally re-processed location audio. Thematically the work investigates Paul Virilio’s theory that technology ‘collapses space’ via the relationship of technology to speed. Technically this is explored through the design of a music composition process that draws upon spatially and temporally dispersed sound materials treated using digital audio processing technologies. One of the contributions to knowledge in this work is a demonstration of how disparate materials may be employed within a compositional process to produce music through the establishment of musically meaningful morphological, spectral and pitch relationships. This is achieved through the design of novel digital audio processing networks and a software performance interface. The work explores, tests and extends the music perception theories of ‘reduced listening’ (Schaeffer, 1967) and ‘surrogacy’ (Smalley, 1997), by demonstrating how, through specific audio processing techniques, sounds may shifted away from ‘causal’ listening contexts towards abstract aesthetic listening contexts. In doing so, it demonstrates how various time and frequency domain processing techniques may be used to achieve this shift.

Interview with Dr. Young-Ki Paik, President of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO): Pharmacoproteomics and the approaching wave of “Proteomics Diagnostics”

Dr. Young-Ki Paik directs the Yonsei Proteome Research Center in Seoul, Korea and was elected as the President of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) in 2009. In the December 2009 issue of the Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine (CPPM), Dr. Paik explains the new field of pharmacoproteomics and the approaching wave of “proteomics diagnostics” in relation to personalized medicine, HUPO’s role in advancing proteomics technology applications, the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative, and the future impact of proteomics on medicine, science, and society. Additionally, he comments that (1) there is a need for launching a Gene-Centric Human Proteome Project (GCHPP) through which all representative proteins encoded by the genes can be identified and quantified in a specific cell and tissue and, (2) that the innovation frameworks within the diagnostics industry hitherto borrowed from the genetics age may require reevaluation in the case of proteomics, in order to facilitate the uptake of pharmacoproteomics innovations. He stresses the importance of biological/clinical plausibility driving the evolution of biotechnologies such as proteomics,instead of an isolated singular focus on the technology per se. Dr. Paik earned his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Missouri-Columbia and carried out postdoctoral work at the Gladstone Foundation Laboratories of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California at San Francisco. In 2005, his research team at Yonsei University first identified and characterized the chemical structure of C. elegans dauer pheromone (daumone) which controls the aging process of this nematode. He is interviewed by a multidisciplinary team specializing in knowledge translation, technology regulation, health systems governance, and innovation analysis.

Designing for engagement : building IT systems

Context The School of Information Technology at QUT has recently undertaken a major restructuring of their Bachelor of Information Technology (BIT) course. Some of the aims of this restructuring include a reduction in first year attrition and to provide an attractive degree course that meets both student and industry expectations. Emphasis has been placed on the first semester in the context of retaining students by introducing a set of four units that complement one another and provide introductory material on technology, programming and related skills, and generic skills that will aid the students throughout their undergraduate course and in their careers. This discussion relates to one of these four fist semester units, namely Building IT Systems. The aim of this unit is to create small Information Technology (IT) systems that use programming or scripting, databases as either standalone applications or web applications. In the prior history of teaching introductory computer programming at QUT, programming has been taught as a stand alone subject and integration of computer applications with other systems such as databases and networks was not undertaken until students had been given a thorough grounding in those topics as well. Feedback has indicated that students do not believe that working with a database requires programming skills. In fact, the teaching of the building blocks of computer applications have been compartmentalized and taught in isolation from each other. The teaching of introductory computer programming has been an industry requirement of IT degree courses as many jobs require at least some knowledge of the topic. Yet, computer programming is not a skill that all students have equal capabilities of learning (Bruce et al., 2004) and this is clearly shown by the volume of publications dedicated to this topic in the literature over a broad period of time (Eckerdal & Berglund, 2005; Mayer, 1981; Winslow, 1996). The teaching of this introductory material has been done pretty much the same way over the past thirty years. During this period of time that introductory computer programming courses have been taught at QUT, a number of different programming languages and programming paradigms have been used and different approaches to teaching and learning have been attempted in an effort to find the golden thread that would allow students to learn this complex topic. Unfortunately, computer programming is not a skill that can be learnt in one semester. Some basics can be learnt but it can take many years to master (Norvig, 2001). Faculty data typically has shown a bimodal distribution of results for students undertaking introductory programming courses with a high proportion of students receiving a high mark and a high proportion of students receiving a low or failing mark. This indicates that there are students who understand and excel with the introductory material while there is another group who struggle to understand the concepts and practices required to be able to translate a specification or problem statement into a computer program that achieves what is being requested. The consequence of a large group of students failing the introductory programming course has been a high level of attrition amongst first year students. This attrition level does not provide good continuity in student numbers in later years of the degree program and the current approach is not seen as sustainable.

A news story as big as a doctoral thesis? : deploying journalistic methodology in academic research

The purpose of this paper is to identify and recommend the emergence of an academic research methodology for Journalism the academic discipline, through reviewing various journalistic methods of research – those making up a key element in such methodology. Its focus is on journalistic styles of work employed in academic contexts especially research on mass media issues. It proposes that channelling such activity into disciplined academic forms will enhance both: allowing the former to provide more durable and deeper outcomes, injecting additional energy and intensity of purpose into the latter. It will briefly consider characteristics of research methodologies and methods, generally; characteristics of the Journalism discipline, and its relationship with mass media industries and professions. The model of journalism used here is the Western liberal stream. A proposition is made, that teaching and research in universities focused on professional preparation of journalists, has developed so that it is a mature academic discipline. Its adherents are for the most part academics with background in journalistic practice, and so able to deploy intellectual skills of journalists, while also accredited with Higher Degrees principally in humanities. Research produced in this discipline area stands to show two characteristics: (a) it employs practices used generally in academic research, e.g. qualitative research methods such as ethnographic studies or participant observation, or review of documents including archived media products, and (b) within such contexts it may use more specifically journalistic techniques, e.g. interviewing styles, reflection on practice of journalism, and in creative practice research, journalistic forms of writing – highlighting journalistic / practitioner capabilities of the author. So the Journalism discipline, as a discipline closely allied to a working profession, is described as one where individual professional skills and background preparation for media work will be applicable to academic research. In this connection the core modus operandi will be the directly research-related practices of: insistent establishment of facts, adept crafting of reportage, and economising well with time. Prospective fields for continuing research are described:- work in new media; closer investigation of relations among media producers and audiences; journalism as creative practice, and general publishing by journalists, e.g. writing histories.

Testing advertising via new media : an exploratory study of advertising practitioner attitudes

New media, as a free and universal communication tool, has had an impact on the power of the general public to comment on a variety of issues. As the public can comment favourably or unfavourably on advertisements, such as on Youtube, the advertising industry must start using weblogs to research reaction to their advertising campaigns. This exploratory study examines the responses of some advertising industry practitioners, both advertisers and agencies, on the impact of new media, specifically weblogs, and the use of new media as a source of research on advertising campaigns.