996 resultados para Violência contra o Idoso
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Resumen basado en el de las autoras
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Viver mais tempo, é sinónimo de envelhecimento, no entanto a longevidade não é necessariamente uma ameaça ou até mesmo uma fatalidade, é sim uma oportunidade que o Ser Humano tem para viver melhor os momentos que a vida lhe proporciona. Estima-se que, em Portugal, o envelhecimento demográfico tenha aumentado significativamente desde o Século XXI, existindo actualmente uma população idosa (mais de 65 anos) de 19,15% contra uma população jovem (inferior a 14 anos) de 14,89%. Hoje em dia a esperança média de vida é de 79,2 anos (80 anos para as mulheres e 74 anos para os homens). Estima-se que no ano de 2050 a população idosa aumente para 35,72% e a jovem diminua para 14,4%. No entanto, como consequência desse envelhecimento, aumenta a incidência de patologias crónicas, levando a um maior consumo de medicamentos (Polimedicação) e outros cuidados de saúde. É importante que se estabeleçam medidas para que o envelhecimento seja activo, ou seja, para que os idosos de “hoje” sejam activos, tenham plena cidadania, tendo maior segurança, maior participação e melhor qualidade de vida, sendo estas medidas, o maior desafio para a sociedade actual. A seguinte monografia visa abordar todos os conteúdos necessários para obter a informação necessária, de forma a compreender quais as medidas correctas para um acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico do doente idoso eficaz, diminuindo a morbilidade e mortalidade e desta forma aumentar a qualidade de vida na longevidade.
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A violência doméstica em Angola – mormente em Benguela não é um problema novo. Mas nos últimos dez anos, este fenómeno muda de figura, pois, toma um carácter cada vez mais perturbador já que frequentemente resulta em mutilações e não raras vezes em vítimas mortais. Assim, este trabalho de investigação procura esclarecer as causas, os factores sobretudo, os de ordem sociocultural que estejam na base do incremento da violência doméstica no seio familiar nestes últimos anos. Deste modo, este trabalho consiste numa análise sociocultural do problema da violência doméstica em Benguela. E os resultados alcançados nesta investigação revelam que, os factores que estão na base desta alteração comportamental dos elementos da família são: a desagregação da família tradicional, desestruturação socioeconómica das famílias, a desorientação cultural e axiológica - deturpação da escala de valores. Estes factores constituem a consequência do conflito armado que o país viveu durante cerca de três décadas. Por outro lado, emergem outros factores resultantes da dinâmica social como, a modernização da vida social, a emancipação da mulher - sua promoção social e profissional - a influência dos meios de comunicação social e o intercâmbio cultural com vários povos de outras culturas, e ainda outros, como os desajustes de carácter educacional que afecta o pensar e o carácter das novas gerações. Estes factores não são um registo habitual da história deste povo, mas foram favorecidos pelas vicissitudes do tempo. Na verdade, o conflito armado foi o principal responsável na destruição dos valores que serviam de base a boa convivência dos elementos das famílias angolanas. Pois, deturpou a escala de valores, deixou sequelas de vária ordem o que resulta em frustrações que frequentemente desorientam a reflexão crítica perante os problemas quotidianos, criando assim comportamentos violentos. Desta feita, esta investigação com os conhecimentos que traz á luz, constitui uma contribuição para o ponto de partida para a tomada de medidas por quem é de direito para lutar contra este flagelo, que é na realidade um mal social.
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Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo exploratório que utilizou uma abordagem combinada quantitativa e qualitativa para caracterizar as famílias de crianças em situação de violência intrafamiliar, atendidas pela “Equipe de Proteção às Crianças Vítimas de Maus-tratos e Violência Sexual”, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), no ano de 1999. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um roteiro estruturado elaborado pela pesquisadora, constituído de quatro dimensões pré-estabelecidos – sócioeconômica, estrutura e funcionamento familiar, situação atual do abuso do contexto familiar e história pregressa da família – preenchido através dos prontuários e protocolos das crianças atendidas no HCPA. Os dados quantificáveis foram analisados com auxílio da estatística descritiva, e os qualitativos pelo método de análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin (2000). Assim formaram sete categorias: organização familiar, relacionamento familiar, percepção dos adultos sobre a criança vítima de violência, justificativas de utilização da violência, ações maternas frente à violência, motivos da procura do serviço de saúde e a trajetória da família na instituição hospitalar. A maioria das famílias pesquisadas possuíam precária inserção sócioeconômica com baixo nível de escolaridade, desempregadas, inseridas no mercado formal e/ou informal. Eram predominantes da região central de Porto Alegre, demonstrando uma diversidade de arranjos e fragilidade nas relações familiares, com confusão de papéis e disputa de autoridade. Algumas famílias registraram ausência da figura paterna Características importantes constatadas entre os adultos: progenitores adolescentes, jovens, vivendo responsabilidade de adulto, o elevado padrão do uso abusivo de drogas, presença de aleitamento materno e gravidez não desejada. Houve um predomínio de negligência em relação a outras formas de violência praticadas, sendo que o ato violento foi cometido de forma intencional, mas o agressor não apresentava justificativa para o fato. A mãe configurou-se como a maior agressora e, simultaneamente, a principal cuidadora da criança. Nesse estudo, a criança mais atingida foi a do sexo masculino, raça branca, evidenciando lesão e apresentando longo período de convivência com o agressor que sempre era alguém muito próximo a ela. As famílias envolvidas procuraram atendimento de forma espontânea, mas a queixa de violência estava implícita. A pesquisa permitiu contextualizar a violência como social e histórica, presente em larga escala na sociedade brasileira uma sociedade desigual na qual se pratica violência dentro da família contra a criança, legitimando uma forma de poder estruturante nas relações sociais e na interação com fatores individuais econômicos e culturais. Assim, verificou-se a fundamental importância da atuação do enfermeiro no enfrentamento da problemática questão da violência intrafamiliar contra a criança.
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Sabe-se que a violência se propaga no mundo como um verdadeiro flagelo social e provoca impactos em todos os campos, sobremaneira, em instituições como a educação. O embate com a violência não é prerrogativa da escola pública brasileira. Entretanto, considero que esta, além de configurar-se como um espaço privilegiado de escolarização para todos, é um dos campos do socius que fica atravessado pela violência como uma contra-força. Em função deste atributo que lhe é peculiar e deste lugar no qual atuo como pedagoga, pergunto sobre como entender os sujeitos do processo educativo. Este estudo, cujo foco são os processos de subjetivação docente a par dos efeitos da violência que se manifesta em ambiente escolar, advém da necessidade de compreender a complexidade do que se passa no interior da escola, mais especificamente com os professores. É fruto também da proposição utópica de corroborar a promoção das formas de superação disto, que se conforma como algo impeditivo das relações entre o ensinar e o aprender e da realização do que de mais importante podem os homens viver: a sua humanização. Diante do desafio de examinar os efeitos que a violência suscita e provoca nos processos de subjetivação dos professores na escola de educação básica, empreendi este trabalho tendo como referência basicamente as obras de Bernard Charlot, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Busquei nestes intercessores teóricos, bem como em outros, as ferramentas epistemológicas para compor o estudo e consolidar a aprendizagem da pesquisa nos domínios da Psicologia Social e Institucional Deparei-me com uma matéria tão incorpórea e densa, que comporta os princípios da multiplicidade, da heterogeneidade, da insubordinação, que, para apreendê-la, adotei a cartografia como um recurso do método empírico-especulativo, a fim de desvelar a natureza de um corpo coletivo que concentra a reciprocidade entre sujeitos e objetos, individualidades e organização, forças e fluxos.
Associação entre a vacina contra influenza e a prevenção de pneumonias em idosos, Porto Alegre, 2004
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Nós investigamos os fatores associados à violência escolar, a partir de um rico banco de dados inédito de registros de ocorrências escolares. Os crimes de furtos e roubos de bens e contra a pessoa, cometidos geralmente por agentes externos à escola, são explicados pelas condições socioeconômicas do entorno e pela riqueza disponível nas escolas. Já os atos violentos tipicamente cometidos por alunos – depredação, vandalismo, ameaças e agressões físicas e verbais – são explicados pela composição demográfica do corpo discente e pelo seu background familiar. Nós ainda apontamos dois efeitos ainda não investigados na literatura. O primeiro refere-se à qualidade do professor: a sua habilidade em estabelecer um bom relacionamento com os estudantes seria capaz de inibir o engajamento dos mesmos em atos violentos. Já o segundo fator mostra que a importância que os pais dão para os estudos e a parceria da família com a escola na formação dos estudantes também atuam positivamente sobre o bom comportamento de crianças e jovens.
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The work that follows has as its main objective the analysis of the discourse of media, with emphasis on newspapers printed on acts and events involving young offenders. The speech adopted by columnists of newspapers, based on formulas and journalistic practices exist, allows the reader a view of what happened in detail. But this wealth of information, contradictorily, it seems not permit, much less to encourage reflection on the what is being read. All information contained in narrative journalism seem to point to the establishment of maintenance of speech reinante of violence and repression against young offenders, from, and generally in the vast majority of cases, from poor neighborhoods and suburbs of large cities. The whole range of such important issues directly related to violence committed by these young people does not appear, does not appear in the text journalism. Words such as "marginal", "square" reinforce prejudices, stigmas against the youth, putting the company on constant alert against such "criminals", "malandros." The result of the survey was partial, but can conclude about the importance of the media against those social phenomena that amedrontam the society at present
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This work considers the comprehension of the intrafamiliar violence emphasizing violent mothers relationships with their children. The purpose is to understand the development of these relationships which turn into aggressive behavior of the mothers regarding family education. The research was carried out focusing on two aspects: analysis of the theoretical references and empirical research. The theoretical research was done through a bibliographic survey of subjects related to this study such as: the history of the family, motherhood and children, the intrafamiliar violence practiced by mothers against their children; as well as how those violent relationships emerge from family environment. We point out the Foucault s concept of discipline (FOUCAULT, 1975) and Caldeira s concept of circumscribed body (CALDEIRA, 2000). It was selected a sample of ten women to investigate the relationship between mother and son through a detailed interviews. Five mothers from this sample were denounced to the Tutelary Council and they were set in a so called Denounced Group. Similarly, the other five mothers, who live in the same social and cultural context of the selected families assisted by the Tutelary Council, were set in the Non-Denounced Group. Therefore, we work with representations of the own interviewers about the meaning of the pedagogic socializing discipline in their lives. Our priority was the study of case carried out with the denounced families for physical violence and with the other group in order to develop a comparative analysis of both groups. Such methodological choice is explained by the interest for understanding the violence between mothers and children. It is common to all mothers not to consider aggressive their behavior against their children. We observe that physical punishment is considered a way to discipline children and teenagers, hence that is perceived as necessary to repress, to control, and to adapt them. Thus, it is considered a necessary practice for education. However, the reason that made the community denounced against the mothers of the Denounced Group was due to those did not correspond to an ideal example of what was expected to be a mother (they took drugs, alcohol, and had several sexual partners), that is denounces were not for the physical violence itself. Therefore, those mothers were not denounced because they were not morally able to manage their children s education. The community tolerates the punishment against children, but not the amorality of the women, and they were denounced for disregarding their role as mothers
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The birth models of care are discussed, in the light of classical and contemporary social science theoretical background, emphasizing the humanistic model. The double spiral of the sociology of absences and the sociology of emergences is detailed, being based, on one hand, on the translation of experiences of knowledge, and, on the other, on the translation of experiences of information and communication, by revealing the movement articulated by Brazilian women on blogs that defend and bring into light initiatives aiming to recover natural and humanized birth. A cartography of the thematic ideas in birth literature is produced, resulting in the elaboration of a synthetic map on obstetric models of care in contemporaneity, pointing out the consequences of the obstetric model that has become hegemonic in contemporary societies, and comparing that model to others that work more efficaciously to mothers and babies. A symbolic cartography of the activism for humanizing birth on the Brazilian blogosphere is configured by the elaboration of an analytical map synthetizing the main mottos defended by the movement: Normal humanized birth; Against obstetrical violence; and Planned home birth. The superposition of the obstetric models of care s map and the rebirth of birth s analytical map indicates it is necessary to reinforce three main measures in order to make a paradigmatic turn in contemporary birth models of care possible: pave the way for the humanistic care of assistance in normal birth, by defending and highlighting practices and professionals that act in compliance with evidence based medicine, respecting the physiology of birth; denaturalize obstetric violence, by showing how routine procedures and interventions can be means of aggression, jeopardizing the autonomy, the protagonism and the respect towards women; and motivate initiatives of planned home birth, the best place for the occurrence of holistic experiences of birth. It is concluded that Internet tools have allowed a pioneer mobilization in respecting women s reproductive rights in Brazil and that the potential of the crowd s biopower that resides on the blogosphere can turn blogs into a hegemonic alternative way to reach more democratic forms of social organization. In that condition of being virtually hegemonic in contesting the established power, these blogs can be understood, therefore, as potentially great contra-hegemonic channels for the rebirth of birth and for the reinvention of social emancipation, as their author s articulate and organize themselves to strive against the waste of experience, trying to create reciprocal intelligibility amongst different experiences of world
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The purpose of this work is to map the family and community social supports for adolescents and young students from Bom Pastor Distric, West Zone of Natal/RN, as well as to describe how such resources are used by these individuaIs in that community. Social support refers not only to formal activities or organizations, but also to spontaneous or informal forms of support - friendship and solidarity nets available in the community, affective relations that are meaningful in the lives of children and young people. Our discussion is based on a research performed with 382 adolescents and young students from Jean Mermoz Public School (students from 5th to 11th grades, aged 13 to 14). We emphasized the situations of violence derived from family or community spheres faced by these students. In relation to this specific aspect, we observed the participants more frequently look for help from the informal social supports, mostly from their friends, which indicates that the formal ones are not considered to be effective instruments for social assistance. The search for informal social supports shows the relations informally established in the streets (for instance when they look for help from friends, rei atives or neighbors) have more effect and play an important role in which there are values and affections exchange. Thinking the strengthening of these social links is of extreme importance and leads to the weakening of the hegemonic logics focused on the production of subjects as private identities, and to the amplification of an ethics committed to the disassembly of a sociability anchored to fear, impotence, intolerance, discrimination, and reduction of spaces for circulating and confronting mechanisms of social exclusion. It is crucial that we concentrate our attention to building friendship as a system of reciprocity and affective exchanges, as a space for political actions and production of forms of lives that are potent against social anesthesia
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The present study aims to meet the attention given to women with mental health needs in specialized services for the fight against violence against women, as well as psychosocial care network in the municipality of NatalRN. It is a qualitative research characterized as research-intervention that took place in the year 2011. The study started in the Centre of Reference in which individual semi-structured interviews were carried out directed to the coaching staff and manager, in order to know the care offered in relation to the aforementioned clientele. From the Reference Centre were identified through analysis of registration records, the routes traversed by users through the network of psychosocial care and hospital network. After the identification of the same were visited two day-care Centers, two psychiatric hospitals, a basic health Unit and the local shelter. In these organizations was investigated the reception and procedures offered to users in situations of violence, the knowledge of policies for women and the coordination with the attention to women, through interviews with semi-structured individual scripts directed to professionals. The interviews were analyzed taking as starting point the theoretical framework of French Institutional Analysis, which includes the assumption of events analysers for the critical reading of dimensions introduced in the practices of care of the teams that took part in the study. The survey results revealed difficulties on the part of the same host of users with this profile, both in the face of violence as services in mental health services. This fact led to the lack of support under the guarantee of their rights, ceasing the possibilities of confronting the situations of violence, as well as in the context of mental health care
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Analyze the problem of sexual violence suffered by children and adolescents in the city of Natal / Rio Grande do Norte (RN), attended by the Programa Sentinela, a service aimed at combating sexual violence children and teenagers who serves on the council of Natal. Thus aims to review the implementation of the Programa Sentinela in Natal / RN, in the period 2001 to 2006, verifying that the program has contributed to the access of children and adolescents who are victims of abuse and sexual exploitation to fundamental rights under the Statute Children and adolescents (ECA) and the Local Plan and the National gainst Infanto-Youth Sexual Violence. It has a theoretical and methodological approach quantitative and qualitative, covering the issue of sexual violence against children and adolescents, as one of the expressions of economic relationships, gender, race and culture that make up the material and symbolic structure of society. It methodological procedure: review of literature on the subject and conducting interviews with professionals and families of children and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Investigate as the unit of analysis the Sentinel Program. The analysis on the governmental actions of this period on this social problem points to the continuity and little change in the care of victims of sexual violence: despite maintain features and palliative assistencialistas, favoring the "Network of Sexual Tourism", go through some innovations in terms of securing rights from the ECA, which is the need for transparency and democratization in the management of government policies. In research undertaken, Brazil will only be combating this type of crime when each of the social actors are actually doing their share, down taboos, facing corruption and strengthening a system of guarantee of rights, which target children and adolescents are unprotected, and often ignored by Brazilian society
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This work discourses about the child and adolescent s Guaranty System of Rights (GSR), on the intervention in cases of juvenile domestic sexual violence, in Recife. The course (trajectory) is analyzed, where circulate cases of sexual violence, until its resolution, in (GSR). Actually, the violence represents a serious problem of public health. Was thought about the difficulties and the limits that make GSR become a full field of contradictions and challenges for the effectiveness of the children and adolescents rights. Therefore, it was verified the treatments that are developed by GSR, how this system is structured and articulated and how occurs the resolution of the sexual violence cases against children and adolescents. Proceedings of the quantitative and qualitative research were used, was done observation, directed interview and analysis of documents. Thus, the field research was the visits in these institutions: Restauração Hospital, Police Management of the Child and Adolescent (PMCA) three Guardianship Councils, Dom Helder Camara Center of Studies and Social Action (CENDHEC) and the Tribunal of Childhood and Adolescence. The research subjects were seven professionals of GSR. The theoretical discussion is guided in reflections about the children and youth rights, in the violence theme and in the construction and institutionalization process of GSR. In this experiment, was noticed there are many difficulties for working together the GSR, because many obstacles are found when we call the responsible institutions, besides some violence cases happen again. This system is not totally institutionalized and articulated, faces structural problems, material, poorly qualified professionals, underinvestment, low transfer of public resources, among other difficulties, causing many losses in the implementation of public policies that enforce secured rights by legislation