Traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales, vocales et musicales à la suite d’un traumatisme craniocérébral

Le traitement des émotions joue un rôle essentiel dans les relations interpersonnelles. Des déficits dans la reconnaissance des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales et vocales ont été démontrés à la suite d’un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC). Toutefois, la majorité des études n’ont pas différencié les participants selon le niveau de gravité du TCC et n’ont pas évalué certains préalables essentiels au traitement émotionnel, tels que la capacité à percevoir les caractéristiques faciales et vocales, et par le fait même, la capacité à y porter attention. Aucune étude ne s’est intéressée au traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions musicales, alors que la musique est utilisée comme méthode d’intervention afin de répondre à des besoins de prise en charge comportementale, cognitive ou affective chez des personnes présentant des atteintes neurologiques. Ainsi, on ignore si les effets positifs de l’intervention musicale sont basés sur la préservation de la reconnaissance de certaines catégories d’émotions évoquées par les expressions musicales à la suite d’un TCC. La première étude de cette thèse a évalué la reconnaissance des émotions de base (joie, tristesse, peur) évoquées par les expressions faciales, vocales et musicales chez quarante et un adultes (10 TCC modéré-sévère, 9 TCC léger complexe, 11 TCC léger simple et 11 témoins), à partir de tâches expérimentales et de tâches perceptuelles contrôles. Les résultats suggèrent un déficit de la reconnaissance de la peur évoquée par les expressions faciales à la suite d’un TCC modéré-sévère et d’un TCC léger complexe, comparativement aux personnes avec un TCC léger simple et sans TCC. Le déficit n’est pas expliqué par un trouble perceptuel sous-jacent. Les résultats montrent de plus une préservation de la reconnaissance des émotions évoquées par les expressions vocales et musicales à la suite d’un TCC, indépendamment du niveau de gravité. Enfin, malgré une dissociation observée entre les performances aux tâches de reconnaissance des émotions évoquées par les modalités visuelle et auditive, aucune corrélation n’a été trouvée entre les expressions vocales et musicales. La deuxième étude a mesuré les ondes cérébrales précoces (N1, N170) et plus tardives (N2) de vingt-cinq adultes (10 TCC léger simple, 1 TCC léger complexe, 3 TCC modéré-sévère et 11 témoins), pendant la présentation d’expressions faciales évoquant la peur, la neutralité et la joie. Les résultats suggèrent des altérations dans le traitement attentionnel précoce à la suite d’un TCC, qui amenuisent le traitement ultérieur de la peur évoquée par les expressions faciales. En somme, les conclusions de cette thèse affinent notre compréhension du traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales, vocales et musicales à la suite d’un TCC selon le niveau de gravité. Les résultats permettent également de mieux saisir les origines des déficits du traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales à la suite d’un TCC, lesquels semblent secondaires à des altérations attentionnelles précoces. Cette thèse pourrait contribuer au développement éventuel d’interventions axées sur les émotions à la suite d’un TCC.

Migrant women’s employment in paid reproductive work through the crisis: the case of Italy (2007-2012)

Paid reproductive work, especially in the case of cleaning and home-care for elderly people, is an important sector for foreign women in Italy. For this reason, since the beginning of the current economic crisis, scholars have wondered about the impact of the recession on migrant domestic workers. They have looked particularly at possible competition with Italian women entering the sector for lack of better alternatives. Our paper takes this discussion a step further by assessing the overall changes affecting migrant women in the Italian labour market, 2007-2012. We will look at how their position has been transformed, by taking both an ethnic perspective, in relation to Italian women, and a gender perspective, in relation to migrant men. By way of a conclusion, the argument will be made that there is a substantial lack of competition between Italian and foreign women in the care and domestic sector due to differences in their earnings, hours of work and activities.

Perspectives on gender, migration and transnational work: joint work of social reproduction and care in Southern Europe

This paper presents the "state of the art" and some of the main issues discussed in relation to the topic of transnational migration and reproductive work in southern Europe. We start doing a genealogy of the complex theoretical development leading to the consolidation of the research program, linking consideration of gender with transnational migration and transformation of work and ways of survival, thus making the production aspects as reproductive, in a context of globalization. The analysis of the process of multiscale reconfiguration of social reproduction and care, with particular attention to its present global dimension is presented, pointing to the turning point of this line of research that would have taken place with the beginning of this century, with the rise notions such as "global care chains" (Hochschild, 2001), or "care drain" (Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 2013). Also, the role of this new agency, now composed in many cases women who migrate to other countries or continents, precisely to address these reproductive activities, is recognized. Finally, reference is made to some of the new conceptual and theoretical developments in this area.

Factors affecting transition to second year of an engineering degree

Much research has focused on students’ transition from secondary school to university. Less is known about the transition from first to second year of a university degree programme. Given the difficulties that many students face at this stage of their education, research into the relevant factors is required. Through questionnaires and focus groups, views of second- and third-year aerospace and mechanical engineering students in our university have been gathered. A large majority believed that both the volume and difficulty of work increased in second year. Many stated that first year was slightly too trivial and could have been made more challenging to prepare them better for second year. Different teaching and assessment styles in second year were considered to affect attendance and performance. The survey revealed that students were generally very well settled into university life by the end of first year and were happy with their choice of course and only 23% reported that financial responsibilities have had a negative effect on their academic performance. Differences were observed between male and female students. Male students believed that transition was helped by having regular assessments and by worked examples in lectures. Females found the teaching staff were the most helpful factor for a successful transition. The results indicate that males require more structure and guidance whereas females are more independent and settle in better.

Det är alltid bäst innan förändring : En studie om motivation vid förändring, individens upplevelse & ledares påverkan

Förändringar är vanligt förekommande i organisationer och forskning visar att många förändringsinitiativ tyvärr misslyckas. Genomförandet av förändringar som fokuserar på individens motivation är lyckosamma i bemärkelsen att personalen trivs och att arbetet inte blir lidande. Studien syftar till att ta reda på hur ledare kan arbeta för att främja medarbetares motivation vid organisationsförändringar. Genom ett kvalitativt perspektiv och en deduktiv ansats har vi undersökt vad som påverkar och främjar medarbetares motivation vid organisationsförändringar. Undersökningen har genomförts på två avdelningar i ett stort företag i Gästrikland som vid tiden för insamling av data, genomgick en förändring. Studien är en fallstudie med avsikt att undersöka den specifika skiftformsförändringen som företaget genomgick. Tillvägagångssättet för insamlingen av material är en process som ämnar att, genom delaktighet och diskussion ta reda på vad som motiverar medarbetare under förändringar. Analysen av resultatet visar att individernas grundläggande behov i arbetet, till viss del inte varit uppfyllda vilket har lett till att en del personal givit uttryck för att de är omotiverade och att de känner ett motstånd mot förändringen. Det upplevda motståndet består i en rad olika känslor, bland annat; chock, oro och förvirring som uppkommer på grund av osäkerhet och brist på kontroll rörande individens arbetssituation. Känslorna hämmar motivationen och kan ge en upplevelse av att de grundläggande behoven i arbetet inte är uppfyllda, även fast de kan vara det. Studien visar att ledare kan påverka motståndet och främja medarbetares motivation under förändringar dels genom att bjuda in till delaktighet i ett så tidigt stadie som möjligt i förändringsprocesssen och dels genom att på ett tydligt sätt kommunicera och informera kring förändringens innebörd. Det gör att individen upplever kontroll över sin framtid i arbetet vilket påverkar upplevelsen av att de grundläggande behoven inte skulle vara uppfyllda och gynnar motivationen. Ledare behöver även vara lyhörda för att alla upplever förändringar olika och läsa av behov och önskemål och anpassa eventuellt stöd efter det.

A Institucionalização no Feminino: que repercussões na reintegração: trajectórias de vida e dimensão dos factores de (des) protecção

A presente dissertação – A Institucionalização no Feminino: que repercussões na Reintegração (Trajectórias de vida e dimensão dos factores de (des) protecção na transmissão intergeracional das jovens que saíram da CIJE de Castelo Branco no período de 1995-2000) – foi realizada no âmbito do VI Curso de Mestrado em Serviço Social. O objecto desta dissertação centrou-se na análise das trajectórias de vida de mulheres adultas que durante a sua infância estiveram internadas na Instituição Casa de Infância e Juventude de Castelo Branco e cuja desinstitucionalização ocorreu no período de 1995 a 2000, considerando como critério a residência das jovens no Distrito de Castelo Branco. Para a prossecução desta investigação, adoptou-se uma metodologia qualitativa. Recorreu-se à análise documental e a entrevistas semi-directivas efectuadas a nove jovens. Com esta investigação pretendeu-se estudar as trajectórias para a obtenção de dados sobre a experiência de vida, o seu processo de autonomização e de que forma a medida de institucionalização se reproduziu nos descendentes, e se estes constam igualmente das crianças e jovens com medida de protecção, nomeadamente de acolhimento institucional. Relativamente aos objectivos, pretendemos: analisar o percurso de vida das jovens com medida de acolhimento institucional; identificar a avaliação das jovens sobre o seu processo de internamento e a experiência de vida; identificar a forma como estas jovens se relacionam com a percepção do conceito formal da lei de “Perigo”; analisar a autonomia de vida face à família, à inserção profissional e eventual ligação face aos sistemas de protecção social; e analisar a situação e as expectativas face às jovens sem filhos. Dos resultados obtidos na presente investigação, podemos concluir que, após a medida de internamento, a maioria das jovens integrou a família de origem. Algumas valorizam este regresso, ressalvando as dificuldades de adaptação à sua família, e à própria comunidade. A maioria das jovens constituíram agregado próprio, revelando capacidades parentais na educação dos seus filhos, e proporcionando-lhes uma infância segura e feliz, assegurando de forma responsável as suas necessidades tendo em vista a sua segurança, saúde, formação, educação e desenvolvimento.

Réactions des bébés au chant et à la parole : impacts sur l’attention et l’affect

Les parents à travers le monde chantent et parlent à leurs bébés. Ces deux types de vocalisations aux enfants préverbaux partagent plusieurs similarités de même que des différences, mais leurs conséquences sur les bébés demeurent méconnues. L’objectif de cette thèse était de documenter l’efficacité relative du chant et de la parole à capter l’attention des bébés sur de courtes périodes de temps (Étude 1) ainsi qu’à réguler l’affect des bébés en maintenant un état de satisfaction sur une période de temps prolongée (Étude 2). La première étude a exploré les réactions attentionnelles des bébés exposés à des enregistrements audio non familiers de chant et de parole. Lors de l’expérience 1, des bébés de 4 à 13 mois ont été exposés à de la parole joyeuse s’adressant au bébé (séquences de syllabes) et des berceuses fredonnées par la même femme. Ils ont écouté significativement plus longtemps la parole, qui contenait beaucoup plus de variabilité acoustique et d’expressivité que les berceuses. Dans l’expérience 2, des bébés d’âges comparables n’ont montré aucune écoute différentielle face à une version parlée ou chantée d’une chanson pour enfant turque, les deux versions étant exprimées de façon joyeuse / heureuse. Les bébés de l’expérience 3, ayant entendu la version chantée de la chanson turque ainsi qu’une version parlée de façon affectivement neutre ou s’adressant à l’adulte, ont écouté significativement plus longtemps la version chantée. Dans l’ensemble, la caractéristique vocale joyeuse plutôt que le mode vocal (chanté versus parlé) était le principal déterminant de l’attention du bébé, indépendamment de son âge. Dans la seconde étude, la régulation affective des bébés a été explorée selon l’exposition à des enregistrements audio non familiers de chant ou de parole. Les bébés ont été exposés à du chant ou de la parole jusqu’à ce qu’ils rencontrent un critère d’insatisfaction exprimée dans le visage. Lors de l’expérience 1, des bébés de 7 à 10 mois ont écouté des enregistrements de paroles s’adressant au bébé, de paroles s’adressant à l’adulte ou du chant dans une langue non familière (turque). Les bébés ont écouté le chant près de deux fois plus longtemps que les paroles avant de manifester de l’insatisfaction. Lors de l’expérience 2, des bébés ont été exposés à des enregistrements de paroles ou de chants issus d’interactions naturelles entre la mère et son bébé, dans une langue familière. Comme dans l’expérience 1, le chant s’adressant au bébé était considérablement plus efficace que les paroles pour retarder l’apparition du mécontentement. La construction temporelle du chant, avec notamment son rythme régulier, son tempo stable et ses répétitions, pourrait jouer un rôle important dans la régulation affective, afin de soutenir l’attention, rehausser la familiarité ou promouvoir l’écoute prédictive et l’entraînement. En somme, les études présentées dans cette thèse révèlent, pour la première fois, que le chant est un outil parental puissant, tout aussi efficace que la parole pour capter l’attention et plus efficace que la parole pour maintenir les bébés dans un état paisible. Ces découvertes soulignent l’utilité du chant dans la vie quotidienne et l’utilité potentielle du chant dans des contextes thérapeutiques variés impliquant des bébés.

The Effects of a Group-Based Approach to Parent-Mediated Early Behavioral Intervention for Very Young Children with or At-Risk for Autism

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

A alexitimia na categorização de emoções em expressões faciais dinâmicas

A alexitimia é o termo usado para caracterizar as pessoas com défices no processamento, na compreensão e na descrição de emoções. Definida também como um traço de personalidade multifatorial, a alexitimia tem uma prevalência de 10% na população em geral e está associada a uma menor qualidade de vida. Apesar de este estudo incidir-se numa população saudável, a alexitimia está frequentemente associada a patologias físicas e perturbações mentais. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em verificar a influência da alexitimia na categorização das expressões faciais emocionais, numa tarefa de apresentação de faces dinâmicas. 87 participantes com diferentes índices de alexitimia completaram uma tarefa que consistia na apresentação de faces dinâmicas cujo o intuito era categorizar as expressões faciais de raiva, nojo e alegria. A precisão das respostas e os níveis de intensidade emocional foram manipulados. Os resultados indicaram que os indivíduos, no geral, identificaram mais precisamente e com menores níveis de intensidade emocional a expressão de alegria comparativamente com as expressões negativas (raiva e nojo). Verificou-se também diferenças significativas entre a alexitimia e as expressões faciais emocionais relativamente à precisão na categorização. Deste modo, foi possível verificar neste estudo, que indivíduos com altos níveis de alexitimia foram significativamente menos precisos na identificação da expressão facial de raiva comparativamente com indivíduos com baixos níveis de alexitimia.

5G innovation opportunities-- A discussion paper

On the shaping of 5G technologies and networks, scope for wider service and applications innovation and UK strengths and opportunities.

O afecto na adaptação dos estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Superior e seus correlatos

A entrada e a adaptação ao Ensino Superior consistem num período muito emocional, causador de manifestações positivas, bem como de expressões negativas, como sejam a ansiedade e o stresse. Neste sentido, perspectiva-se que quanto mais os estudantes do ensino superior se sentem integrados e felizes mais irão evitar e minimizar as consequências associadas a afectos negativos, que podem, em grande parte dos casos, estar na origem ou contribuir para o insucesso académico e até mesmo para o abandono escolar. O presente estudo pretende investigar em que medida as variáveis afecto negativo e afecto positivo estão relacionadas com factores sociodemográficos idade, sexo, curso e saída de casa ou não aquando do ingresso no ensino superior, em estudantes do primeiro ano do ensino superior, assim como explorar a relação entre o afecto (positivo e negativo) e a percepção de saúde da amostra em estudo. Para o efeito foi utilizado o Questionário Sócio–Demográfico do Questionário de Vivências Académicas Reduzido (QVA-r) (Almeida, Soares & Ferreira, 2002), a Escala de Afecto Positivo e Negativo (PANAS), adaptado, por Galinha e Ribeiro (2005), e os itens 1 e 2 do Questionário de Estado de Saúde SF–36 (Ribeiro, 2005). Estes instrumentos foram administrados a uma amostra de 102 estudantes do 1º ano de ensino superior na região Norte de Portugal (26,5% do sexo masculino e 72,5% do sexo feminino). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, a amostra em estudo, o sexo e a percepção de saúde dos participantes são factores diferenciadores no que concerne ao afecto (negativo e positivo), sendo que o curso, a saída ou não de casa e a idade não o são. Estes resultados têm implicações ao nível de intervenção no afecto no âmbito da adaptação ao Ensino Superior.

New Library-curated Faculty Profile Platform Launches Through bepress

As faculty needs evolve and become increasingly digital, libraries are feeling the pressure to provide relevant new services. At the same time, faculty members are struggling to create and maintain their professional reputations online. We at bepress are happy to announce the new SelectedWorks, the fully hosted, library-curated faculty profile platform that positions the library to better support faculty as well as the institution at large. Beverly Lysobey, Digital Commons and Resource Management Librarian, at Sacred Heart University, says: “Both faculty and administration have been impressed with the services we provide through SelectedWorks; we’re able to show how much our faculty really publishes, and it’s great for professors to get that recognition. We’ve had several faculty members approach us for help making sure their record was complete when they were up for tenure, and we’ve even found articles that authors themselves no longer had access to.” With consistent, organized, institution-branded profiles, SelectedWorks increases campus-wide exposure and supports the research mission of the university. As the only profile platform integrated with the fully hosted Digital Commons suite of publishing and repository services, it also ensures that the institution retains management of its content. Powerful integration with the Digital Commons platform lets the home institution more fully capture the range of scholarship produced on campus, and hosted services facilitate resource consolidation and reduces strain on IT. The new SelectedWorks features a modern, streamlined design that provides compelling display options for the full range of faculty work. It beautifully showcases streaming media, images, data, teaching materials, books – any type of content that researchers now produce as part of their scholarship. Detailed analytics tools let authors and librarians measure global readership and track impact for a variety of campus stakeholders: authors can see the universities, agencies, and businesses that are reading their work, and can easily export reports to use in tenure and promotion dossiers. Janelle Wertzbeger, Assistant Dean and Director of Scholarly Communications at Gettysburg College’s Musselman Library, says, “The new author dashboard maps and enhanced readership are SO GOOD. Every professor up for promotion & tenure should use them!” And of course, SelectedWorks is fully backed by the continual efforts of the bepress development team to provide maximum discoverability to search engines, increasing impact for faculty and institutions alike: Reverend Edward R. Udovic, Vice President for Teaching and Learning Resources at DePaul University, says, “In the last several months downloads of my scholarship from my [SelectedWorks] site have far surpassed the total distribution of all my work in the previous twenty five years.”

Health assets and active lifestyles during preadolescence and adolescence: highlights from the HBSC/WHO health survey and implications for health promotion

The present chapter discusses the assets model as a theoretical approach to the study of health behavior and health promotion. The model emphasizes people’s talents, competences, and resources. In this chapter, a health asset is defined as any factor or resource that maximizes the opportunities for individuals, local communities, and populations to attain and maintain health and well-being. This perspective expands and complements the current medical model as it focuses on the development of a sense of empowerment in community members to prevent and manage their own health. Therefore, in this chapter we address the concepts of salutogenesis, social support, resilience, coping, self-regulation, social capital, and personal and social competence, which are central to the development of individuals’ potential to manage and savor their own health, creating the conditions for self-fulfillment. Additionally, we demonstrate how the assets model guides the study of children’s and adolescents’ health in the Portuguese Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (www.hbsc.org), concentrating on areas such as active lifestyles and quality-of-life perception. Finally, we present a roadmap for action that emphasizes the need to identify the factors that make children and adolescents happy and healthy individuals, while minimizing risks and problems they naturally encounter throughout their development. We also argue for the need to involve young people in discussions concerning their health and health promotion practices, focusing on the development of talents, capabilities, and positive expectations for the future.

A estrutura psicossocial na turma de uma criança portadora de autismo

Dissertação submetida para satisfação parcial dos requisitos do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação — Especialização em Educação Especial

Aprender a ser pais felizes com um filho com deficiência mental

Dissertação apresentada à MCE Paula Frassinetti com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação na Especialidade de Educação Especial sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Júlio Sousa.