面向香烟包装质量检测的图像采集卡开发

烟草企业在香烟的生产过程中，从烟叶制丝到卷、接、包装都已经实现了自动化，生产速度越来越快。由于包装机电气和机械控制复杂，生产中会产生各种外包装不合格香烟。然而在现代生产过程中，企业对产品的质量要求越来越高，香烟包装的外观质量还可以从一个侧面影响到企业的形象和信誉等问题，为此开发一套香烟外包装质量检测系统，实时检测和剔除包装不合格的烟包具有较强的实用价值和现实意义。 随着计算机软件、硬件技术的飞速发展，以及机器视觉理论的逐步完善，采用机器视觉的方法来检测香烟包装的外观质量被人们所重视。机器视觉在检测方面具有检测速度快、分辨能力高等优势。机器视觉的工作流程可分为：图像采集、图像处理和图像显示。而在香烟包装检测中，由于包装机的速度达到每分钟400-500包以上，为此能否成功检测香烟包装质量的关键就在于图像处理的速度一定要满足包装机的生产速度要求。 目前烟厂普遍使用的是智能相机和颜色传感器等方法检测包装不合格的香烟，使用这些方法可以检测出大部分的残次品，但最后仍然需要人工的抽检。针对现有检测方法存在的问题，本文设计一个基于数字信号处理器的嵌入式图像采集卡。数字信号处理具有运算速度快，控制能力强等其他微处理器不可比拟的优点，尤其是其强大乘法运算能力，使其在数据量很大，处理速度要求很高的图形、图像处理中得到了广泛应用。 首先，采集卡接收工业相机传输进来的视频信号经过模拟视频到数字视频的转换和视频解码后完成图像采集，然后利用图像处理和信号处理方面的知识完成图像处理工作判断产品质量，并将处理后的图像输出给显示器，最后根据需要还可以将图像信息通过以太网传输到工控机中保存起来，供以后的统计和分析。由于使用嵌入式的图像采集卡，系统的扩展性和灵活性要好于目前烟厂使用的智能相机。 由于卷烟厂现场环境复杂，而本采集卡又属于典型的高速数字电路，为了使采集卡在包装机流水线上能正常的工作，必须采取有效的措施。在电路板的设计中要考虑板层的结构，敏感元件布局，关键信号的布线，模拟区和数字区的分割，信号完整性等问题，并采取适当的措施提高板卡的电磁兼容性。 为了使系统高效的运行，编写了板卡的板级支持库，并在实时操作系统DSP/BIOS上，编写了视频采集和回放的驱动，配置和运行网络开发包NDK，实现以太网通信的软件接口。 最后通过一些实验，验证系统的功能。结果表明，图像采集卡具有视频采集和显示，图像处理和传输的功能。当采集卡工作在系统平台上时，可以有效的检测出存在包装问题烟包。

公众个人捐赠动机及其影响因素

Along with Chinese general national power upgrades constantly, the gaps between the rich and the poor in different areas and groups increased by contraries. Charity career in China attracts more and more attention. In western society, there is consanguineous correlativity between the development of charity career and charity marketing, and donation motivation is one of the most important factors. It’s mainly focus on two issues, one is the process of donation behavior and the other one is the drive of donation behavior. There are great differences between domestic studies on donation motivation and the current correlative theory due to different cultures, religions, regions and so on. In this article, western theory of donation motivation has been summarized and meanwhile the unique domestic donation motivation has been analyzed. The article includes two studies. Firstly, investigated domestic individual donation motivation as well as primary donation behavior, secondly studied the structure of donation motivation by questionnaire. Results show that, firstly, there are four factors in Chinese individual donation motivation which were cost-income balance, passive donation, to do good and accumulate merit, public morality and habit-share. Organization disadvantage and ability limit are the two factors in unwilling donation motivation. Secondly, in this survey, there are no significant differences between cost-income balance and demographic variables. Passive donation motivation shows significant differences only on gender and occupation. To do good and accumulate merit shows significant difference only on occupation. To do good and accumulate merit and habit-share also show significant differences on age. Passive donation is one of special factors in China. Thirdly, donors are prefer to help children who unable to go to school and people who hit by a natural calamity than to help agriculture labourer and laid-off worker. At last, donors concern more about the information feedback such as how was their donation has been used. If the charity organization can not meet the donors’demands in this aspect, it will be surely result in unwilling donation.

中老年人工作记忆与血管性疾病及危险因素的相关分析

Background With the increasing of an elderly population, the number of both vascular disease and cognitive function is increasing. Recent study shown that there is close relationship between vascular disease or vascular risk factors and cognitive function, but many questions are unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the status of cognitive function of midlife and elderly subjects and to evaluate association between vascular risk factors and cognitive function. Methods We selected 330(female,128,male,202) retire navy veterans aged between 55 and 87 years old in Beijing. The average age was 67 years old. Data about vascular risk factors, including: history of cerebral infarction, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, carotid lesions, cigarette smoking, drinking, obesity, and so on. Cognitive functions were assessed by neuropsychological tests: the four tasks of working memory. Results The univariate analysis indicated that there were significant differences of working memory scores in aging, gender, education level, the history of stroke, hypertension with midlife and elderly subjects. Moderate levels of alcohol intake maybe better for cognition. Conclusion vascular disease and some vascular risk factors may lead to cognitive function decline, thus, intervention methods should be carried out in middle and elderly people with vascular risk fact should be under special supervision, with at least annual neuropsychological evaluation. Key words: cognitive function; vascular risk factor， working memory.

吗啡奖赏效应及其敏化与空间学习能力的关系

Rewarding experience after drug use is one of the mechanisms of substance abuse. Previous evidence indicated that rewarding experience was closely related to learning processes. Neuroscience studies have already established multiple-mode learning model. Reference memory system and habit memory are associated with hippocampus and dorsa striatum respectively, which are also involved in the rewarding effect of morphine. However, the relationship between spatial/habit learning and morphine reward property is still unclear. After drug use, with sensitization to rewarding effect, spatial learning is also changed. To study the mechanism of increment of spatial learning would provide new perspective about reward learning. Based on the individual difference between spatial learning and reward learning, the experiments studied relationship between the two leaning abilities and tested the function of dorsal hippocampus and dorsal striatum in morphine-induced CPP. The results were summarized below： 1 In a single－rule learning water maze task, subjects better in spatial learning also excelled in rewarding learning. In a multi-rule learning task, morphine administration was more rewarding to subjects of use place strategy. 2 Treatment potentiating the rewarding effect of morphine also increased place-rule learning, with no significant improvement in habit learning. 3 Intracranial injections into CA1 of hippocampus or dorsal striatum of M1 antagonist, Pirenzepine, could block the establishment of morphine CPP after three days morphine treatment. In contrast, the antagonist of D1 receptor SCH23390 had no blocking effect. Both Pirenzepine and SCH23390 blocked the locomotor-stimulating effect of morphine. In summary, spatial learning stimulated the behavioral expression of morphine’s rewarding effect, in which CA1 of hippocampus was critically involved. On the other side, a pretreatment schedule of morphine, while increased the rewarding effect, improved place-rule learning, indicating that spatial learning might be one chain of sensitization to drug rewards effects

烟草依赖者的注意偏向研究

Relapse has been a great challenge in clinical treatment and experimental studies of drug addiction. Recent studies suggest that psychological dependence may play a major role in addiction relapse, even more important than physiological dependence. Then a fundamental question arises: how to measure the psychological dependence? How to examine whether an addict has psychologically quitted when leaving drug rehabilitation centers? Self-report, a commonly used evaluation approach, is inevitably vulnerable to various cognitive influences, particularly in explicit tasks. Therefore, an objective index is necessary to evaluate the subliminal psychological drug dependence level. The objective of the current study was to develop such a psychological paradigm to probe the unaware attentional bias of in smoking addicts. Experiment 1 adapted the interocular suppression technique of binocular rivalry to study the attentional bias to cigarette pictures in smokers and age-matched nonsmoker. Results show that the smokers demonstrated similar attentional bias in both visible and unaware conditions, while non-smokers showed attentional bias only in the visible condition, and there was a significant interaction between experiment conditions and subject groups. These results provide compelling evidence for addiction-specific attentional bias in cigarette smokers, by minimizing the influence of confounding conscious factors. Furthermore, attentional bias of smokers in unawareness state was negatively correlated with their cigarette dependence levels, while their pre-test cigarette craving levels was positively correlated with their attnetional bias in the visible condition. This pair of correlations further demonstrated the advantages of unawareness state in disclosing stable dependence states, therefore supporting the effectiveness of the paradigm used in this study. Another interesting finding of Experiment 1 is that non-smokers also showed attentional bias in the visible condition. To exclude the possibility that the attentional bias found in experiment 1 was task-specific, experiment 2 adapted the most commonly-used visual dot probe task with smoking scenes as in relevant reference. The result in experiment 1 was well replicated, i.e., nonsmokers in experiment 2 also showed significant attentional bias to smoking-related stimuli, We interpenetrate this interesting finding as an effect of environmental influence, as the participants of the current study live in a highly smoking-exposed and smoking-encouraged environment, which is quite different with the participants of studies reported in the literature. A series of questionnaires and scales administered in the current study indeed show that most smokers smoked due to influence of the environment. They also acknowledged that smoking as an important media of social communication in China, and even considered that away from the smoking environment would effectively help them to quit. The current study also found that the disgust level towards cigarette pictures and smoking-related scenes of non-smokers was positively correlated with their attnentional bias in the visible condition of experiment 1. It is likely that in a highly smoking-encouraged environment, the remaining few on-smokers have severe disgust to cigarettes and smoking scenes; and their attentional bias might be caused by disgust avoidance. In conclusion, the current study represents the first study showing the existence of unaware attentional bias to smoking related stimuli in cigarette smokers by applying the interocular suppression paradigm, providing a reference to study of dependence of other drugs. The current study also found that our non-smoking participants also showed attentional bias to smoking related stimuli, which may be due to the possible influence of highly smoking-exposed environment of our participants.

Consequências do trabalho por turnos e nocturno em profissionais de enfermagem (estudo realizado em dois hospitais do norte de Portugal)

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia.

Cosmética capilar

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Avaliação dos efeitos positivos do consumo moderado de álcool

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

As propriedades terapêutico-cosméticas do vinho do Porto

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

O prazer associado ao consumo de alimentos e factores influenciadores

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Perfis de risco na condução de veículo em estado de embriaguez

Projecto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia

SIEGE: Smoking Induced Epithelial Gene Expression Database

The SIEGE (Smoking Induced Epithelial Gene Expression) database is a clinical resource for compiling and analyzing gene expression data from epithelial cells of the human intra-thoracic airway. This database supports a translational research study whose goal is to profile the changes in airway gene expression that are induced by cigarette smoke. RNA is isolated from airway epithelium obtained at bronchoscopy from current-, former- and never-smoker subjects, and hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133A Genechips, which measure the level of expression of ~22 500 human transcripts. The microarray data generated along with relevant patient information is uploaded to SIEGE by study administrators using the database's web interface, found at http://pulm.bumc.bu.edu/siegeDB. PERL-coded scripts integrated with SIEGE perform various quality control functions including the processing, filtering and formatting of stored data. The R statistical package is used to import database expression values and execute a number of statistical analyses including t-tests, correlation coefficients and hierarchical clustering. Values from all statistical analyses can be queried through CGI-based tools and web forms found on the �Search� section of the database website. Query results are embedded with graphical capabilities as well as with links to other databases containing valuable gene resources, including Entrez Gene, GO, Biocarta, GeneCards, dbSNP and the NCBI Map Viewer.

Neural Dynamics Underlying Impaired Autonomic and Conditioned Responses Following Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Lesions

A neural model is presented that explains how outcome-specific learning modulates affect, decision-making and Pavlovian conditioned approach responses. The model addresses how brain regions responsible for affective learning and habit learning interact, and answers a central question: What are the relative contributions of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex to emotion and behavior? In the model, the amygdala calculates outcome value while the orbitofrontal cortex influences attention and conditioned responding by assigning value information to stimuli. Model simulations replicate autonomic, electrophysiological, and behavioral data associated with three tasks commonly used to assay these phenomena: Food consumption, Pavlovian conditioning, and visual discrimination. Interactions of the basal ganglia and amygdala with sensory and orbitofrontal cortices enable the model to replicate the complex pattern of spared and impaired behavioral and emotional capacities seen following lesions of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex.

Established cardiovascular disease and CVD risk factors in a primary care population of middle-aged Irish men and women

Contemporary Irish data on the prevalence of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are sparse. The primary aims of this study were (1) to estimate the prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, in the general population of men and women between the ages of 50 and 69 years; and (2) to estimate the proportion of individuals in this age group at high absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events on the basis of pre-existing cardiovascular disease or as defined by the Framingham equation. Participants were drawn from the practice lists of 17 general practices in Cork and Kerry using stratified random sampling. A total of 1018 people attended for screening (490 men, 48%) from 1473 who were invited, a response rate of 69.1%. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and glucose intolerance are common in the population of men and women aged between 50 and 69 years. Almost half the participants were overweight and a further quarter met current international criteria for obesity, one of the highest recorded prevalence rates for obesity in a European population sample. Forty per cent of the population reported minimal levels of physical activity and 19% were current cigarette smokers. Approximately half the sample had blood pressure readings consistent with international criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension, but only 38% of these individuals were known to be hypertensive. Eighty per cent of the population sample had a cholesterol concentration in excess of 5 mmol/l. Almost 4% of the population had Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, of whom 30% were previously undiagnosed. A total of 137 participants (13.5%) had a history or ECG findings consistent with established cardiovascular disease. Of the remaining 881 individuals in the primary prevention population, a total of 20 high-risk individuals (19 male) had a risk of a coronary heart disease event 30% over ten years according to the Framingham risk equation, giving an overall population prevalence of 2.0% (95% CI 1.3 - 3.0). At a risk level 20% over ten years, an additional 91 individuals (8.9%) were identified. Thus a total of 24.4% of the population were at risk either through pre-existing CVD (13.5%) or an estimated 10-year risk exceeding 20% according to the Framingham risk equation (10.9%). Thus a substantial proportion of middle-aged men are at high risk of CVD. The findings emphasise the scale of the CVD epidemic in Ireland and the need for ongoing monitoring of risk factors at the population level and the need to develop preventive strategies at both the clinical and societal level.

Examining the post-adoptive infusion of mobile technology in a healthcare domain: determinants and outcomes

The healthcare industry is beginning to appreciate the benefits which can be obtained from using Mobile Health Systems (MHS) at the point-of-care. As a result, healthcare organisations are investing heavily in mobile health initiatives with the expectation that users will employ the system to enhance performance. Despite widespread endorsement and support for the implementation of MHS, empirical evidence surrounding the benefits of MHS remains to be fully established. For MHS to be truly valuable, it is argued that the technological tool be infused within healthcare practitioners work practices and used to its full potential in post-adoptive scenarios. Yet, there is a paucity of research focusing on the infusion of MHS by healthcare practitioners. In order to address this gap in the literature, the objective of this study is to explore the determinants and outcomes of MHS infusion by healthcare practitioners. This research study adopts a post-positivist theory building approach to MHS infusion. Existing literature is utilised to develop a conceptual model by which the research objective is explored. Employing a mixed-method approach, this conceptual model is first advanced through a case study in the UK whereby propositions established from the literature are refined into testable hypotheses. The final phase of this research study involves the collection of empirical data from a Canadian hospital which supports the refined model and its associated hypotheses. The results from both phases of data collection are employed to develop a model of MHS infusion. The study contributes to IS theory and practice by: (1) developing a model with six determinants (Availability, MHS Self-Efficacy, Time-Criticality, Habit, Technology Trust, and Task Behaviour) and individual performance-related outcomes of MHS infusion (Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Learning), (2) examining undocumented determinants and relationships, (3) identifying prerequisite conditions that both healthcare practitioners and organisations can employ to assist with MHS infusion, (4) developing a taxonomy that provides conceptual refinement of IT infusion, and (5) informing healthcare organisations and vendors as to the performance of MHS in post-adoptive scenarios.