Economic history pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets.

USO, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Remember that service men spend busy days. Evening hours are about the only time they have available to telephone home. It will help them to get their calls through if you will make only urgent long distance calls between 7 and 10 in the evening. MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY

Expert survey on priorities for the information society in the Caribbean

An on-line survey of experts was conducted to solicit their views on policy priorities in the area of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the Caribbean. The experts considered the goal to “promote teacher training in the use of ICTs in the classroom” to be the highest priority, followed by goals to “reduce the cost of broadband services” and “promote the use of ICT in emergency and disaster prevention, preparedness and response.” Goals in the areas of cybercrime, e-commerce, egovernment, universal service funds, consumer protection, and on-line privacy rounded out the top 10. Some of the lowest ranked goals were those related to coordinating the management of infrastructure changes. These included the switchover for digital terrestrial television (DTT) and digital FM radio, cloud computing for government ICT, the introduction of satellite-based internet services, and the installation of content distribution networks (CDNs). Initiatives aimed at using ICT to promote specific industries, or specific means of promoting the digital economy, tended toward the centre of the rankings. Thus, a general pattern emerged which elevated the importance of focusing on how ICT is integrated into the broader society, with economic issues a lower priority, and concerns about coordination on infrastructure issues lower still.

Segregación socioespacial en ciudades mineras: el caso de Antofagasta, Chile

La actividad minera ha impulsado la economía local en naciones desarrolladas y en vías de desarrollo, especialmente en el Cono Sur de América Latina, por atraer capital externo y nuevos actores a las zonas donde se concentra la extracción. Sin embargo, este proceso, particularmente en esta región, ha promovido modalidades de desarrollo desigual que afectan tanto a las zonas urbanas como a las rurales, producen transformaciones socioespaciales, y crean barreras físicas y sociales. El presente artículo forma parte de una serie de estudios sobre desarrollo urbano en zonas mineras realizados en Australia y en Chile, en este último caso en la ciudad de Antofagasta, en el norte del país. Su propósito es ampliar el conocimiento sobre la segregación socioespacial, específicamente de diversas dimensiones del desarrollo urbano (espacial, institucional, socioeconómica), mediante la aplicación de enfoques teóricos y analíticos que permiten abordar el tema en forma integral.

La nueva geografía de la explotación minero-energética y la acumulación por desposesión en Colombia entre 1997 y 2012

En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados de un trabajo de investigación más amplio, que tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones existentes entre el desplazamiento forzado, la entrega de títulos mineros y permisos de explotación energética y la acumulación de tierras rurales productivas en Colombia entre los años 1997 y 2012. A partir de un ejercicio exploratorio de análisis espacial en el que se relacionan variables como el desplazamiento forzado, la concesión de títulos mineros y petroleros y el coeficiente de Gini de tierras rurales, se indagó sobre la existencia de una nueva geografía humana que configura regiones en las cuales la explotación minero-energética y las condiciones de violencia han consolidado la posición del país como exportador neto de materias primas, fortaleciendo la transnacionalización de la economía y, de esta manera, profundizando las condiciones de inequidad y pobreza que hacen de Colombia el segundo país más desigual de América Latina.

Segregación socioeconómica escolar en Chile: elección de la escuela por los padres y un análisis contrafactual teórico

En este artículo se examina la hipótesis de que la política de elección escolar ha incrementado la segregación socioeconómica en Chile. Se utiliza una base de datos georreferenciada de estudiantes y escuelas del Gran Santiago, para comparar la segregación real con la que se produciría en un escenario hipotético en que los estudiantes asisten a la escuela más cercana a su lugar de residencia. Los resultados indican que la segregación escolar es mayor en el escenario real que en el contrafactual, lo que sugiere que la interacción entre las preferencias de las familias y las barreras de entrada establecidas por las escuelas (cobros obligatorios y procesos de admisión selectivos) tienden a incrementar la segregación escolar más allá del efecto de la segregación residencial subyacente en la ciudad.

The perceived benefits of the chronic disease self-management program among participants with stroke: A qualitative study

Despite the expense associated with rehabilitation following stroke, dissatisfaction with psychosocial outcomes is common (Thomas & Parry, 1996). The rehabilitation system has been critiqued as lacking a theoretical base for psychosocial interventions (Goldberg, Segal, Berk, Schall, & Gershkoff, 1997). The current paper examines the possible role of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program ([CDSMP] Lorig, 1996) in contributing to the psychosocial rehabilitation of people with stroke. This paper focuses on the analysis of incidental comments made by participants about a version of the CDSMP, tailored for people with stroke. These comments, collected over an 18-month follow-up period, provide interesting insights into the key aspects of the program. Six informative themes emerged from the more specific comments, namely (1) the importance of social contact and comparison, (2) increased awareness and knowledge about stroke, (3) motivation to pursue goals and activities, (4) a sense of achievement, (5) maintenance of gains, and (6) the paradoxical nature of social support. According to participants, the program was associated with enhanced self-efficacy. Other reported benefits (such as social support and enhanced knowledge) were indirectly associated with the program and appeared to reflect social aspects of the group and its stroke-specific focus. Maintenance of gains made by participants was seen as a crucial issue.

Quel role pour la langue de reference dans les representations des apprenants? Le cas de l'evaluation en langue etrangere

This research project explores learner’s representations of strategic L1 use in the foreign language classroom and highlights both the positive or negative roles attributed to the L1 in the language learning process - particularly with respect to language assessment - continuing to explore the relatively understudied domain of student representations within a scholarly context. Surveying a population of Australian (N=18) and French students (N=25), this study uses both questionnaire and interview responses in order to analyse the roles allocated to the L1 with respect to learning outcomes. The results indicate that students have a very balanced view of the L1 with respect to the learning of grammar, vocabulary and social aspects, yet its use in assessment aspects appears much more advantageous. The importance of this study and its findings is in recognizing the complex nature of learner representations in order to facilitate a discussion that is based more on the reality of language teaching, with the hope of renewing classroom practices.

Dilemmas in Framing Research Studies in Engineering Education

There has been considerable debate about the need for more empirical, evidence based studies of the impact of various interventions and practices in engineering education. A number of resources including workshops to guide engineering faculty in the conduct of such studies have emerged over recent years. This paper presents a critique of the evolution of engineering education research and its underlying assumptions in the context of the systemic reform currently underway in engineering education. This critique leads to an analysis of the ways in which our current understanding of engineering, engineering education and research in engineering education is shaped by the traditions and cultural characteristics of the profession and grounded, albeit implicitly, in a particular suite of epistemological assumptions. It is argued that the whole enterprise of engineering education needs to be radically reconceptualized. A pluralistic approach to framing scholarship in engineering education is then proposed based on the principles of demonstrable practicality, critical interdisciplinarity and holistic reflexivity. This new framework has implications for engaging and developing faculty in the context of new teaching and learning paradigms, for the evaluation of the scholarship of teaching and for the research-teaching nexus.