Assessment of genotoxicity in oral epithelial cells of health professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiations

Disserta����o de Mestrado em Ambiente, Sa��de e Seguran��a.

Oral health, hygiene practices and oral cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between oral health and hygiene practices and oral cancer. METHODS: Hospital-based case-control study in the metropolitan area of S��o Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from 1998 to 2002. A total 309 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and the pharynx and 468 controls matched by sex and age were included in the study. Cases were recruited in seven reference hospitals and controls were selected in five out of the seven participating hospitals. Detailed information on smoking, alcohol consumption, schooling, oral health status and hygiene practices were obtained through interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusted by sex, age, schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption as well as the variables oral health status and hygiene practices were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The use of complete dental prosthesis was not associated with oral cancer but regular gum bleeding showed a strong association (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.2-7.9). Those who never attended a dental visit were more likely to have oral cancer (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3-4.8). Daily mouthwash use showed a stronger association to pharynx (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.8-12.5) than mouth cancer (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.6-6.3). CONCLUSIONS: Gum bleeding, no dental care, and daily mouthwash use were factors associated with oral cancer regardless of tobacco and alcohol consumption.

A tradi����o oral nas pr��ticas do ensino Pr��-Escolar e 1.�� ciclo do Ensino B��sico

Mestrado (PES II), Educa����o Pr��-Escolar e Ensino do 1.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico, 21 de Janeiro de 2015, Universidade dos A��ores.

Avalia����o dos modelos de Supply Chain : Lean, Agile e Leagile : uma abordagem emp��rica

Disserta����o de Mestrado em Ci��ncias Econ��micas e Empresariais.

Global material analysis on phosphorus flows, supply horizon and impact assessment on phosphorus depletion

Different problems are daily discuss on environmental aspects such acid rain, eutrophication, global warming and an others problems. Rarely do we find some discussions about phosphorus problematic. Through the years the phosphorus as been a real problem and must be more discussed. On this thesis was done a global material flow analysis of phosphorus, based on data from the year 2004, the production of phosphate rock in that year was 18.9 million tones, almost this amount it was used as fertilizer on the soil and the plants only can uptake, on average, 20% of the input of fertilizer to grow up, the remainder is lost for the phosphorus soil. In the phosphorus soil there is equilibrium between the phosphorus available to uptake from the plants and the phosphorus associate with other compounds, this equilibrium depends of the kind of soil and is related with the soil pH. A reserve inventory was done and we have 15,000 million tones as reserve, the amount that is economical available. The reserve base is estimated in 47,000 million tones. The major reserves can be found in Morocco and Western Sahara, United Sates, China and South Africa. The reserve estimated in 2009 was 15,000 million tone of phosphate rock or 1,963 million tone of P. If every year the mined phosphate rock is around 22 Mt/yr (phosphorus production on 2008 USGS 2009), and each year the consumption of phosphorus increases because of the food demand, the reserves of phosphate rock will be finished in about 90 years, or maybe even less. About the value/impact assessment was done a qualitative analysis, if on the future we don���t have more phosphate rock to produce fertilizers, it is expected a drop on the crops yields, each depends of the kind of the soil and the impact on the humans feed and animal production will not be a relevant problem. We can recovery phosphorus from different waste streams such as ploughing crop residues back into the soil, Food processing plants and food retailers, Human and animal excreta, Meat and bone meal, Manure fibre, Sewage sludge and wastewater. Some of these examples are developed in the paper.

O desenvolvimento da express��o oral no Jardim-de-Inf��ncia e no 1.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico

Mestrado, Educa����o Pr��-Escolar e Ensino do 1.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico, 15 de Junho de 2015, Universidade dos A��ores.

Profissionais de rela����es p��blicas: hist��ria oral de vida

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o m��todo de hist��ria de vida, bem como a hist��ria de vida atrav��s da oralidade como importantes m��todos a serem utilizados nas investiga����es em Rela����es P��blicas. O m��todo de hist��ria de vida �� parte da abordagem biogr��fica, apresentando os conceitos-chave que fazem parte dos m��todos e pontos de partida para uma investiga����o com o profissional de Rela����es P��blicas decorrentes da aplica����o dos m��todos. O estudo incide sobre a an��lise das narrativas contadas pelos profissionais de Rela����es P��blicas tendo por base a sua pr��pria ���Hist��ria de Vida���. Centra-se inicialmente no ���como���, no ���porqu����� e no ���quando��� de uma profiss��o vistos atrav��s da ���Hist��ria Oral de Vida��� dos seus profissionais. Est�� assente em ���Como os profissionais chegaram ao exerc��cio da atividade de Rela����es P��blicas?���, ���O porqu�� de seguirem esta escolha?��� e ���Quando seguiram esta escolha?���. A Hist��ria Oral de Vida tem sido aplicada noutras ��reas, agora sendo relevante para trazer �� tona as narrativas dos profissionais de Rela����es P��blicas. A valoriza����o da narrativa pessoal/profissional dos praticantes de Rela����es P��blicas na constitui����o do profissional, para que se possa estud��-lo para al��m das organiza����es. Um dos objetivos relevantes �� a poss��vel caracteriza����o da escolha profissional e at�� que ponto pode contribuir-se para a forma����o de outros profissionais da ��rea. O papel central do profissional de Rela����es P��blicas que habitualmente fala em nome de uma organiza����o, passa a ser posto �� parte para que o profissional seja o sujeito-narrador da sua pr��pria hist��ria. O estudo salienta a import��ncia dos profissionais de Rela����es P��blicas atrav��s da relev��ncia dada ��s narrativas. Ao fazer-se a ���Hist��ria Oral de Vida��� estamos a trazer �� ��rea um novo contributo para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a atividade.

Oral health in the family health strategy: a change of practices or semantics diversionism

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate public health dentistry practices of two different family health models. METHODS: Qualitative study conducted with data obtained from focus groups consisting of 58 dentists working in the Family Health Strategy for at least three years between August-October, 2006. The Paideia Family Health Approach was used in the city of Campinas and the Oral Health Initiative as part of the Family Health Strategy was implemented in the city of Curitiba, Southeastern and Southern Brazil, respectively. Data was analyzed using the hermeneutic-dialectic method. Analysis indicators were employed to indicate backwardness, stagnation or progress in oral health practices effective from the implementation of the strategies referred. The indicators used were: work process; interdisciplinary approach; territorialization; capacity building of human resources; health promotion practices; and responsiveness to users' demands. RESULTS: There was progress in user access to services, humanization of health care, patient welcoming and patient-provider relationship. The results related to health promotion practices, territorialization, interdisciplinary approach and resource capacity building indicated a need for technical and operational enhancements in both cities. CONCLUSIONS: Both models have brought about important advances in terms of increased access to services and humanization of health care. Universal access to oral health at all levels of complexity was not achieved in both cities studied. Local health managers and oral health program coordinators must bring more weight to bear in the arena that defines public policy priorities.

Contextualiza����o de ���learning objects��� no ensino da ��rea da sa��de. O caso do ensino da higiene oral

Com o crescimento das Tecnologias de Informa����o e Comunica����o os m��todos de ensino tamb��m foram evoluindo, verificando-se assim mudan��as bastante significativas na forma como se adquire o conhecimento. O aparecimento do ensino �� dist��ncia aliado aos meios digitais, que est��o cada vez mais dispon��veis e acess��veis, tanto a alunos como a professores, s��o um excelente complemento �� actividade lectiva. Exemplo disso �� mesmo o caso do e-learning que veio revolucionar todo o processo de aquisi����o de conhecimento, deixando para segundo plano pormenores como o local ou a hora de aquisi����o do conhecimento. Entre muitos tipos de recursos dispon��veis, os OA���s (Objecto de Aprendizagem) t��m uma utiliza����o cada vez mais frequente. No levantamento do estado da arte e no estudo dos recursos educativos utilizados actualmente na Medicina Dent��ria, foi assinalado a utiliza����o recorrente dos OA���s, que basicamente s��o pequenos peda��os de informa����o que podem ser reutilizados ou referenciados tecnologicamente. Seguidamente, iniciou-se a realiza����o de um OA que pudesse servir de apoio ao ensino da Medicina Dent��ria, focando-se concretamente na higiene oral para as crian��as entre os 7 e 12 anos. Finalmente, procedeu-se �� sua valida����o conclui-se que no futuro ser�� poss��vel a sua reutiliza����o em diferentes contextos de ensino e aprendizagem na ��rea.

O role play como atividade potenciadora da produ����o oral

Mestrado em Ensino de Ingl��s e de Franc��s ou Espanhol no Ensino B��sico

Groundwater from infiltration galleries used for small public water supply systems: contamination with pesticides and endocrine disruptors

Infiltration galleries are among the oldest known means used for small public water fountains. Owing to its ancestral origin they are usually associated with high quality water. Thirty-one compounds, including pesticides and estrogens from different chemical families, were analysed in waters from infiltration galleries collected in Alto Douro Demarcated Wine region (North of Portugal). A total of twelve compounds were detected in the water samples. Nine of these compounds are described as presenting evidence or potential evidence of interfering with the hormone system of humans and wildlife. Although concentrations of the target analytes were relatively low, many of them below their limit of quantification, four compounds were above quantification limit and two of them even above the legal limit of 0.1 lg/L: dimethoate (30.38 ng/L), folpet (64.35 ng/L), terbuthylazine-desethyl (22.28 to 292.36 ng/L) and terbuthylazine (22.49 to 369.33 ng/L).

Edentulism and shortened dental arch in Brazilian elderly from the National Survey of Oral Health 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of edentulism and estimate the prevalence of functional dentition and shortened dental arch among elderly population. METHODS: A population-based epidemiological study was carried out with a sample of 5,349 respondents aged 65 to 74 years obtained from the 2002 and 2003 Brazilian Ministry of Health/Division of Oral Health survey database. The following variables were studied: gender; macroregion of residence; missing teeth; percentage that met the World Health Organization goal for oral health in the age group 65 to 74 years (50% having at least 20 natural teeth); presence of shortened dental arch; number of posterior occluding pairs of teeth. The Chi-square test assessed the association between categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences of mean between number of posterior occluding pairs teeth, macro-region and gender. RESULTS: The elderly population had an average of 5.49 teeth (SD: 7.93) with a median of 0. The proportion of completely edentulous respondents was 54.7%. Complete edentulism was 18.2% in the upper arch and 1.9% in the lower arch. The World Health Organization goal was achieved in 10% of all respondents studied. However, only 2.7% had acceptable masticatory function and aesthetics (having at least shortened dental arch) and a mean number of posterior occluding pairs of 6.94 (SD=2.97). There were significant differences of the percentage of respondents that met the World Health Organization goal and presence of shortened dental arch between men and women. There were differences in shortened dental arch between macroregions. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian epidemiological oral health survey showed high rate of edentulism and low rate of shortened dental arch in the elderly population studied, thus suggesting significant functional and aesthetic impairment in all Brazilian macroregions especially among women.

Pertussis booster vaccine for adolescents and young adults in S��o Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To develop a model to assess different strategies of pertussis booster vaccination in the city of S��o Paulo. METHODS: A dynamic stationary age-dependent compartmental model with waning immunity was developed. The "Who Acquires Infection from Whom" matrix was used to modeling age-dependent transmission rates. There were tested different strategies including vaccine boosters to the current vaccination schedule and three of them were reported: (i) 35% coverage at age 12, or (ii) 70% coverage at age 12, and (iii) 35% coverage at age 12 and 70% coverage at age 20 at the same time. RESULTS: The strategy (i) achieved a 59% reduction of pertussis occurrence and a 53% reduction in infants while strategy (ii) produced 76% and 63% reduction and strategy (iii) 62% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pertussis booster vaccination at age 12 proved to be the best strategy among those tested in this study as it achieves the highest overall reduction and the greatest impact among infants who are more susceptible to pertussis complications.

O contributo da rotina Ler, contar e mostrar para o desenvolvimento de compet��ncias da leitura e de express��o oral

Relat��rio de est��gio apresentado �� Escola Superior de Educa����o de Lisboa para obten����o de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1�� e 2�� ciclo do Ensino B��sico

Risk factors of HIV-related oral lesions in adults

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors in the occurrence of oral lesions in HIV-positive adults. METHODS: A retrospective analytical-descriptive survey was conducted using the medical/dental records of 534 patients with oral lesions associated with HIV. The data were collected from five referral centers for managing HIV and associated comorbidities in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, between 1996 and 2011. Using a standardized form, socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded. Exclusively and definitively diagnosed oral pathologies were included and classified according to ECC criteria on Oral Problems Related to HIV Infection. For data analysis cross-tabulations, Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models were used where appropriate. RESULTS: CD4+ counts lower than 350 cells/mm�� (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p = 0.011) and female gender (p = 0.031) were predisposing factors for oral candidiasis. The occurrence of hairy leukoplakia was independently associated with CD4+ counts below 500 cells/mm��, (p = 0.029) a viral load above 5,000 copies/mm�� (p = 0.003) and smoking (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate and severe degrees of immunodeficiency and detectable viral loads were risk factors for the onset of oral lesions. Smoking and alcohol consumption also increased susceptibility to the development of opportunistic infections in HIV-positive adults from Porto Alegre, irrespective of the use of antiretroviral therapy.