Psicomotricidad, un estudio comparativo con niños de distinta capacidad intelectual.

Desarrollar el concepto de psicomotricidad para dar un enfoque distinto al cuerpo humano. 15 niños normales y 17 niños deficientes mentales. Examen psicomotor de Picq y Vayer de la primera infancia. Contraste de Student 't' y valores críticos de comparación. La investigación nos lleva a la suposición de que las conductas motrices de los niños 'normales' difiere de las conductas motrices de los niños deficientes, lo que se puede explicar mediante la relación existente entre motricidad y psiquismo. El niño estructura su personalidad y su comportamiento general dependiendo de sus contactos con el mundo exterior; de este encuentro depende en gran medida la evolución de su motricidad, ya que sí por cualquier causa, como es la deficiencia mental ve alterado este contacto, repercutirá en su personalidad y su desarrollo motor seguirá un proceso de inadaptación. Un niño deficiente, posiblemente además de su retraso mental, manifestará un retraso en su desarrollo motor, que será más lento y menos sistemático que el de un niño 'normal'. Se puede aceptar que la coordinación visomanual, la coordinación dinámica, la organización perceptiva y el lenguaje se manifiestan de forma diferente en los niños 'normales' y en los deficientes. Así, como el control postural y el control del propio cuerpo tienden a manifestarse de la misma manera tanto en un grupo de niños como en el otro. Son multitud las causas responsables del deficiente desarrollo motor que afectarán de diversas manera a ese niño retrasado, en el cual puede estancarse en un determinado período evolutivo o avanzar saltándose etapas. La etapa correspondiente a las edades de 4-5 años es muy importante, puesto que es cuando se empiezan a establecer las relaciones en el niño y se estructuran las que han afianzado. Por ello, es importante la educación psicomotriz además de ayudar al niño a conocer su cuerpo le estimula para que se elaboren en él de forma correcta todas las estructuras propias de esta etapa.

La atenci??n en centros ordinarios del alumno con par??lisis cerebral : un caso pr??ctico (II)

Monogr??fico con el t??tulo: 'Jugando con los t??picos'. Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Taller de patronaje y confección.

Este material contiene las unidades didácticas elaboradas para este taller, que se imparte en los Centros de Educación de Adultos de la Comunidad de Madrid. El taller está orientado a la formación en las técnicas de esta especialidad y se complementa con formación y orientación laboral hacia el sector y realización de prácticas. El curso se desarrolla en varias unidades didácticas: Maquinaria, herramientas y útiles; Iniciación en el trazado de patrones; Estudio de las transformaciones; Trazado de patrones básico de prendas de caballero; Escalado de patrones; Fibras, hilos, telas, y prácticas en el laboratorio; Pieles; Puntadas, costuras y pespuntes; Formación y orientación laboral; y Formación medioambiental. Además, se realizan actividades complementarias, como la Educación postural y la visita al centro tecnológico.

La apuesta por la hipoterapia como experiencia innovadora.

Presentación de un proyecto educativo del Centro de Educación Especial 'Eloy Camino', donde muestran la hipoterapia como un tratamiento alternativo y a la vez complementario al diseño curricular de sus alumnos. Demostrados los beneficios terapéuticos del caballo, toman estos como un tratamiento idóneo para sus alumnos afectados de parálisis cerebral u otras patologías ligadas al movimiento por lesión cerebral y trastornos del desarrollo y de la personalidad. Los objetivos a conseguir giran en torno a la psicomotricidad y el control postural, sentido del equilibrio y concepto espacial, mejora de la relación y confianza en si mismo, capacidad de atención y concentración, corrección de problemas de conducta y comportamiento, disminución de niveles de ansiedad, su integración social y sentido de amistad.

Por una buena prevención.

Se anuncia la publicación de la guía 'La salud laboral en el sector docente. Guía para la prevención de riesgos', para ser distribuida entre el profesorado de Castilla-La Mancha. Se pretende ayudar a prevenir riesgos, modificar las conductas no saludables y fomentar los hábitos seguros en el trabajo. Se analizan los riesgos específicos en el sector docente, como el estrés, infecciones y esfuerzo físico, postural y de voz.

Mejora de hábitos saludables en adolescentes desde la Educación Física escolar

Resumen basado en el de la publicación.

Clic escuela 2.0 : gu??a para el profesorado

Se presenta una herramienta para facilitar la integraci??n de los equipamientos del proyecto clIC escuela 2.0., el trabajo para el desarrollo de las competencias b??sicas del alumnado y la aplicaci??n de nuevas metodolog??as adecuadas a las TIC. Se estructura en dos bloques, por un lado el ??mbito tecnol??gico, que incluye la descripci??n y caracter??sticas b??sicas del equipamiento y los recursos, junto a una gu??a r??pida que explica su uso; y por otro lado el ??mbito educativo, que contiene orientaciones para la gesti??n y organizaci??n del aula, educaci??n en higiene postural, h??bitos saludables en el uso de recursos e Internet y sugerencias para presentar al alumnado y a las familias el aula clIC escuela 2.0.

L'educaci?? vocal en la formaci?? inicial dels docents a l'Estat espanyol : descripci?? de la situaci?? i propostes de canvi

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Pathomechanics of posterior ankle impingement syndrome in female ballet dancers

A dança é uma actividade de grande exigência atlética, que pode conduzir a um elevado número de lesões, particularmente na região do tornozelo, possivelmente devido à amplitude extrema do movimento articular de flexão plantar do mesmo, que os bailarinos, especialmente do sexo feminino possuem, para realizar a ponta e meia ponta tão características do ballet clássico (Kadel, 2006; Motta-Valencia, 2006; Russel, Kruse, Koutedakis, McEwan, Wyon, 2010). Estas posições de flexão plantar extrema produzem força excessiva na região posterior do tornozelo, o que muitas vezes pode resultar em conflito, dor e incapacidade, representando na maioria das vezes um desafio de diagnóstico. O síndrome do conflito posterior do tornozelo refere-se a um grupo de entidades patológicas que resultam da flexão plantar forçada do tornozelo, de forma repetitiva ou traumática, causando um conflito das estruturas ósseas e/ou de tecidos moles (Hamilton, Geppert, Thompson, 1996; Hamilton, 2008) . Os objectivos deste projecto são compreender os quais os factores de risco, mecânicos e funcionais que contribuem para a mecânica patológica da lesão descritos na literatura, e proceder a uma avaliação biomecânica do movimento de flexão plantar do tornozelo. Método. Realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura dirigida á mecânica patológica do síndrome do conflito posterior do tornozelo em bailarinas e conduzir um estudo caso-controlo, cujo objectivo é avaliar, comparar e descrever o movimento da flexão plantar do tornozelo realizado ao efectuar os movimentos de ponta e meia-ponta, em bailarinas pré-profissionais com e sem lesão recorrente resultante do conflito posterior do tornozelo. Resultados. Não foram encontrados estudos relacionados especificamente com a mecânica patológica do tornozelo, no entanto vários estudos foram encontrados considerando as características clínicas e anatómicas assim como os procedimentos de tratamento, indicando que os principais factores de risco relacionados com a lesão se dividem em factores mecânicos e funcionais que quando combinados entre si e associados ao sobre-uso podem resultar no conflito posterior do tornozelo. Na avaliação do movimento foram observadas diferenças na actividade muscular entre os sujeitos com lesão e controlos, tendo sido possível a observação de um padrão na sequência de activação para um dos movimentos testados. Na oscilação postural e na rigidez do tornozelo foram também observadas diferenças entre os sujeitos bem como entre as posições realizadas. Conclusão. Concluiu-se que não sendo possível alterar a anatomia do bailarino, por vezes é possível intervir a nível funcional melhorando a capacidade técnica de forma obter um melhor desempenho e a actuar preventivamente em relação às lesões, uma vez que estas podem apresentar padrões cinéticos próprios, relacionados com a função muscular, a estabilidade postural e a rigidez articular.

The effect of learning condition on perceptual anticipation, awareness, and visual search

The efficacy of explicit and implicit learning paradigms was examined during the very early stages of learning the perceptual-motor anticipation task of predicting ball direction from temporally occluded footage of soccer penalty kicks. In addition, the effect of instructional condition on point-of-gaze during learning was examined. A significant improvement in horizontal prediction accuracy was observed in the explicit learning group; however, similar improvement was evident in a placebo group who watched footage of soccer matches. Only the explicit learning intervention resulted in changes in eye movement behaviour and increased awareness of relevant postural cues. Results are discussed in terms of methodological and practical issues regarding the employment of implicit perceptual training interventions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Disruption of sitting balance after stroke: influence of spoken output

Objectives: To identify the extent of dual task interference between cognitive and motor tasks, (cognitive motor interference (CMI)) in sitting balance during recovery from stroke; to compare CMI in sitting balance between stroke and non-stroke groups; and to record any changes to CMI during sitting that correlate with functional recovery. Method: 36 patients from stroke rehabilitation settings in three NHS trusts. Healthy control group: 21 older volunteers. Measures of seated postural sway were taken in unsupported sitting positions, alone, or concurrently with either a repetitive utterance task or an oral word category generation task. Outcome measures were variability of sway area, path length of sway, and the number of valid words generated. Results: Stroke patients were generally less stable than controls during unsupported sitting tasks. They showed greater sway during repetitive speech compared with quiet sitting, but did not show increased instability to posture between repetitive speech and word category generation. When compared with controls, stroke patients experienced greater dual task interferences during repetitive utterance but not during word generation. Sway during repetitive speech was negatively correlated with concurrent function on the Barthel ADL index. Conclusions: The stroke patients showed postural instability and poor word generation skills. The results of this study show that the effort of verbal utterances alone was sufficient to disturb postural control early after stroke, and the extent of this instability correlated with concomitant Barthel ADL function.

A classification system for delirium subtyping with the use of a commercial mobility monitor

The usefulness of motor subtypes of delirium is unclear due to inconsistency in subtyping methods and a lack of validation with objective measures of activity. The activity of 40 patients was measured over 24 h with a commercial accelerometer-based activity monitor. Accelerometry data from patients with DSM-IV delirium that were readily divided into hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed motor subtypes, were used to create classification trees that were Subsequently applied to the remaining cohort to define motoric subtypes. The classification trees used the periods of sitting/lying, standing, stepping and number of postural transitions as measured by the activity monitor as determining factors from which to classify the delirious cohort. The use of a classification system shows how delirium subtypes can be categorised in relation to overall activity and postural changes, which was one of the most discriminating measures examined. The classification system was also implemented to successfully define other patient motoric subtypes. Motor subtypes of delirium defined by observed ward behaviour differ in electronically measured activity levels. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Validating a new clinical subtyping scheme for delirium with electronic motion analysis

The usefulness of motor subtypes of delirium is unclear due to inconsistency in sub-typing methods and a lack of validation with objective measures of activity. The activity of 40 patients was measured with 24 h accelerometry monitoring. Patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) delirium (n = 30) were allocated into hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed motor subtypes. Delirium subtypes differed in relation to overall amount of activity, including movement in both sagittal and transverse planes. Differences were greater in the daytime and during the early evening ‘sundowning’ period. Frequency of postural changes was the most discriminating measure examined. Clinical subtypes of delirium defined by observed motor behaviour on the ward differ in electronically measured activity levels.

Clinical potential and design of programmable mechanical impedances for orthotic applications

A person with a moderate or severe motor disability will often use specialised or adapted tools to assist their interaction with a general environment. Such tools can assist with the movement of a person's arms so as to facilitate manipulation, can provide postural supports, or interface to computers, wheelchairs or similar assistive technologies. Designing such devices with programmable stiffness and damping may offer a better means for the person to have effective control of their surroundings. This paper addresses the possibility of designing some assistive technologies using impedance elements that can adapt to the user and the circumstances. Two impedance elements are proposed. The first, based on magnetic particle brakes, allows control of the damping coefficient in a passive element. The second, based on detuning the P-D controller in a servo-motor mechanism, allows control of both stiffness and damping. Such a mechanical impedance can be modulated to the conditions imposed by the task in hand. The limits of linear theory are explored and possible uses of programmable impedance elements are proposed.

Preliminary observations on the presence of sustained tendon strain and eccentric contractions of the wrist extensors during a common manual task: implications for lateral epicondylitis

Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is hypothesized to occur as a result of repetitive, strenuous and abnormal postural activities of the elbow and wrist. There is still a lack of understanding of how wrist and forearm positions contribute to this condition during common manual tasks. In this study the wrist kinematics and the wrist extensors’ musculotendon patterns were investigated during a manual task believed to elicit LE symptoms in susceptible subjects. A 42-year-old right-handed male, with no history of LE, performed a repetitive movement involving pushing and turning a spring-loaded mechanism. Motion capture data were acquired for the upper limb and an inverse kinematic and dynamic analysis was subsequently carried out. Results illustrated the presence of eccentric contractions sustained by the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), together with an almost constant level of tendon strain of both extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and extensor digitorum communis lateral (EDCL) branch. It is believed that these factors may partly contribute to the onset of LE as they are both responsible for the creation of microtears at the tendons’ origins. The methodology of this study can be used to explore muscle actions during movements that might cause or exacerbate LE.