Poder e influencia en el liderazgo transformacional

Como proyecto de grado, el presente trabajo consiste en una revisi��n te��rica de los conceptos de liderazgo, poder e influencia, junto con las posibles relaciones que entre ellos se pueden presentar. Para ello, cada concepto es definido de manera individual, y con base en ello, se identifica la dependencia que tienen estos conceptos entre s�� y la importancia dentro del desarrollo del liderazgo transformacional actual. Para lograr lo propuesto, se llev�� a cabo la revisi��n de una parte de la literatura acad��mica presente en libros, revistas acad��micas, bases de datos y documentos relacionados con los temas y conceptos tratados. A partir de ello, se entendi�� la evoluci��n del concepto del liderazgo y los enfoques presentados desde la d��cada de los 1920��s hasta la actualidad, junto con el modelo de rango total y el tipo transaccional y transformacional del liderazgo, para luego definir el papel y la importancia de los conceptos de poder, los tipos de poder, la influencia y las t��cticas de influencia, y as��, identificar las posibles relaciones que se presentan entre los conceptos y la importancia de estos en el entorno organizacional actual.

Modelos de presupuestaci��n de capital en finanzas corporativas y utilidad de los mismos

La siguiente investigaci��n describe una aproximaci��n te��rica al tema de los modelos de presupuestaci��n de capital, el objetivo fundamental se basa en comprender su enfoque e importancia al momento de tomar decisiones de inversi��n por parte de los directores de una empresa, as�� como de prever los efectos de esta en un futuro. Al respecto, y sobre la base de que los modelos de presupuestaci��n de capital son herramientas para analizar posibles erogaciones de capital por parte de una empresa, es necesario para efectos del presente proyecto de investigaci��n, definir sus diferentes modelos desde lo te��rico y metodol��gico, explicando los diferentes conceptos relacionados con el tema. As�� mismo, se explican algunos de los indicadores financieros utilizados en las compa����as para medir y estimar la ���salud financiera��� de la empresa, adem��s de puntualizar su impacto en la perdurabilidad de las entidades, lo cual permite dar una visi��n m��s general sobre la importancia que trasciende de los indicadores financieros, generando un impacto positivo en la evoluci��n o crecimiento de la organizaci��n. En complemento, la investigaci��n aborda la presupuestaci��n de capital de manera particular aplicado en la gesti��n empresarial, sean estas privadas o p��blicas (estatal y gubernamental). En este sentido, se abordan conceptos elaborados por diferentes acad��micos en los que se exponen algunas aproximaciones respecto al posible mejoramiento de la presupuestaci��n para los sectores a los que pertenecen determinadas entidades. Finalmente, se presenta de manera expl��cita las conclusiones que surgieron a lo largo de la construcci��n del documento de investigaci��n, con el fin de dar cumplimiento concreto al objetivo general del trabajo, el cual constituye una respuesta a la pregunta de investigaci��n que se enunciar�� en el desarrollo del documento.

Dime c��mo me percibes y te dir�� qui��n soy: Estados Unidos y su idea de la pol��tica exterior China en la d��cada de 1950

La d��cada de 1950 fue determinante en el establecimiento y p��stumo desarrollo del sistema de pol��tica exterior de la Rep��blica Popular China. Al respecto, es de vital importancia realizar un an��lisis exhaustivo sobre esta primera etapa en donde actores externos a la naci��n tuvieron un papel determinante. Se busca, entonces, analizar la incidencia que tuvo el discurso de Estados Unidos en la pol��tica exterior China a trav��s de un profundo an��lisis cualitativo que tendr�� como base elementos propios de la historiograf��a. Mediante aproximaciones constructivistas, se pretende demostrar que las creencias pre-existentes de ambos actores (as�� como la intersubjetividad entre los mismos), determin�� la identidad construida a trav��s de la percepci��n mutua. Lo anterior, impuls�� las relaciones predominantemente agresivas entre Estados Unidos y la China Mao��sta de principios de la Guerra Fr��a.

La securitizaci��n de la migraci��n internacional: percepci��n de la UE sobre el flujo de rumanos hacia el Reino Unido 2007-2014

Actualmente, el concepto de seguridad ha logrado expandirse hacia la inclusi��n de amenazas no tradicionales. En este contexto, el fen��meno de la migraci��n internacional empieza a hacer parte de la agenda de algunos gobiernos, entendi��ndose como un asunto que amenaza la seguridad del Estado. El inter��s de esta monograf��a gira en torno a examinar el discurso securitizador del Reino Unido sobre la inmigraci��n rumana entre 2007-2014, con el fin de determinar la incidencia que este ha tenido en la percepci��n de la migraci��n internacional como un asunto de seguridad en la UE. Al entender el discurso del Reino Unido a la luz de la teor��a de securitizaci��n e incluir el an��lisis de la opini��n p��blica europea, se observa que, si bien el discurso ha influido en el contexto dom��stico, ��ste ha tenido una baja incidencia en la percepci��n de la migraci��n internacional como un asunto de seguridad en la UE.

Adaptive project planning and management based on best practices - COBRA system

Planning a project with proper considerations of all necessary factors and managing a project to ensure its successful implementation will face a lot of challenges. Initial stage in planning a project for bidding a project is costly, time consuming and usually with poor accuracy on cost and effort predictions. On the other hand, detailed information for previous projects may be buried in piles of archived documents which can be increasingly difficult to learn from the previous experiences. Project portfolio has been brought into this field aiming to improve the information sharing and management among different projects. However, the amount of information that could be shared is still limited to generic information. This paper, we report a recently developed software system COBRA to automatically generate a project plan with effort estimation of time and cost based on data collected from previous completed projects. To maximise the data sharing and management among different projects, we proposed a method of using product based planning from PRINCE2 methodology. (Automated Project Information Sharing and Management System -���COBRA) Keywords: project management, product based planning, best practice, PRINCE2

On the development of horizontal CEN standards supporting the implementation of EU directives on sludge, soil and biowaste - Project HORIZONTAL

We give an overview on the development of "horizontal" European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) standards for characterising soils, sludges and biowaste in the context of environmental legislation in the European Union (EU). We discuss the various steps in the development of a horizontal standard (i.e. assessment of the possibility of such a standard, review of existing normative documents, pre-normative testing and validation) and related problems. We also provide a synopsis of European and international standards covered by the so-called Project HORIZONTAL. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modelling nitrogen fluxes from the land surface to the coastal zone in European systems: the perspective of the INCA project

This paper describes the results and conclusions of the INCA (Integrated Nitrogen Model for European CAtchments) project and sets the findings in the context of the ELOISE (European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies) programme. The INCA project was concerned with the development of a generic model of the major factors and processes controlling nitrogen dynamics in European river systems, thereby providing a tool (a) to aid the scientific understanding of nitrogen transport and retention in catchments and (b) for river-basin management and policy-making. The findings of the study highlight the heterogeneity of the factors and processes controlling nitrogen dynamics in freshwater systems. Nonetheless, the INCA model was able to simulate the in-stream nitrogen concentrations and fluxes observed at annual and seasonal timescales in Arctic, Continental and Maritime-Temperate regimes. This result suggests that the data requirements and structural complexity of the INCA model are appropriate to simulate nitrogen fluxes across a wide range of European freshwater environments. This is a major requirement for the production of coupled fiver-estuary-coastal shelf models for the management of our aquatic environment. With regard to river-basin management, to achieve an efficient reduction in nutrient fluxes from the land to the estuarine and coastal zone, the model simulations suggest that management options must be adaptable to the prevailing environmental and socio-economic factors in individual catchments: 'Blanket approaches' to environmental policy appear too simple. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bioremediation of acid mine drainage: an introduction to the Wheal Jane wetlands project

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a widespread environmental problem associated with both working and abandoned mining operations. As part of an overall strategy to determine a long-term treatment option for AMD, a pilot passive treatment plant was constructed in 1994 at Wheat Jane Mine in Cornwall, UK. The plant consists of three separate systems; each containing aerobic reed beds, anaerobic cell and rock filters, and represents the largest European experimental facility of its kind. The systems only differ by the type of pre-treatment utilised to increase the pH of the influent minewater (pH<4): lime-dosed (LD), anoxic limestone drain (ALD) and lime free (LF), which receives no form of pre-treatment. The Wheal Jane pilot plant offered a unique facility and a major research project was established to evaluate the pilot plant and study in detail the biological mechanisms and the geochemical and physical processes that control passive treatment systems. The project has led to data, knowledge, models and design criteria for the future design, planning and sustainable management of passive treatment systems. A multidisciplinary team of scientists and managers from the U.K. universities, the Environment Agency and the Mining Industry has been put together to obtain the maximum advantage from the excellent facilities facility at Wheal Jane. (C) 2004 Elseaier B.V All rights reserved.

A conventionally managed project: a systems based case study

The technique of linear responsibility analysis is used for a retrospective case study of a private development consisting of an extension to an existing building to provide a wholesale butchery facility. The project used a conventionally organized management process. The organization structure adopted on the project is analysed using concepts from the systems theory, which are included in Walkers theoretical model of the structure of building project organizations. This model proposes that the process of building provision can be viewed as systems and sub-systems that are differentiated from each other at decision points. Further to this, the sub-systems can be viewed as the interaction of managing system and operating system. Using Walkers model, a systematic analysis of the relationships between the contributors gives a quantitative assessment of the efficiency of the organizational structure used. The project's organization structure diverged from the models propositions resulting in delay to the project's completion and cost overrun but the client was satisfied with the project functionally.

Post occupancy evaluation of a building employing windcatchers for summer ventilation

A combined windcatcher and light pipe (SunCatcher) was installed in the seminar room at the University of Reading, UK. Monitoring of indoor environment in real weather conditions was conducted to evaluate the application of windcatchers for natural ventilation. In addition, a subjective occupancy survey was undertaken. External weather conditions and internal indoor air quality indicators were recorded. The ���tracer-gas decay��� method using SF6 was used to establish air change rate for various conditions. The results indicated that the ventilation rate achieved through the windcatcher depends on the difference between internal and external air temperatures, and on wind speed and direction, in agreement with other published work in the area. The indoor air quality parameters were found to be within acceptable levels when the windcatcher was in operation. The measured air change rate was between 1.5ac/h and 6.8ac/h. Occupants��� questionnaires showed 75 per cent satisfaction with the internal conditions and welcomed the installation of the systems in UK buildings.

Innovative approach to building systems integration problems: Using systems theory, technological forecasting and scenario planning

Building services are worth about 2% GDP and are essential for the effective and efficient operations of the building. It is increasingly recognised that the value of a building is related to the way it supports the client organisation���s ongoing business operations. Building services are central to the functional performance of buildings and provide the necessary conditions for health, well-being, safety and security of the occupants. They frequently comprise several technologically distinct sub-systems and their design and construction requires the involvement of numerous disciplines and trades. Designers and contractors working on the same project are frequently employed by different companies. Materials and equipment is supplied by a diverse range of manufacturers. Facilities managers are responsible for operation of the building service in use. The coordination between these participants is crucially important to achieve optimum performance, but too often is neglected. This leaves room for serious faults. The need for effective integration is important. Modern technology offers increasing opportunities for integrated personal-control systems for lighting, ventilation and security as well as interoperability between systems. Opportunities for a new mode of systems integration are provided by the emergence of PFI/PPP procurements frameworks. This paper attempts to establish how systems integration can be achieved in the process of designing, constructing and operating building services. The essence of the paper therefore is to envisage the emergent organisational responses to the realisation of building services as an interactive systems network.

Visualizing knowledge in project-based work

This article considers how visual practices are used to manage knowledge in project-based work. It compares project-based work in a capital goods manufacturer and an architectural firm. Visual representations are used extensively in both cases, but the nature of visual practice differs significantly between the two. The research explores the kinds of knowledge that are (and aren't) developed and made visible in strategizing and planning activities. For example, whereas the emphasis of project-based work in the former firm is on exploitation of knowledge and it visualizes its project context largely in commercial and processual terms, the emphasis in the latter is on exploration and it uses a wide range of visual materials to understand physical interdependencies across the project boundary. We contend particular kinds of visual tools can help project teams step between exploration and exploitation within a project, and articulate the types of representations, foci of attention and patterns of interaction involved. The findings suggest that business managers can make more deliberate choices about how knowledge is made visible, and can change visual practice to align the project with exploring and exploiting opportunities. It raises the question: What don't you see within your organization? The work contributes to academic debates about managing through projects, strategising and organizing, while the focus on visual representation disrupts the tacit-codified dichotomy in the broad debate on knowledge and learning, and highlights the craft skills central to strategizing and organizing.