Hammaslääkäreiden ammatillisen tiedon hankinta sekä käytetyt kanavat ja lähteet

Summary : The information seeking patterns of dentists and the used channels and sources of information

Patients, médecins et internet [Patients, doctors and the internet].

The majority of the Swiss population uses the internet to seek information about health. The objective is to be better informed, before or after the consultation. Doctors can advise their information-seeking patients about high quality websites, be it medical portals or websites dedicated to a specific pathology. Doctors should not see the internet as a threat but rather as an opportunity to strengthen the doctor-patient relationship.

Cardiovascular risk among hypertensive adolescents and the potential benefit of a screen-and-treat strategy.

To evaluate whether screening for hypertension should start early in life, information on the risk of diseases associated with the level of blood pressure in childhood or adolescence is needed. The study by Leiba et al. that is reported in the current issue of Pediatric Nephrology demonstrates convincingly that hypertensive adolescents are at higher risk of cardiovascular death than normotensive adolescents. Nevertheless, it can be shown that this excess risk is not sufficient to justify a screen-and-treat strategy. Since the large majority of cardiovascular deaths occur among normotensive adolescents, measures for primordial prevention of cardiovascular diseases could have a much larger impact at the population level.

Arxiu de Relacions Laborals Teresa Claramunt

The "Teresa Claramunt Industrial Relations Registry" started as an initiative of the Grup d'Estudis Sociològics sobre la Vida Quotidiana i el Treball (Everyday Life and Work Sociological Research Group), with the aim of starting a compilation where could be centralized the main working papers and publication from enterprise and labour organizations, and to achieve a compilation of the edited production done by the labour ambit.

Is there a relationship between bilingual language switching and executive functions in bilingualism? Introducing a within-group analysis approach

Several studies have suggested a bilingual advantage in executive functions, presumably due to bilinguals' massive practice with language switching that requires executive resources, but the results are still somewhat controversial. Previous studies are also plagued by the inherent limitations of a natural groups design where the participant groups are bound to differ in many ways in addition to the variable used to classify them. In an attempt to introduce a complementary analysis approach, we employed multiple regression to study whether the performance of 30- to 75-year-old FinnishSwedish bilinguals (N = 38) on tasks measuring different executive functions (inhibition, updating, and set shifting) could be predicted by the frequency of language switches in everyday life (as measured by a language switching questionnaire), L2 age of acquisition, or by the self-estimated degree of use of both languages in everyday life. Most consistent effects were found for the set shifting task where a higher rate of everyday language switches was related to a smaller mixing cost in errors. Mixing cost is thought to reflect top-down management of competing task sets, thus resembling the bilingual situation where decisions of which language to use has to be made in each conversation. These findings provide additional support to the idea that some executive functions in bilinguals are affected by a lifelong experience in language switching and, perhaps even more importantly, suggest a complementary approach to the study of this issue.

Alueverkkojen yhteisöllisyyden edistäminen, vaihtoehtojen arviointi ja yhteisöverkkoportaalin toteutus

Internetin yhteisöpalvelut ovat saavuttaneet suuren suosion. Ne mahdollistavat digitaalisten yhteisöjen ja yhteisöllisyyden tunteiden aikaansaamisen käyttäjien välille. Kehittyneet verkkoyhteydet ja sisältötekniikat ovat antaneet mahdollisuuden monipuolisten vuorovaikutustyökalujen toteuttamiseksi. Sähköinen yhteisöllisyys on nouseva trendi, joka tukee arkipäivästä todellisuutta. Verkkojen paikallinen kehitys, niin laajakaistan kuin erilaisten alueverkkojen avulla on nostanut ajatuksia luoda myös paikallista yhteisöllisyyttä globaalien yhteisöpalvelujen rinnalle. Nopeiden alueverkkojen laajentuminen ovat tuoneet edistyneet verkkoyhteydet niin lähiöihin kuin taajamienkin ulkopuolelle. Avointen alueverkkojen mallissa verkko ja palvelukerros ovat eriytetty toisistaan. Ulkopuoliset palveluntarjoajat voivat tarjota palveluitaan suoraan alueverkon käyttäjille lähempänä verkkotasoa, verrattuna perinteiseen yhden verkkooperaattorin malliin. Tämä mahdollistaa uusien innovatiivisempien palveluiden kehittelyn. Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin mahdollisuuksia joilla voidaan edistää yhteisöllisyyttä paikallisissa alueverkoissa ja hyödyntää niiden paikallista suorituskykyä, sekä resursseja palveluiden toteutuksessa. Työssä selvitettiin ensin mistä käsitteet yhteisö ja yhteisöllisyys ovat muodostuneet. Selvityksen pohjalta tutkittiin mitä teknisiä menetelmiä on yhteisöjen ja yhteisöllisyyden tunteen aikaansaamiseksi olemassa. Selvityksen tuloksena syntyi teknologinen tiekartta tietoverkkoyhteisöllisyyteen, sekä sosiaalisten palvelualustojen luokittelukaavio, joiden tarkoitus on yhdessä kuvastaa yhteisöllisyyttä tukevia palvelumahdollisuuksia. Työn viimeisessä vaiheessa toteutettiin yhteisöllinen alueverkkopalvelu, sekä yhteisövalvontajärjestelmä – lisäarvopalvelukonsepti, jotka pyrkivät hyödyntämään paikallisen alueverkon tarjoamaa suorituskykyä ja resursseja.

Ikääntyvät työelämässä. Päihittääkö nuoruus ja koulutus aikuisuuden ja kokemuksen?

The Ageing in Working Life. Do Adolescence and Schooling Beat Adulthood and Experience? This study examines the changes in the work and the work organisations of employees in the fields of health care and retail trade who have turned 45 and their experience of change. In addition, the question of how ageing employees experience their status in post-modern working life is explored. Attention is also focused on the choices and decisions connected with staying at work and retiring. These views are examined in relation to professions and professional cultures. Thematic interviews (N=98) were used to gather the material. The effects of the market liberalistic turn in welfare policy are clearly seen in the everyday work of the health care professions. These changes were examined from the point of view of managing by outcomes and quality assurance, multi-professional cooperation, flexibility in the division of labour, and the spread of market-like procedures. The discourse of those in involved retail trade was dominated by extremely tight global market competition and control of outcomes, and by the structural changes taking place in the retail trade sector. This change discourse was to a large extent a reaction to those changes in the functional environment which were experienced as negative and to the conflict between their own professional identity and professional ethics on the one hand, and their functional environment on the other. There were also obstacles connected with professional culture: defending one's own station and power, guarding the 'frontier', showed up in attitudes towards new management and organisation models or towards structural and functional reforms. The deep structures of professional culture and the mindset of the actors change much more slowly than the functional practices of organisations. For those in a supervisory position, the loss of power due to becoming part of a chain or because of the introduction of a team organisation model was not an easy thing to accept. The nurses and others in related fields felt that they were forced to do work that was below their level of training and professional skill. For sales personnel and those who did assisting work in health care, power and the possibility of having an influence were not so important, as long as they were able to do their work in their own way and were trusted. This view is often completely forgotten, for example, in various organisation models in which power and the possibility of having an influence entwined with power are taken for granted as being clearly positive and desired aspects of job satisfaction. Up to date professional skills were experienced as being important from the point of view of professional identity and self-worth. Thus, training can be understood as a moral obligation, which in turn is intertwined with professional ideology. In the rhetoric of adult education, an adult is expected to be an active player who will seek training again and again if working life so requires. The dark side of this ideology, which leads to feelings of guilt, was apparent in the thoughts of the respondents. Am I never good enough at my job; why must I continually strive for better, additional qualifications? The majority of the respondents evaluated their expertise as being at quite a high level. This self-confidence did not extend to applying for a job. Job recruitment was seen as a situation in which age discrimination reached its peak. The interviewees were unanimous about the idea that society favours the young. Especially among those in the retail trade sector, there was a feeling that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to find a new job of the same level or a permanent post if they were made redundant. Age discrimination was also apparent in the retail trade field in the form of older employees being retired against their will or transferred to other tasks. It was felt that ruthless forced retirement of older workers was part of the personnel policy of some organisations. The importance of one's outward appearance was connected with the theme of discrimination. This phenomenon is described using the concept of the double standard of ageing in feminist research. An ageing woman is relegated to an inferior position due to both her age and her sex. A culture that would both make possible and allow various types of choices regardless of age, which is described as being characteristic of the post-modern era, does not seem to be very topical in the practice of working life. It is important for employees that the management and the personnel policy that is being implemented makes them feel like both their contribution and they as individuals are appreciated, that their opinions are listened to and that they are noticed as persons. The interviewees hoped for gratitude and a concern for the well-being of employees that shows in everyday life. They valued training and activities aimed at maintaining their work ability, but thought that better coping at work and a pleasant working environment cannot be achieved through such measures as along as the foundation is 'in a mess'. Development of the quality of working life is the only thing that can improve job satisfaction and get people to remain in the work force longer than at present. There should be a sufficient number of properly trained employees at the work place. It was important to the respondents that they be able to stay on their job to the end with honour, since compromising with their own quality standards or acting contrary to their ideal self-image in terms of professional ethics would strike a blow to their professional self-esteem. They called for the development of various types of workplace flexibility, and felt that they have the right to a lightened workload and to early retirement. Early retirement was even seen as an altruistic deed: it would free up a place for younger workers. Thoughts of retirements were explained by familiar factors such as health and finances, life situation, the enticement of free-time, as well as by various factors related to work. It is very important to ageing employees that their work has meaningful content. The values related to self-fulfilment are felt to be of great importance, and if they cannot be realised at work, the respondents wanted more free time, either through retirement or in the form of flexibility in working life.

Color ad spectral image assessment using novel quality and fidelity techniques

The ongoing development of the digital media has brought a new set of challenges with it. As images containing more than three wavelength bands, often called spectral images, are becoming a more integral part of everyday life, problems in the quality of the RGB reproduction from the spectral images have turned into an important area of research. The notion of image quality is often thought to comprise two distinctive areas – image quality itself and image fidelity, both dealing with similar questions, image quality being the degree of excellence of the image, and image fidelity the measure of the match of the image under study to the original. In this thesis, both image fidelity and image quality are considered, with an emphasis on the influence of color and spectral image features on both. There are very few works dedicated to the quality and fidelity of spectral images. Several novel image fidelity measures were developed in this study, which include kernel similarity measures and 3D-SSIM (structural similarity index). The kernel measures incorporate the polynomial, Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) and sigmoid kernels. The 3D-SSIM is an extension of a traditional gray-scale SSIM measure developed to incorporate spectral data. The novel image quality model presented in this study is based on the assumption that the statistical parameters of the spectra of an image influence the overall appearance. The spectral image quality model comprises three parameters of quality: colorfulness, vividness and naturalness. The quality prediction is done by modeling the preference function expressed in JNDs (just noticeable difference). Both image fidelity measures and the image quality model have proven to be effective in the respective experiments.

Passeig per l’invisible: itinerari químic per la ciutat de Girona = A walk through the invisible: a chemical journey through Girona

The presented itinerary covers eleven sites of the city of Girona that have been chosen for their interest from a chemical point of view. Girona is a city with chemistry, and this journey allowed student to see that chemistry is present everywhere, even in everyday life and not only in classrooms and laboratories. This approach aims to motivate students to discover something that had been invisible

Escritura joven en la red = Young writing online

Changes in written communications brought about by technology have led to a revolution in the concepts of literacy and, as a result, in students’ educational needs. However, teenagers appear to use technologies that involve new channels and text genres in the digital environment much more than in their everyday life than in an academic environment, because there is still too much distance between what schools offer students and their own reality. This article shows part of the findings of ethnographic and qualitative research in the line of new studies on teenagers’ critical literacy and vernacular writing practices in the asynchronous communication spaces online. The idea is to offer data and ideas to help overcome the current inertia and distance between some educational activities and young people’s communicative needs

Raios-x: fascinação, medo e ciência

This work presents the discovery and the use of x-rays at the end of the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century. X-rays greatly impacted science and everyday life. Their existence broke the idea that knowledge had reached a limiting step. In general, people regarded x-rays as a marvel of science, but reactions against their use were also found. Several applications were proposed, especially in medicine. However, little or no attention was paid to security measures, leading to health damages and even death. The development of the radiological protection took into account the accidents with the x-rays.

Um método para avaliar a taxa de corrosão

In this paper it is proposed an indirect method to evaluate the corrosion rate of an aluminum and zinc alloy in alkaline solution by using a well-known device for collecting gases over water. The hydrogen gas formation, a corrosion product, is monitored at different time intervals and associated with the alloy mass loss. It has been suggested that the students should work in groups, which may make feasible the social interaction among them and that results discussion may be done collectively under a professor orientation. This proposal may propitiate the learning of terminology and involved concepts as well as contribute to a better understanding of corrosion phenomena that occur in their everyday life.

YmpäristöjärjesteImän kehittäminen kouluissa

Ympäristöasioiden hallintajärjestelmät perustuvat kestävään kehitykseen. Peruslähtökohta ympäristöjärjestelmän käyttöönottoon on joko ideologiassa tai puhtaasti myynnin edistämisessä. Tässä diplomityössä lähestytään ympäristöjärjestelmää ensin yritysten näkökulmasta ja sen jälkeen koulujen ja oppilaitosten näkökulmista. Työn tavoitteina on vastata kysymykseen kuinka kehittää koulujen käyttämää Vihreä lippu ympäristöjärjestelmää entistä paremmaksi, sekä kuinka helpottaa Vihreä lippu ympäristöjärjestelmän käyttöönottoa kouluissa. Tämä tutkimus perustuu ympäristöministeriön rahoittamaan hankkeeseen "Kokemuksia Vihreä lippu ympäristöjärjestelmän käytöstä kouluissa". Hanke toteutettiin syksyn 2008 ja kevään 2009 aikana. Hankkeen tiedot kerättiin sekä kyselyiden että haastattelujen avulla. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan kvantitatiivinen, mutta siinä on myös kvalitatiivisen tutkimuksen elementtejä. Tutkimusmenetelmien yhdistäminen tässä tutkimuksessa lisää selvästi tutkimuksen validiutta. Tutkimuksen johtopaatokset näyttävät, että aivan "kivutta" ympäristöjärjestelmä ei synny kouluihin. Asiaa helpottaa suuresti, jos koulun johtoporras sitoutuu näyttävästi ympäristöjärjestelmään. Johdon sitoutuminen ympäristöjärjestelmään sitouttaa kaikki muut. Käyttöönottoa auttaa myös, jos ympäristöjärjestelmää käytetään johdon työkaluna. Lisaksi koulujen kannattaa olla avoimia kaikille sidosryhmille ja ottaa heitä reippaasti mukaan koulujen normaaliin arkeen. Myös koulujen ulkoinen ja sisäinen viestintä kannattaa ottaa suurennuslasin alle.

Kuplakokojakauman hallinta happidelignifioinnissa

Työn tarkoituksena oli uutta kuvantamistekniikkaa hyödyntäen tutkia erilaisten tekijöiden vaikutusta kaasun dispergoitumiseen kemikaalisekoittimessa, kun kaasua sekoitetaan keskisakeaan massaan. Lisäksi työssä pyrittiin selvittämään, kuinka paljon kuitususpensioon tuotettu kaasufaasin kuplakokojakauma vaikuttaa happidelignifioinnin tulokseen. Kaasumaisten aineiden käyttäytymistä keskisakeissa kuitususpensiossa ei tarkkaan tunneta. Mikäli kaasumaisen hapen käyttäytymisestä saadaan uutta tietoa, tarjoaa tämä muun muassa uusia mahdollisuuksia kaasua sekoittavien laitteiden tuotekehityksessä. Työn kokeellinen osuus koostui kahdesta osasta, joista ensimmäisessä osassa selvitettiin sekoittimen roottorin pyörimisnopeuden, reaktorin kaasutilavuuden sekä suspension sakeuden vaikutusta muodostuvaan kaasun kuplakokojakaumaan. Työn jälkimmäisessä osassa arvioitiin yksivaiheisten keskisakeudessa tehtyjen happidelignifiointien perusteella suspensioon tuotetun kaasun kuplakokojakauman merkitystä happidelignifiointitulokseen. Kuplakokojakaumat määritettiin reaktoriin kiinnitetyllä kameralla kuvatuista valokuvista, joita otettiin sekoitustapahtuman aikana. Työn tuloksien perusteella sekoituksen voimakkuudella oli suurin vaikutus suspensioon muodostuvan kuplakokojakauman kannalta. Roottorin kierrosnopeuden kasvaessa kaasun keskimääräinen kuplakoko pieneni sekä havaittujen kuplien lukumäärää kasvoi huomattavasti. Myös suspension sakeuden kasvattamisen havaittiin vaikuttavan kuplakokoon pienentävästi. Happidelignifioinneissa saavutettiin paras kappareduktio, kun kaasun kuplakoko oli mahdollisimman pieni. Käytetty kuvantamistekniikka on tiettävästi ensimmäinen menetelmä, jolla saadaan reaaliaikaista tietoa vain muutamien kymmenien mikrometrien kokoisten kaasukuplien käyttäytymisestä oikeassa prosessitilanteessa.

Muotia, mukavuutta ja mielipiteitä. Kaakeliuuni yhteiskunnallisten muutosten ilmentäjänä keskiajan ja uuden ajan alun Suomessa

Fashion, Comf ort and Conviction is a study investigating the adoption and significance of the ceramic tile stove in medieval and early modern Finland. It presents stove tiles found in archaeological excavations, places the tiles in their cultural contexts and examines them as indicators of various social changes. The early history of the ceramic tile stove goes back to the 12th century in the German-speaking Alpine regions, from where it spread to the Baltic Sea region during the Middle Ages. On the basis of the archaeological finds presented in this study, the introduction of the tile stove in Finland dates to the early 15th century. Its adoption was connected to the increase in foreign trade links and social emulation, the demand for comfort, and innovations in building technology and interior design. Stove tiles also reflect the political and religious convictions of their time and open a fascinating window on everyday life in medieval and early modern Finland.