Blue-shift photoluminescence from porous InAlAs

A porous InAlAs structure was first obtained by electrochemical etching. Nano-pore arrays were formed when the In0.52Al0.48As membrane was anodized at constant voltages in an HF aqueous solution. These self-assembled structures showed evident blue-shift photoluminescence emissions. While a quantum size effect alone underestimates the blue-shift energy for a sample with a relatively large average pore wall thickness, a novel effect caused by the asymmetric etching is proposed to account for this phenomenon. The results inferred from the x-ray double crystal diffraction are in good agreement with the experimental data.

铵、钾在几种土壤中的固定及铵、钾关系

本文主要研究了实验室条件下NH_4~+和K~+在五种土壤中被矿物质固定的程度及固定过程中的铵、钾关系。0～30天的观测结果表明：83～100％的铵、钾固定发生在2天内，其中铵的固定速度大于钾。在含水量为最大持水量的50％时；施入14.29μMNH_4~+／g烘干土被固定25.0～83.3%，施入同量K~+被固定28.0～67.9%。在固定过程中，铵与钾主要是相互竞争的关系，即双方竞争同一固定位置。在同等条件下，NH_4~+ 的竞争能力比K~+ 强。NH_4~+ 的存在常常妨碍K~+的固定，而K~+的存在往往促进NH_4~+的固定（先施K~+时除外）。将三种2:1型自然土壤中铵、钾固定量与其原有的固定态铵、钾量进行相关分析，初步证明：施入NH_4~+、K~+的固定量与原有的固定态铵、钾量呈极显著的正相关关系，同时也得出：不同矿物对NH_4~+、K~+的“选择性”不同，蛭石对K~+的“选择性”强，而水云母对NH_4~+的“选择性”强。此外，在予备试验中，还对固定态铵的分析测定方法进行了研究与比较，并提出了一种测定固定态铵的新方法－H_2SO_4法。将H_2SO_4法与HF法同时用于12种不同土壤中原有固定态铵的测定。得出：H_2SO_4法测定值显著高于HF法。其原因可能是H_2SO_4法测出了非硅酸盐矿物所固定的铵（用“R-NH_4”表示)，“R-NH_4”在 2:1 型土壤中占全N的0～9.5%。将H_2SO_4法、HF法和 KCl法同时用于观测四种土壤对施入NH_4~+ 的固定。结果表明：三种方法测得的变化趋势大致相同，但测定值高低不同： KCl 法＞HF法≈H_2SO_4法。将三种方法所得结果进行比较研究后，初步证明：(1). "R-NH_4" 在土壤中也存在“固定”与“释放”作用；(2). “NH_4/K”处理所固定的铵比其它处理固定得更牢固。

Shear transformation zone volume determining ductile–brittle transition of bulk metallic glasses

Three-point bending experiments were performed on as-cast and annealed samples of Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 (Vit105) bulk metallic glasses over a wide range of temperatures varying from room temperature (293 K) to liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). The results demonstrated that the free volume decrease due to annealing and/or cryogenic temperature can reduce the propensity for the formation of multiple shear bands and hence deteriorate plastic deformation ability. We clearly observed a sharp ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT), across which microscopic fracture feature transfers from micro-scale vein patterns to nano-scale periodic corrugations. Macroscopically, the corresponding fracture mode changes from ductile shear fracture to brittle tensile fracture. The shear transformation zone volume, taking into account free volume, temperature and strain rate, is proposed to quantitatively characterize the DBT behavior in fracture of metallic glasses.

电化学方法制备Si阵列微孔的工艺研究

对用电化学方法制备Si大孔阵列管坑工艺进行了初步探索。通过对Si在KOH溶液中各向异性湿法蚀刻和在HF酸溶液中的电化学蚀刻过程中各种参数的摸索,确定在室温下制备大孔阵列的最佳配比浓度,蚀刻出符合要求的管坑阵列,为进一步制备结构化闪烁屏奠定了实验基础。

甲基异丁基酮萃取Pa(Ⅴ)的研究

为了快速萃取分离Pa,并了解Pa在水溶液中的化学性质,以甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)为萃取剂,苯为稀释剂,以233Pa为示踪剂,研究了盐酸溶液中Pa(Ⅴ)的萃取行为,讨论了萃取时间、盐酸浓度、萃取剂浓度和HF对萃取Pa(Ⅴ)的影响。结果表明,萃取在10 s内达到平衡,甲基异丁基酮能够从大于8 mol/L的HCl溶液中定量萃取Pa,同时HCl介质中加入少量的HF会严重改变Pa的萃取行为。

14MeV中子反应和远离核研究

指出了中子源的重要性,扼要地说明了加速器中子源的特点。简单地介绍了14 MeV中子引起的核反应,发现了14 MeV中子可以引起重核的奇异(n,2p)反应,并以此为基础,形成了合成和研究重丰中子新核素的一条物理思想和生成、分离鉴别技术路线;先后合成和研究了~(185)Hf、~(237)Th、~(175)Er和~(197)Os等四种重丰中子新核素。

Field emission from the structure of well-aligned TiO2/Ti nanotube arrays

Well-aligned TiO2/Ti nanotube arrays were synthesized by anodic oxidation of titanium foil in 0.5 wt.% HF in various anoclization voltages. The images of filed emission scanning electron microscopy indicate that the nanotubes structure parameters, such as diameter, wall thickness and density, can be controlled by adjusting the anoclization voltage. The peaks at 25.3 degrees and 48.0 degrees of X-ray diffraction pattern illuminate that the TiO2 nanotube arrays annealed at 500 degrees C are mainly in anatase phase. The filed emission (FE) properties of the samples were investigated. A turn-on electric field 7.8 V/mu m, a field enhancement factors approximately 870 and a highest FE current density 3.4 mA/cm(2) were obtained. The emission current (2.3 mA/cm(2) at 18.8 V/mu m) was quite stable within 480 min. The results show that the FE properties of TiO2/Ti have much relation to the structure parameters.

Synthesis and field emission of diamond-like carbon nanorods on TiO2/Ti nanotube arrays

Highly ordered TiO2/Ti nanotube arrays were fabricated by anodic oxidation method in 0.5 wt% HF. Using prepared TiO2/Ti nanotube arrays deposited Ni nanoparticles as substrate, high quality diamond-like carbon nanorods (DLCNRs) were synthesized by a conventional method of chemical vapor deposition at 750 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere. DLCNRs were analyzed by filed emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrometer. It is very interesting that DLCNRs possess pagoda shape with the length of 3-10 mu m. Raman spectra show two strong peaks about 1332 cm (1) and 1598 cm (1), indicating the formation of diamond-like carbon. The field emission measurements suggest that DLCNRs/TiO2/Ti has excellent field emission properties, a low turn-on field about 3.0 V/mu m, no evident decay at 3.4 mA/cm(2) in 480 min. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Gound State Properties of Nuclei in (295)118 alpha-Decay Chain

The properties of nuclei belonging to the alpha-decay chain of superheavy element (295)118 have been studied in the framework of axially deformed relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with the parameter set of NL-Z2 in the blocked BCS approximation. Some ground state properties such as binding energies, deformations, and alpha-decay energies Q(alpha) have been obtained and agree well with those from finite-range droplet model (FRDM). The single-particle spectra of nuclei in (295)118 alpha-decay chain show that the shell gaps present obviously nucleon number dependence. The root-mean-square (rms) radii of proton, neutron and matter distributions change slowly from (283)112 to (295)118 but dramatically from (279)110 to (283)112, which may be due to the subshell closure at Z = 110 in (279)110. The alpha-decay half-lives in (295)118 decay chain are evaluated by employing the cluster model and the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM), and the overall agreement is found when they are compared with the known experimental data. The alpha-decay lifetimes obtained from the cluster model are slightly larger than those of GLDM ones. Finally, we predict the alpha-decay half-lives of Z = 118, 116, 114, 112 isotopes using the cluster model and GLDM, which also indicate these two models can corroborate each other in studies on superheavy nuclei. The results from GLDM are always lower than those obtained from the cluster model.

Branching Ratios of alpha Decay for Nuclei near Deformed Shell Closures

The generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) is extended to the region around deformed shell closure (270)Hs by taking into account the excitation energy EI+ of the residual daughter nucleus and the centrifugal potential energy V-cen(r). The branching ratios of alpha decays from the ground state of a parent nucleus to the ground state 0(+) of its deformed daughter nucleus and to the first excited state 2(+) are calculated in the framework of the GLDM. The results support the proposal that a measurement of alpha spectroscopy is a feasible method to extract information on nuclear deformation of superheavy nuclei around the deformed nucleus (270)Hs.

Theoretical Analysis and New Formulae for Half-Lives of Proton Emission

The proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters are calculated by the cluster model with the contribution of a centrifugal potential barrier considered separately. The results are compared with the experimental data and other theoretical data, and good agreement is found for most nuclei. In addition, two formulae are proposed for the proton decay half-life of spherical proton emitters through the least squares fit to the experimental data available, and could reproduce the experimental half-lives successfully.

Preformation of clusters in heavy nuclei and cluster radioactivity

Within the preformed cluster model approach, the values of the preformation factors have been deduced from the experimental cluster decay half-lives assuming that the decay constant of the heavy-ion emission is the product of the assault frequency, the preformation factor and the penetrability. The law according to which the preformation factors follow a simple dependence on the mass of the cluster was confirmed. Then predictions for some of the most possible cluster decays are provided.

Analytic expressions for alpha particle preformation in heavy nuclei

Experimental alpha decay energies and half-lives are investigated systematically to extract alpha particle preformation in heavy nuclei. Formulas for the preformation factors are proposed that can be used to guide microscopic studies on preformation factors and perform accurate calculations of the alpha decay half-lives. There is little evidence for the existence of an island of long stability of superheavy nuclei.