Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 mediates vascular repair by enhancing nitric oxide generation

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 modulates vascular development by regulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) behavior, specifically stimulating EPC cell migration. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of IGFBP-3 effects on EPC function and how IGFBP-3 mediates cytoprotection following vascular injury.

An optimisation of Gaussian mixture models for integer processing units

This paper investigates sub-integer implementations of the adaptive Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for background/foreground segmentation to allow the deployment of the method on low cost/low power processors that lack Floating Point Unit (FPU). We propose two novel integer computer arithmetic techniques to update Gaussian parameters. Specifically, the mean value and the variance of each Gaussian are updated by a redefined and generalised "round'' operation that emulates the original updating rules for a large set of learning rates. Weights are represented by counters that are updated following stochastic rules to allow a wider range of learning rates and the weight trend is approximated by a line or a staircase. We demonstrate that the memory footprint and computational cost of GMM are significantly reduced, without significantly affecting the performance of background/foreground segmentation.

Sher 25: pulsating but apparently alone

The blue supergiant Sher 25 is surrounded by an asymmetric, hourglass-shaped circumstellar nebula, which shows similarities to the triple-ring structure seen around SN 1987A. From optical spectroscopy over six consecutive nights, we detect periodic radial velocity variations in the stellar spectrum of Sher 25 with a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~ 12 km s^-1 on a time-scale of about 6 d, confirming the tentative detection of similar variations by Hendry et al. From consideration of the amplitude and time-scale of the signal, coupled with observed line profile variations, we propose that the physical origin of these variations is related to pulsations in the stellar atmosphere, rejecting the previous hypothesis of a massive, short-period binary companion. The radial velocities of two other blue supergiants with similar bipolar nebulae, SBW1 and HD 168625, were also monitored over the course of six nights, but these did not display any significant radial velocity variations. 

Ecology of aspergillosis: insights into the pathogenic potency of Aspergillus fumigatus and some other Aspergillus species

Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are widespread in the environment. Some Aspergillus species, most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus, may lead to a variety of allergic reactions and life-threatening systemic infections in humans. Invasive aspergillosis occurs primarily in patients with severe immunodeficiency, and has dramatically increased in recent years. There are several factors at play that contribute to aspergillosis, including both fungus and host-related factors such as strain virulence and host pulmonary structure/immune status, respectively. The environmental tenacity of Aspergilllus, its dominance in diverse microbial communities/habitats, and its ability to navigate the ecophysiological and biophysical challenges of host infection are attributable, in large part, to a robust stress-tolerance biology and exceptional capacity to generate cell-available energy. Aspects of its stress metabolism, ecology, interactions with diverse animal hosts, clinical presentations and treatment regimens have been well-studied over the past years. Here, we synthesize these findings in relation to the way in which some Aspergillus species have become successful opportunistic pathogens of human- and other animal hosts. We focus on the biophysical capabilities of Aspergillus pathogens, key aspects of their ecophysiology and the flexibility to undergo a sexual cycle or form cryptic species. Additionally, recent advances in diagnosis of the disease are discussed as well as implications in relation to questions that have yet to be resolved.

peouenosfrutos 17 pós-colheita Conservação de Morangos com utilização de Óleos Essenciais

Nos últimos anos, a cultura do morango tem vindo a assumir uma maior importância devido ao seu potencial de exportação e à elevada procura que se verifica, mas a sua curta vida útil dificulta a sua comercialização.

Estudo e aplicação de amplificadores ópticos para suporte a redes banda larga

Esta tese tem como foco principal a análise dos principais tipos de amplificação óptica e algumas de suas aplicações em sistemas de comunicação óptica. Para cada uma das tecnologias abordadas, procurou-se definir o estado da arte bem como identificar as oportunidades de desenvolvimento científico relacionadas. Os amplificadores para os quais foi dirigido alguma atenção neste documento foram os amplificadores em fibra dopada com Érbio (EDFA), os amplificadores a semicondutor (SOA) e os amplificadores de Raman (RA). Este trabalho iniciou-se com o estudo e análise dos EDFA’s. Dado o interesse científico e económico que estes amplificadores têm merecido, apenas poucos nichos de investigação estão ainda em aberto. Dentro destes, focá-mo-nos na análise de diferentes perfis de fibra óptica dopada de forma a conseguir uma optimização do desempenho dessas fibras como sistemas de amplificação. Considerando a fase anterior do trabalho como uma base de modelização para sistemas de amplificação com base em fibra e dopantes, evoluiu-se para amplificadores dopados mas em guias de onda (EDWA). Este tipo de amplificador tenta reduzir o volume físico destes dispositivos, mantendo as suas características principais. Para se ter uma forma de comparação de desempenho deste tipo de amplificador com os amplificadores em fibra, foram desenvolvidos modelos de caixa preta (BBM) e os seus parâmetros afinados por forma a termos uma boa modelização e posterior uso deste tipo de amplificiadores em setups de simulação mais complexos. Depois de modelizados e compreendidos os processo em amplificadores dopados, e com vista a adquirir uma visão global comparativa, foi imperativo passar pelo estudo dos processos de amplificação paramétrica de Raman. Esse tipo de amplificação, sendo inerente, ocorre em todas as bandas de propagação em fibra e é bastante flexível. Estes amplificadores foram inicialmente modelizados, e algumas de suas aplicações em redes passivas de acesso foram estudadas. Em especial uma série de requisitos, como por exemplo, a gama de comprimentos de onda sobre os quais existem amplificação e os altos débitos de perdas de inserção, nos levaram à investigação de um processo de amplificação que se ajustasse a eles, especialmente para buscar maiores capacidades de amplificação (nomeadamente longos alcances – superiores a 100 km – e altas razões de divisão – 1:512). Outro processo investigado foi a possibilidade de flexibilização dos parâmetros de comprimento de onda de ganho sem ter que mudar as caractísticas da bomba e se possível, mantendo toda a referenciação no transmissor. Este processo baseou-se na técnica de clamping de ganho já bastante estudada, mas com algumas modificações importantes, nomeadamente a nível do esquema (reflexão apenas num dos extremos) e da modelização do processo. O processo resultante foi inovador pelo recurso a espalhamentos de Rayleigh e Raman e o uso de um reflector de apenas um dos lados para obtenção de laser. Este processo foi modelizado através das equações de propagação e optimizado, tendo sido demonstrado experimentalmente e validado para diferentes tipos de fibras. Nesta linha, e dada a versatilidade do modelo desenvolvido, foi apresentada uma aplicação mais avançada para este tipo de amplificadores. Fazendo uso da sua resposta ultra rápida, foi proposto e analisado um regenerador 2R e analisada por simulação a sua gama de aplicação tendo em vista a sua aplicação sistémica. A parte final deste trabalho concentrou-se nos amplificadores a semiconductor (SOA). Para este tipo de amplificador, os esforços foram postos mais a nível de aplicação do que a nível de sua modelização. As aplicações principais para estes amplificadores foram baseadas em clamping óptico do ganho, visando a combinação de funções lógicas essenciais para a concepção de um latch óptico com base em componentes discretos. Assim, com base num chip de ganho, foi obtido uma porta lógica NOT, a qual foi caracterizada e demonstrada experimentalmente. Esta foi ainda introduzida num esquema de latching de forma a produzir um bi-estável totalmente óptico, o qual também foi demonstrado e caracterizado. Este trabalho é finalizado com uma conclusão geral relatando os subsistemas de amplificação e suas aplicacações.

Soil erosion mitigation following forest wildfires

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of four post-fire emergency techniques for reducing overland flow and soil erosion on the central-Portugal typical forest. The selection and development of these techniques was based on the review of the scientific background, but specially after checking throughout field rainfall simulation experiments which factors were the key for runoff and soil erosion on the specific case of high repellent soils. The forest residue mulch, a new treatment never tested before, was highly effective in reducing runoff and soil erosion in recently burnt eucalypt forest. The logging slash mulch had no obvious effect, but it was attributed to the small amounts of runoff and sediments that the untreated plots produced due to the extensive needle cast following a low severity fire. The hydromulch, a mixture of water, organic fibres, seeds, nutrients and a surfactant used in cutted slopes rehabilitation was also highly successful and was specially indicated for especially sensible areas. The utilization of polyacrylamides, a chemical agent with good performance in agricultural erosion, was not successful in post-fire runoff and soil erosion control, once that did not alter the most important key factor for soil erosion: the ground cover. The development of a new fibre optic turbidity sensor was a successful development on the soil erosion determination methodology, and its patent is being processed in the mean time.

Da Ideia ao Mercado: um caminho desenvolvido por meio de mapas conceituais para difundir a cultura da inovação e induzir sua gestão

This thesis objective is to build a cognitive model focused on the diffusion of innovation management and its culture, where the sharing method will be the concept maps. For that construction, in addition to detailing the method, will be also presented the bases of knowledge that served to construct the model. Those bases were built through literature survey that will be also presented. This sharing proposition, proposes to strictly use concept maps instead of texts and the non-hierarchical knowledge construction. Besides the introduction of these guidelines, a navigation tool modeled based on conceptual mapping where the user choices, or better explaining, the user’s possibility to opt, or not, for a certain way, will be based on their own knowledge basis and forward thinking.

VISIR deployment in undergraduate engineering practices

Practical sessions are the backbone of qualification in engineering education. It leads to a better understanding and allows mastering scientific concepts and theories. The lack of the availability of practical sessions at many universities and institutions owing to the cost and the unavailability of instructors the most of the time caused a significant decline in experimentation in engineering education over the last decades. Recently, with the progress of computer-based learning, remote laboratories have been proven to be the best alternative to the traditional ones, regarding to its low cost and ubiquity. Some universities have already started to deploy remote labs in their practical sessions. This contribution compiles diverse experiences based on the deployment of the remote laboratory, Virtual Instrument Systems in Reality (VISIR), on the practices of undergraduate engineering grades at various universities within the VISIR community. It aims to show the impact of its usage on engineering education concerning the assessments of students and teachers as well.

O PNPOT e o PROT Algarve no planeamento e ordenamento do municipio de Lagos

Relatório de Estágio de Mestrado em Gestão do Território

Transgenerational Inheritance of Paternal Neurobehavioral Phenotypes: Stress, Addiction, Ageing and Metabolism

Epigenetic modulation is found to get involved in multiple neurobehavioral processes. It is believed that different types of environmental stimuli could alter the epigenome of the whole brain or related neural circuits, subsequently contributing to the long-lasting neural plasticity of certain behavioral phenotypes. While the maternal influence on the health of offsprings has been long recognized, recent findings highlight an alternative way for neurobehavioral phenotypes to be passed on to the next generation, i.e., through the male germ line. In this review, we focus specifically on the transgenerational modulation induced by environmental stress, drugs of abuse, and other physical or mental changes (e.g., ageing, metabolism, fear) in fathers, and recapitulate the underlying mechanisms potentially mediating the alterations in epigenome or gene expression of offsprings. Together, these findings suggest that the inheritance of phenotypic traits through male germ-line epigenome may represent the unique manner of adaptation during evolution. Hence, more attention should be paid to the paternal health, given its equivalently important role in affecting neurobehaviors of descendants.

Activity-Dependent Neurorehabilitation Beyond Physical Trainings: "Mental Exercise" Through Mirror Neuron Activation

The activity dependent brain repair mechanism has been widely adopted in many types of neurorehabilitation. The activity leads to target specific and non-specific beneficial effects in different brain regions, such as the releasing of neurotrophic factors, modulation of the cytokines and generation of new neurons in adult hood. However physical exercise program clinically are limited to some of the patients with preserved motor functions; while many patients suffered from paralysis cannot make such efforts. Here the authors proposed the employment of mirror neurons system in promoting brain rehabilitation by "observation based stimulation". Mirror neuron system has been considered as an important basis for action understanding and learning by mimicking others. During the action observation, mirror neuron system mediated the direct activation of the same group of motor neurons that are responsible for the observed action. The effect is clear, direct, specific and evolutionarily conserved. Moreover, recent evidences hinted for the beneficial effects on stroke patients after mirror neuron system activation therapy. Finally some music-relevant therapies were proposed to be related with mirror neuron system.

Comprehensive treatments for social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: A critical review and effect-size analysis of controlled studies

Recent advances in psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia have targeted social cognitive deficits. A critical literature review and effect-size (ES) analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of comprehensive programs of social cognitive training in schizophrenia. Results revealed 16 controlled studies consisting of seven models of comprehensive treatment with only three of these treatment models investigated in more than one study. The effects of social cognitive training were reported in 11/15 studies that included facial affect recognition skills (ES=.84) and 10/13 studies that included theory-of-mind (ES=.70) as outcomes. Less than half (4/9) of studies that measured attributional style as an outcome reported effects of treatment, but effect sizes across studies were significant (ESs=.30-.52). The effect sizes for symptoms were modest, but, with the exception of positive symptoms, significant (ESs=.32-.40). The majority of trials were randomized (13/16), selected active control conditions (11/16) and included at least 30 participants (12/16). Concerns for this area of research include the absence of blinded outcome raters in more than 50% of trials and low rates of utilization of procedures for maintaining treatment fidelity. These findings provide preliminary support for the broader use of comprehensive social cognitive training procedures as a psychosocial intervention for schizophrenia.