Enseigner la lecture au primaire : un aperçu des pratiques d’enseignants des 2e et 3e cycles du primaire

Apprendre à lire exige de développer un ensemble de stratégies et, dans un contexte d’enseignement-apprentissage, il s’avère nécessaire que les stratégies de lecture soient enseignées (Fisher, Frey et Lapp, 2008). Toutefois, il semble que les enseignants se sentent peu à l’aise avec l’enseignement des stratégies de lecture par la modélisation (Martel et Lévesque, 2010; Pressley et Afflerbach, 1995). Au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, des enseignants des 2e et 3e cycles du primaire ont exprimé le besoin de réfléchir sur leurs pratiques d’enseignement des stratégies de lecture afin d’apporter les ajustements nécessaires à un apprentissage de la lecture plus accompli chez leurs élèves. Pour y parvenir, douze enseignantes, un enseignant, deux conseillères pédagogiques et une chercheure se sont engagés dans une recherche-action (Dolbec et Clément, 2004) visant l’amélioration des pratiques relatives à l’enseignement de la lecture. Comme le suggère Couture (2011), le portrait des pratiques déjà mises en place par les enseignants a été dressé dans un premier temps afin d’ancrer le processus de changement à même le travail et les besoins des enseignants. Les résultats indiquent que ce sont les stratégies utiles avant la lecture qui seraient les plus enseignées, que cet enseignement s’effectuerait principalement à l’aide du matériel didactique, et ce, avec l’ensemble du groupe classe.

Pollen Season and Climate: Is the Timing of Birch Pollen Release in the UK Approaching its Limit?

In light of heightened interest in the response of pollen phenology to temperature, we investigated recent changes to the onset of Betula (birch) pollen seasons in central and southern England, including a test of predicted advancement of the Betula pollen season for London. We calculated onset of birch pollen seasons using daily airborne pollen data obtained at London, Plymouth and Worcester, determined trends in the start of the pollen season and compared timing of the birch pollen season with observed temperature patterns for the period 1995–2010. We found no overall change in the onset of birch pollen in the study period although there was evidence that the response to temperature was nonlinear and that a lower asymptotic start of the pollen season may exist. The start of the birch pollen season was strongly correlated with March mean temperature. These results reinforce previous findings showing that the timing of the birch pollen season in the UK is particularly sensitive to spring temperatures. The climate relationship shown here persists over both longer decadal-scale trends and shorter, seasonal trends as well as during periods of ‘sign-switching’ when cooler spring temperatures result in later start dates. These attributes, combined with the wide geographical coverage of airborne pollen monitoring sites, some with records extending back several decades, provide a powerful tool for the detection of climate change impacts, although local site factors and the requirement for winter chilling may be confounding factors.

Serum estradiol: oocyte ratio as a predictor of reproductive outcome: an analysis of data from >9000 IVF cycles in the Republic of Ireland

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum estradiol (E2) per oocyte ratio (EOR) as a function of selected embryology events and reproductive outcomes with IVF. Methods This retrospective analysis included all IVF cycles where oocyte collection and fresh transfer occurred between January 2001 and November 2012 at a single institution. Patients were divided by three age groups (<35, 35–39, and ≥40 years) and further stratified into nine groups based on EOR (measured in pmol/L/oocyte). Terminal serum E2 (pmol/mL) was recorded on day of hCG trigger administration, and fertilization rate, cleavage rate, number of good quality embryos, and reproductive outcomes were recorded for each IVF cycle. Results During the study interval, 9109 oocyte retrievals were performed for 5499 IVF patients (mean = 1.7 cycles/patient). A total of 63.4 % of transfers were performed on day 3 (n = 4926), while 36.6 % were carried out on day 5 (n = 2843). Clinical pregnancy rates were highest in patients with EOR of 250–750 and declined as this ratio increased, independent of patient age. While the odds ratio (OR) for clinical pregnancy where EOR = 250–750 vs. EOR > 1500 was 3.4 (p < 0.001; 95 % CI 2.67–4.34), no statistically significant correlation was seen in fertilization, cleavage rates or number of good quality embryos as a function of EOR. Conclusions Predicting reproductive outcomes with IVF has great utility both for patients and providers. The former have the opportunity to build realistic expectations, and the latter are better able to counsel according to measured clinical parameters. A better understanding of follicular dynamics and ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation could optimize IVF treatments going forward.

Comparative study of amine solutions used in CO2 absorption/desorption cycles

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química

Fluência de materiais

A presente dissertação apresenta uma abordagem ao tema Fluência, com um desenvolvimento geral para quatro materiais: madeira, alumínio, betão e aço. No entanto, particularizou-se este estudo apenas para dois destes materiais, a madeira e o alumínio. A madeira é um material viscoelástico, logo fortemente influenciado quando submetido a uma ação constante (Fluência) sendo agravada com alterações do teor em água. Iniciou-se o estudo, com uma introdução aos objetivos principais e a revisão teórica do conhecimento da propriedade mecânica (Fluência). Efetuou-se o estudo inicial para os quatro materiais indicados. Posteriormente, fez-se avaliação do efeito mecânico sortivo durante 60 dias com sete ciclos, em provetes de dimensões 20 x 20 x 400 mm3 (escala 1:10) de madeira de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Recorrendo ao levantamento de um conjunto de modelos numéricos, procedeu-se ao ajuste e extrapolação do comportamento, em Fluência, para distintos períodos de tempo (1, 10 e 50 anos). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a madeira de Eucalipto não apresenta um limite no seu comportamento em Fluência, logo instável para os 60 dias de duração de ensaio. Os diferentes modelos de Fluência (x6) apresentaram uma variabilidade crescente de resultados, de acordo com o aumento de extrapolação dos resultados. Para a espécie de madeira de Eucalipto constatou-se ainda, que o ajuste e extrapolação de deformação para 50 anos ultrapassaram os valores sugeridos pelo Eurocódigo 5. A última parte deste trabalho, incidiu sobre o desenvolvimento da metodologia do ensaio em flexão de 3 provetes de alumínio similares, cujas dimensões eram de 20 x 20 x 400mm3. O objetivo desta metodologia foi avaliar o seu comportamento em Fluência. Numa primeira fase, foi aplicada uma carga contante de 160 kN. E numa segunda fase, foi aplicada o dobro dessa carga sujeita adicionalmente a uma temperatura bastante superior à temperatura ambiente (a rondar os 50 oC). Conclusivamente verificou-se que o alumínio não apresenta deformação por Fluência, para as condições de ensaio apresentadas.

THE U.S. and European M&A cycles: A Markov switching and state space approach

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Liquidity, business cycles and monetary policy: A simulation

A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The Teggiolo zone: a key to the Helvetic-Penninic connection (stratigraphy and tectonics in the Val Bavona, Ticino, Central Alps)

The Teggiolo zone is the sedimentary cover of the Antigorio nappe, one of the lowest tectonic units of the Penninic Central Alps. Detailed mapping, stratigraphic and structural analyses, and comparisons with less metamorphic series in several well-studied domains of the Alps, provide a new stratigraphic interpretation. The Teggiolo zone is comprised of several sedimentary cycles, separated by erosive surfaces and large stratigraphic gaps, which cover the time span from Triassic to Eocene. At Mid-Jurassic times it appears as an uplifted, partially emergent block, marking the southern limit of the main Helvetic basin (the Limiting South-Helvetic Rise LSHR). The main mass of the Teggiolo calcschists, whose base truncates the Triassic-Jurassic cycles and can erode the Antigorio basement, consists of fine-grained clastic sediments analogous to the deep-water flyschoid deposits of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age in the North-Penninic (or Valais s.l.) basins. Thus the Antigorio-Teggiolo domain occupies a crucial paleogeographic position, on the boundary between the Helvetic and Penninic realms: from Triassic to Early Cretaceous its affinity is with the Helvetic; at the end of Cretaceous it is incorporated into the North-Penninic basins. An unexpected result is the discovery of the important role played by complex formations of wildflysch type at the top of the Teggiolo zone. They contain blocks of various sizes. According to their nature, three different associations are distinguished that have specific vertical and lateral distributions. These blocks give clues to the existence of territories that have disappeared from the present-day level of observation and impose constraints on the kinematics of early folding and embryonic nappe emplacement. Tectonics produced several phases of superimposed folds and schistosities, more in the metasediments than in the gneissic basement. Older deformations that predate the amplification of the frontal hinge of the nappe generated the dominant schistosity and the km-wide Vanzèla isoclinal fold.

Pupal cocoons affect sanitary brood care and limit fungal infections in ant colonies.

BACKGROUND: The brood of ants and other social insects is highly susceptible to pathogens, particularly those that penetrate the soft larval and pupal cuticle. We here test whether the presence of a pupal cocoon, which occurs in some ant species but not in others, affects the sanitary brood care and fungal infection patterns after exposure to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum. We use a) a comparative approach analysing four species with either naked or cocooned pupae and b) a within-species analysis of a single ant species, in which both pupal types co-exist in the same colony. RESULTS: We found that the presence of a cocoon did not compromise fungal pathogen detection by the ants and that species with cocooned pupae increased brood grooming after pathogen exposure. All tested ant species further removed brood from their nests, which was predominantly expressed towards larvae and naked pupae treated with the live fungal pathogen. In contrast, cocooned pupae exposed to live fungus were not removed at higher rates than cocooned pupae exposed to dead fungus or a sham control. Consistent with this, exposure to the live fungus caused high numbers of infections and fungal outgrowth in larvae and naked pupae, but not in cocooned pupae. Moreover, the ants consistently removed the brood prior to fungal outgrowth, ensuring a clean brood chamber. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the pupal cocoon has a protective effect against fungal infection, causing an adaptive change in sanitary behaviours by the ants. It further demonstrates that brood removal-originally described for honeybees as "hygienic behaviour"-is a widespread sanitary behaviour in ants, which likely has important implications on disease dynamics in social insect colonies.

Acyclic 5-Choosability of Planar Graphs Without Adjacent Short Cycles

The conjecture claiming that every planar graph is acyclic 5-choosable[Borodin et al., 2002] has been verified for several restricted classes of planargraphs. Recently, O. V. Borodin and A. O. Ivanova, [Journal of Graph Theory,68(2), October 2011, 169-176], have shown that a planar graph is acyclically 5-choosable if it does not contain an i-cycle adjacent to a j-cycle, where 3<=j<=5 if i=3 and 4<=j<=6 if i=4. We improve the above mentioned result and prove that every planar graph without an i-cycle adjacent to a j-cycle with3<=j<=5 if i=3 and 4<=j<=5 if i=4 is acyclically 5-choosable.

Does IMF Induce Political Business Cycles? An Empirical Analysis on Latin America's Indebted Countries.

Rapport de recherche

International Business Cycles: What Are the Facts?

Modern business cycle theory involves developing models that explain stylized facts. For this strategy to be successful, these facts should be well established. In this paper, we focus on the stylized facts of international business cycles. We use the generalized method of moments and quarterly data from nineteen industrialized countries to estimate pairwise cross-country and within-country correlations of macroeconomic aggregates. We calculate standard errors of the statistics for our unique panel of data and test hypotheses about the relative sizes of these correlations. We find a lower cross-country correlation of all aggregates and especially of consumption than in previous studies. The cross-country correlations of consumption, output and Solow residuals are not significantly different from one another over the whole sample, but there are significant differences in the post-1973 subsample.

Termes de l'échange endogènes et cycles économiques réels : une application à la Côte-d'Ivoire

À l’aide d’un modèle de cycles réels, la présente étude vise à expliquer, de façon endogène, les fluctuations des termes de l’échange en Côte-d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, nous cherchons principalement à répondre aux deux questions suivantes : les chocs d’offre et de demande sur le marché d’exportation suffisent-ils à expliquer les variations des termes de l’échange? Et quelle est leur importance relative dans la dynamique des termes de l’échange? Les résultats montrent que les deux chocs considérés expliquent bien la volatilité des termes de l’échange. Nous avons noté que ces deux sources d’impulsions ont un impact significatif sur les fluctuations économiques en Côte-d’Ivoire.