Differences in seasonal price patterns among second home rentals and hotels: Empirical evidence and practical implications

Hotels and second home rentals are two of the most important tourist accommodation options in Spain. In terms of seasonality, almost all previous studies have analysed tourism demand from the point of view either of total arrivals or the number of tourists lodged in a single accommodation type (hotels, rural accommodation, etc). However, there are no studies focusing on price seasonality orcomparing seasonality among different accommodation types. By using seasonality indicators and a price index constructed by means of hedonic methods, this paper aims to shed some light on seasonal pricing patterns among second home rentals and hotels. The paper relies on a 2004 database of 144 hotels and 1,002 apartments on the Costa Brava (northeast Spain). The results show that prices for second home rentals display a smoother seasonal pattern than hotels due to reduced price differences between shoulder (May and October) and peak periods (August)

The impact of inbound demand on price levels in tourism municipalities : Empirical evidence from Catalonia

It is usually argued that tourism exerts negative economic impacts in host jurisdictions through the increase in prices linked to increasing demand for basic services and goods from tourists. This paper surveys 149 products in 45 tourism and non-tourism jurisdictions in Catalonia (which represent a total of 18,500 prices) in order to test empirically several hypotheses related to differences in price levels in tourism and non-tourism jurisdictions. The main results show that prices in tourism jurisdictions are not significantly higher than those in non-tourism ones. The analysis suggests that tourists are likely to pay higher prices than natives for some products

Rice perception of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi requires the karrikin receptor complex.

In terrestrial ecosystems, plants take up phosphate predominantly via association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We identified loss of responsiveness to AMF in the rice (Oryza sativa) mutant hebiba, reflected by the absence of physical contact and of characteristic transcriptional responses to fungal signals. Among the 26 genes deleted in hebiba, DWARF 14 LIKE is, the one responsible for loss of symbiosis . It encodes an alpha/beta-fold hydrolase, that is a component of an intracellular receptor complex involved in the detection of the smoke compound karrikin. Our finding reveals an unexpected plant recognition strategy for AMF and a previously unknown signaling link between symbiosis and plant development.

Confirmatory factor analysis of an inventory of perception of insecurity and fear of crime

This paper focuses on the study of the factorial structure of an inventory to estimate the subjective perception of insecurity and fear of crime. Made from the review of the literature on the subject and the results obtained in previous works, this factor structure shows that this attitude towards insecurity and fear of crime is identified through a number of latent factors which are schematically summarized in (a) personal safety, (b) the perception of personal and social control, (c) the presence of threatening people or situations, (d) the processes of identity and space appropriation, (e) satisfaction with the environment, and (f) the environmental and the use of space. Such factors are relevant dimensions to analyze the phenomenon. Method: A sample of 571 participants in a neighborhood of Barcelona was evaluated with the proposed inventory, which yielded data from the distributions of all the items provided. The administration was conducted by researchers specially trained for it and the results were analyzed by using standard procedures in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) from the hypothesized theoretical structure. The analysis was performed by decatypes according to the different response scales prepared in the inventory and their ordinal nature, and by estimating the polychoric correlation coefficients. The results show an acceptable fit of the proposed model, an appropriate behavior of the residuals and statistically significant estimates of the factor loadings. This would indicate the goodness of the proposed factor structure.

Price differences between domestic and international air markets : an empirical application to routes from Gran Canaria

In this paper we examine whether airline prices on national routes are higher than those charged on international routes. Drawing on a database prepared specifically for this study, we estimate a pricing equation for all routes originating from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; differentiating between national and international routes. A key difference between these two route types is that island residents benefit from discounts on domestic flights. When controlling for variables related to airline characteristics, market structure and demand, we find that national passengers who are non-residents on the islands are paying higher prices than international passengers.

« On m'accuse de discrimination, moi ! » Tout est une histoire de perception

De nos jours, les comportements discriminatoires sont mal vus par la société. On tend à montrer du doigt les personnes s'engageant dans de tels comportements et à médiatiser les entreprises prises en flagrant délit de discrimination, tant au niveau du processus d'embauche (p. ex., rejet systématique des candidatures venant de candidats d'origine étrangère), qu'au niveau des différences de traitement au sein des entreprises (p. ex., différence de salaires entre les femmes et les hommes). Si les comportements discriminatoires sont si mal perçus, pourquoi sont-ils toujours d'actualité ? Comment est-ce que des personnes s'engageant dans de tels comportements peuvent garder à la fois une image positive d'eux-mêmes et éviter de se faire réprimander par d'autres personnes qui pourraient avoir connaissance de leurs mauvais agissements ? C'est à cette problématique que je m'atèle dans ma recherche. A travers une expérience sur le thème de la discrimination à l'embauche, je démontre que les individus ayant tendance à se désengager moralement de leur propre action sont plus à même de s'engager dans des comportements discriminatoires que les autres individus. Le désengagement moral est un processus par lequel les individus justifient leur propre comportement non-éthique afin de les rendre acceptable (Bandura, 1986). En particulier, les résultats ont révélé que cette relation entre désengagement moral et discrimination est modéré par le degré de préjugés des individus. Parmi les individus ayant des préjugés marqués envers les étrangers, plus leur tendance au désengagement moral est élevé, plus ils sont à même de s'engager dans des comportements discriminatoires.

The difference of disease perception by juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients and their parents : analysis of the JAMAR questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The JAMAR (Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report) has been developed to evaluate the perception of the patient and his parents on different items: well-being, pain, functional status, quality of life, disease activity, disease course, side effects of medication, therapeutic compliance and satisfaction with illness outcome. Our aim was to compare disease's perception by JIA patients and their parents. METHODS: We included into the study 100 consecutive patients over 7 years of age. We asked both parent and child to complete the JAMAR questionnaire. For each patient we recorded demographic and disease related data. We examined the level of disagreement between children and parents for the quantitative items of the JAMAR: VAS Pain, VAS Disease Activity, VAS Well Being, Juvenile Arthritis Functional Score, HRQoL. Then we looked for a relation between discordance-rate and demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Children and parents' median scores for all five items were similar. Individual dyads agreement was low, with a large amount of pairs (80) discordant for at least one item. We found higher MD VAS and JADAS in more discordant dyads, suggesting that when the disease is more active discordance between child and parent increase. CONCLUSION: The JAMAR questionnaire is an important tool that helps clinicians to detect divergent child and parent's disease perceptions. It is essential that both patients and parents fill the JAMAR questionnaire for a complete clinical and psychosocial evaluation.

Price rivalry in airline markets: A study of a successful strategy of a network carrier against a low-cost carrier

Competition in airline markets may be tough. In this context, network carriers have two alternative strategies to compete with low-cost carriers. First, they may establish a low-cost subsidiary. Second, they may try to reduce costs using the main brand. This paper examines a successful strategy of the first type implemented by Iberia in the Spanish domestic market. Our analysis of data and the estimation of a pricing equation show that Iberia has been able to charge lower prices than rivals with its low-cost subsidiary. The pricing policy of the Spanish network carrier has been particularly aggressive in less dense routes and shorter routes.

Étude descriptive quantitative et corrélationnelle portant sur la perception de la qualité de vie des proches aidants de plus de 65 ans qui prennent soin d'un proche souffrant d'une problématique de démence

La problématique : En Suisse, même si l'on constate une longue tradition du modèle de famille pluri-générationnelle multi-locale (Tourollier, 2009), l'évolution démographique a pour effet le vieillissement des aidants (Anchisi, 2010). La société véhicule l'idée que trop de personnes en perte d'autonomie sont abandonnées par leurs familles et que celles-ci relèguent toutes leurs responsabilités à l'Etat. Selon Pitaud (2009), cette vision est erronée, car son étude démontre que les membres de la famille forment généralement le noyau de ce réseau d'aide qui permet leur maintien à domicile. Il s'agit, pour l'auteur, d'une solution à la fois humaine et économiquement acceptable. Le contexte global du vieillissement et de la possibilité de fragilisation psychique suggère qu'une meilleure prise en compte des besoins de l'entourage des personnes souffrants de problématique de démence peut améliorer leur qualité ainsi que celle des proches aidants (Thomas, 2005). But : Cette étude quantitative vise à décrire la perception qu'ont les proches aidants de leur propre qualité de vie incluant leur vulnérabilité. Méthode: Cette étude quantitative descriptive corrélationnelle a été effectuée auprès de 30 proches aidants, recrutés selon un échantillonnage non probabiliste. Pour les corrélations exploratoires, des tests de Pearson, Student, Wilcoxon ou Mann Whitney ont été effectués. Le questionnaire proposé est tiré des études Pixel et il contient des données sociodémographiques, quatre dimensions portant sur la qualité de vie perçue ainsi que deux dimensions sur la vulnérabilité. Résultats: L'âge moyen des proches aidants participant est de 77,47 ans (ÉT 4,74). Les résultats montrent que 40% d'entre eux sont impliqués dans l'aide auprès du malade depuis plus de cinq ans. La plus grande partie a un niveau de formation de type maîtrise professionnelle (70%). Le score moyen de la perception de la qualité de vie (max. 105 points) est de 63.20 (ÉT 10.25). La vulnérabilité perçue est divisée en deux dimensions (max 50 points par partie). Pour la dimension 1 ; la moyenne pour l'impact de la maladie est de 29.00 (ÉT 5.63). Pour la dimension 2 ; la moyenne de l'aggravation de la vulnérabilité, est de 34.26 (ÉT 10.25). Des corrélations exploratoires montrent que l'âge, la durée des soins, le genre sont associées avec une diminution de la qualité de vie ou l'aggravation de la vulnérabilité perçue. Conclusion : Malgré les limites de la présente étude qui sont liées à la petitesse de l'échantillon, les résultats sont conciliables avec les écrits antérieurs. Il serait judicieux de poursuivre des recherches sur ce sujet afin d'approfondir et d'affiner les représentations utiles au renforcement du rôle infirmier auprès des proches aidants d'une part et des autres professionnels du réseau de soin d'autre part, ceci dans le but de favoriser la promotion de la santé auprès des proches aidants qui sont un maillon indispensable dans la chaîne des soins.

Graduating 4th year radiology residents' perception of optimal imaging modalities for neoplasm and trauma: a pilot study from four U.S. universities

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess 4th year radiology residents' perception of the optimal imaging modality to investigate neoplasm and trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven 4th year radiology residents from four residency programs were surveyed. They were asked about the best imaging modality to evaluate the brain and spine, lungs, abdomen, and the musculoskeletal system. Imaging modalities available were MRI, CT, ultrasound, PET, and X-ray. All findings were compared to the ACR appropriateness criteria. RESULTS: MRI was chosen as the best imaging modality to evaluate brain, spine, abdominal, and musculoskeletal neoplasm in 96.3%, 100%, 70.4%, and 63% of residents, respectively. CT was chosen by 88.9% to evaluate neoplasm of the lung. Optimal imaging modality to evaluate trauma was CT for brain injuries (100%), spine (92.6%), lung (96.3%), abdomen (92.6%), and major musculoskeletal trauma (74.1%); MRI was chosen for sports injury (96.3%). There was agreement with ACR appropriateness criteria. CONCLUSION: Residents' perception of the best imaging modalities for neoplasm and trauma concurred with the appropriateness criteria by the ACR.

HouSI: Heuristic for delimitation of housing submarkets and price homogeneous areas

This paper seeks to address the problem of the empirical identification of housing market segmentation,once we assume that submarkets exist. The typical difficulty in identifying housing submarkets when dealing with many locations is the vast number of potential solutions and, in such cases, the use of the Chow test for hedonic functions is not a practical solution. Here, we solve this problem by undertaking an identification process with a heuristic for spatially constrained clustering, the"Housing Submarket Identifier" (HouSI). The solution is applied to the housing market in the city of Barcelona (Spain), where we estimate a hedonic model for fifty thousand dwellings aggregated into ten groups. In order to determine the utility of the procedure we seek to verify whether the final solution provided by the heuristic is comparable with the division of the city into ten administrative districts.

New technologies and nursing: use and perception of primary healthcare nurses about electronic health record in Catalonia, Spain

This study was aimed to analyze and assess the use and perception of electronic health records (EHRs) by nurses. The study sample included 113 nurses from different shifts of primary health facilities in Catalonia, Spain, devoted to adult as well as pediatric outpatients using EHRs throughout the year 2010. A majority of the sample (87.5%) were women and 12.5% were men. The average age was 44.27 years and the average time working in primary healthcare was 47.15 months. A majority (80.4%) received specific training on the use of the EHR and 19.6% did not. The use of the application required side technical support (mean: 3.42) and it is considered necessary to learn more about the performance of the application (mean: 3.50). The relationship between the average ratings that nurses have about the EHR and age shows that there is no statistically significant linear relationship (r = - 0.002, p-value = 0.984). As to how long they have used the EHRs, there are significant differences (r= -0.304, p-value = 0.00), so the more time the nurse takes using the EHR, the greater degree of satisfaction is shown. In addition, there are significant differences between nurses" perceptions regarding the EHR and gender (t = - 0.421, p-value = 0.675). Nurses assessed as positive the contribution of the EHRs in their nursing care day work (average score: 2.55/5). Considering that the usability of the EHR device is assessed as satisfactory, the results of the perception of nurses show that we must also take into account the training and emphasize the need for a side technical support in the implementation process of the EHR. Doing so, the positive perception that nurses have in regard to information and communication technology in general and with respect to the EHR in particular may be increased.