Las competencias y/o capacidades básicas

A l’article que presento pareix que l’Administració educativa fos la culpable de certes concepcions errònies dels docents, i en part és així. Per exemple, l’Administració manté creences que han desaparegut per considerar la investigació que en són inadequades. Entre les noves funcions fomentades per l’investigació educativa i que no es posen mai en funcionament es citen: els estils cognitius que apareixen a mitjans dels seixanta, la modificabilitat cognitiva amb unes pautes d’actuació molt estrictes a l’hora d’aplicar els instruments que les desenvolupen i en conseqüència es divideix al màxim el problema a resoldre. La conversació exploratòria i amb ella, la presència del llibre de text (com a tal) desapareix i dona lloc al llibre de consulta i la comprensió lectora que sense els elements abans esmentats no es dona i és el centre de tot l’aprenentatge. La proposta que present a l’article té un repte: les mesures dels exercicis són més complexes (no paramètriques) i no es poden reflectir tan fàcilment.

Les Vies verdes del Vallès

En un moment en que Catalunya i, sobretot, la regió metropolitana de Barcelona, experimenta un procés d'ocupació del territori sense precedents, es especialment important avançar en l'estudi dels possibles connectors existents, el seu reconeixement i la seva delimitació en el planejament territorial, El 13 de juliol de 2004 es va signar i fer públic el Manifest de Sant Celoni pel reconeixement de les vies verdes del Vallès. En aquest manifest es demana, entre altres mesures, el reconeixement i la delimitació en el planejament territorial de 7 grans vies verdes: Obac-Olorda, Sant Llorenç-Collserola, Farell-Marina, Gallifa-Gallecs, Tagamanent-Cellecs, Calma-Corredor, Montseny-Montnegre. Totes aquestes vies exerceixen funcions de connexió ecològica i paisatgística entre les serralades Litoral i Prelitoral i, juntament amb altres espais menys urbanitzats que hi ha al peu de la serralada Prelitoral, integren el sistema d'espais oberts del Vallès. Aquesta ponència presenta, en primer lloc, el marc conceptual on s'inscriu el concepte via verda. En segon lloc, explica els principals antecedents en relació amb les vies verdes del Vallès que apareixen en el Manifest de Sant Celoni, i, finalment l’encaix de les vies verdes del Vallès en el planejament territorial de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona, així com les principals línies estratègiques que es podrien seguir per convertir-les en una realitat

Estudi de la viabilitat d'incorporar la figura del/de la psicopedagog/a al CAS Teresa Ferrer

Anàlisi de funcionament del Centre d’Atenció i Seguiment de drogodependents (CAS) Teresa Ferrer), i posterior proposta de viabilitat per incorporar la figura del/de la psicopedagog/a en un centre com aquest. Es busca un suport legal que ho recolzi, i es fa una exposició de totes les funcions que podria assolir aquest nou professional, incloent-hi les que actualment ja es duen a terme i altres que es podrien realitzar

Guia per a l'adaptació a l'espai europeu d'educació superior: 9. Fer docència a la UdG

La docència és una de les principals funcions de la universitat. Se situa just al costat de la recerca, amb la qual forma un conjunt simbiòtic que cal entendre com a tal en el desenvolupament de l’una i de l’altra. A la Universitat de Girona s’entén que l’exercici de la docència és responsabilitat del professorat, que, amb la seva expertesa i la seva professionalitat, busca en tot moment la millor manera d’aconseguir bons aprenentatges per als estudiants. Tot i això, la UdG, especialment arran de la creació de l’espai europeu d’educació superior, s’ha dotat d’un conjunt de definicions, procediments i eines de suport per al personal docent que, a més de facilitar la docència, els proporciona un segell propi, sempre amb el respecte a la iniciativa docent del professorat. Aquest quadern és la presentació d’aquestes definicions, procediments i eines, alhora que vol ser una breu guia de la UdG per al professorat que hi entra a treballar de bell nou

Fronts from complex two-dimensional dispersal kernels: theory and application to Reid's paradox

Bimodal dispersal probability distributions with characteristic distances differing by several orders of magnitude have been derived and favorably compared to observations by Nathan [Nature (London) 418, 409 (2002)]. For such bimodal kernels, we show that two-dimensional molecular dynamics computer simulations are unable to yield accurate front speeds. Analytically, the usual continuous-space random walks (CSRWs) are applied to two dimensions. We also introduce discrete-space random walks and use them to check the CSRW results (because of the inefficiency of the numerical simulations). The physical results reported are shown to predict front speeds high enough to possibly explain Reid's paradox of rapid tree migration. We also show that, for a time-ordered evolution equation, fronts are always slower in two dimensions than in one dimension and that this difference is important both for unimodal and for bimodal kernels

Negative Fukui functions: new insights based on electronegativity equalization

The occurrence of negative values for Fukui functions was studied through the electronegativity equalization method. Using algebraic relations between Fukui functions and different other conceptual DFT quantities on the one hand and the hardness matrix on the other hand, expressions were obtained for Fukui functions for several archetypical small molecules. Based on EEM calculations for large molecular sets, no negative Fukui functions were found

Critical thoughts on computing atom condensed Fukui functions

Different procedures to obtain atom condensed Fukui functions are described. It is shown how the resulting values may differ depending on the exact approach to atom condensed Fukui functions. The condensed Fukui function can be computed using either the fragment of molecular response approach or the response of molecular fragment approach. The two approaches are nonequivalent; only the latter approach corresponds in general with a population difference expression. The Mulliken approach does not depend on the approach taken but has some computational drawbacks. The different resulting expressions are tested for a wide set of molecules. In practice one must make seemingly arbitrary choices about how to compute condensed Fukui functions, which suggests questioning the role of these indicators in conceptual density-functional theory

Select-divide-and-conquer method for large-scale configuration interaction

A select-divide-and-conquer variational method to approximate configuration interaction (CI) is presented. Given an orthonormal set made up of occupied orbitals (Hartree-Fock or similar) and suitable correlation orbitals (natural or localized orbitals), a large N-electron target space S is split into subspaces S0,S1,S2,...,SR. S0, of dimension d0, contains all configurations K with attributes (energy contributions, etc.) above thresholds T0={T0egy, T0etc.}; the CI coefficients in S0 remain always free to vary. S1 accommodates KS with attributes above T1≤T0. An eigenproblem of dimension d0+d1 for S0+S 1 is solved first, after which the last d1 rows and columns are contracted into a single row and column, thus freezing the last d1 CI coefficients hereinafter. The process is repeated with successive Sj(j≥2) chosen so that corresponding CI matrices fit random access memory (RAM). Davidson's eigensolver is used R times. The final energy eigenvalue (lowest or excited one) is always above the corresponding exact eigenvalue in S. Threshold values {Tj;j=0, 1, 2,...,R} regulate accuracy; for large-dimensional S, high accuracy requires S 0+S1 to be solved outside RAM. From there on, however, usually a few Davidson iterations in RAM are needed for each step, so that Hamiltonian matrix-element evaluation becomes rate determining. One μhartree accuracy is achieved for an eigenproblem of order 24 × 106, involving 1.2 × 1012 nonzero matrix elements, and 8.4×109 Slater determinants

Linear response functions for a vibrational configuration interaction state

Linear response functions are implemented for a vibrational configuration interaction state allowing accurate analytical calculations of pure vibrational contributions to dynamical polarizabilities. Sample calculations are presented for the pure vibrational contributions to the polarizabilities of water and formaldehyde. We discuss the convergence of the results with respect to various details of the vibrational wave function description as well as the potential and property surfaces. We also analyze the frequency dependence of the linear response function and the effect of accounting phenomenologically for the finite lifetime of the excited vibrational states. Finally, we compare the analytical response approach to a sum-over-states approach

Electron localization function at the correlated level

The electron localization function (ELF) has been proven so far a valuable tool to determine the location of electron pairs. Because of that, the ELF has been widely used to understand the nature of the chemical bonding and to discuss the mechanism of chemical reactions. Up to now, most applications of the ELF have been performed with monodeterminantal methods and only few attempts to calculate this function for correlated wave functions have been carried out. Here, a formulation of ELF valid for mono- and multiconfigurational wave functions is given and compared with previous recently reported approaches. The method described does not require the use of the homogeneous electron gas to define the ELF, at variance with the ELF definition given by Becke. The effect of the electron correlation in the ELF, introduced by means of configuration interaction with singles and doubles calculations, is discussed in the light of the results derived from a set of atomic and molecular systems

Effective atomic orbitals for fuzzy atoms

The method of extracting effective atomic orbitals and effective minimal basis sets from molecular wave function characterizing the state of an atom in a molecule is developed in the framework of the "fuzzy" atoms. In all cases studied, there were as many effective orbitals that have considerable occupation numbers as orbitals in the classical minimal basis. That is considered to be of high conceptual importance

Relations among several nuclear and electronic density functional reactivity indexes

A set of connections among several nuclear and electronic indexes of reactivity in the framework of the conceptual Density Functional Theory by using an expansion ofthe energy functional in terms of the total number of electrons and the normal coordinates within a canonical ensemble was derived. The relations obtained provided explicit links between important quantities related to the chemical reactivity of a system. This paper particularly demonstrates that the derivative of the electronic energy with respect to the external potential of a system in its equilibrium geometry was equal to the negative of the nuclear repulsion derivative with respect to the external potential

Estudi de la influència del lubricant en operacions de mecanització

Els processos de mecanitzat amb arrencament de ferritja consisteixen en arrencar contínuament petits fragments de material de la peça a la que es vol donar forma mitjançant les eines de tall. En treballar amb metalls, aquestes forces de tall són importants, i provoquen el desgast de les eines així com un escalfament important de l’eina i la peça. Per aquest motiu s’introdueixen els olis de tall, amb les principals funcions de refrigerar i lubricar. Tradicionalment, aquests olis de tall s’han subministrat a raig, quedant la zona de treball inundada. Els últims anys, degut a les millores tecnològiques i per intentar estalviar amb olis de tall, s’ha ideat un nou sistema anomenat mínima quantitat de lubricant, el qual subministra petites gotes d’oli, no soluble en aigua, dins un flux d’aire a pressió. Aquest sistema, a més, s’injecta prop de la zona de treball, on és estricament necessari. Aquest sistema redueix considerablement el consum d’oli de tall, i a més, augmenta l’eficiència de la lubricació. A part, elimina els posteriors tractaments per reciclar l’oli de tall un cop perd les seves propietats. Per aquest motiu, es pretén estudiar la utilització d’un mètode semblant al de la mínima quantitat de lubricant, subministrant el mateix oli de tall que s’utilitza convencionalment però polvoritzar per tal de convertir-lo en un aerosol

New delay-dependent stability criteria for uncertain neutral systems with mixed time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations

The problem of stability analysis for a class of neutral systems with mixed time-varying neutral, discrete and distributed delays and nonlinear parameter perturbations is addressed. By introducing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and combining the descriptor model transformation, the Leibniz-Newton formula, some free-weighting matrices, and a suitable change of variables, new sufficient conditions are established for the stability of the considered system, which are neutral-delay-dependent, discrete-delay-range dependent, and distributeddelay-dependent. The conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and can be efficiently solved using convex programming techniques. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method

Anisotropic dispersion, space competition, and the slowdown of the Neolithic transition

The front speed of the Neolithic (farmer) spread in Europe decreased as it reached Northern latitudes, where the Mesolithic (huntergatherer) population density was higher. Here, we describe a reaction diffusion model with (i) an anisotropic dispersion kernel depending on the Mesolithic population density gradient and (ii) a modified population growth equation. Both effects are related to the space available for the Neolithic population. The model is able to explain the slowdown of the Neolithic front as observed from archaeological data