999 resultados para Desnaturação de alta resolução
Resumo:
Dentre as ferramentas para alcançar o tratamento ótimo para a malária, se destaca a monitorização das concentrações dos antimaláricos nos fluídos biológicos. Ao se considerar que o Coartem® é empregado na terapia de primeira linha para o tratamento da malária falciparum, justifica-se a realização deste estudo que objetivou validar metodologia analítica para determinação de lumefantrina em amostras de sangue total, adsorvidas em papel de filtro, e em plasma, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium falciparum não complicada, empregando-se extração líquido-líquido. Foram realizados estudos de seletividade, linearidade, curva de calibração, limites de detecção e quantificação, recuperação, precisão intra e inter-ensaio, estabilidade e robustez. As amostras, para o estudo de aplicabilidade do método proposto, foram coletadas de pacientes com malária falciparum utilizando Coartem® (arteméter-20mg + lumefantrina- 120mg) no D3. As condições cromatográficas otimizadas foram: comprimento de onda de 335nm, fluxo 1,2mL/min. e fase móvel composta por acetonitrila-água (60:40, v/v) pH=3,5. A extração líquido-líquido demonstrou ser eficiente, pois a recuperação média foi de 101,3% para plasma e 84,3% para sangue total. O método foi seletivo e linear em intervalo de concentração de 160 a 1760ng/mL. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram 32ng/mL e 160ng/mL. O coeficiente de variação médio intra-ensaio, do plasma e sangue total, respectivamente, foram 10,88 e 8,38% e inter-ensaio de 13,21 e 11,78%. O analito demonstrou ser estável em sangue total adsorvido em papel de filtro por até 70 dias. Modificações no pH, fluxo e composição da fase móvel não alteraram significativamente a resolução do analito de interesse, sugerindo uma robustez adequada. O método demonstrou ser eficaz na quantificação de lumefantrina em amostras de sangue total de pacientes com malária falciparum bem como os parâmetros de validação estão de acordo com as recomendações dos órgãos regulamentadores no Brasil.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The topic in this work involving the resolution of problems with structure multiplicativa emerged from discussions carried out on the difficulties encountered by students of the first cycle of the Fundamental School in Mathematics, mainly in respect of the arithmetic. The research had as objective to investigate the main difficulties presented by these students when they are faced with a task for a resolution of problems with multiplicativa structure. Were participants, in the first stage of the study, 20 students of the fifth year of the Fundamental School of a state school of public education of the State of Sao Paulo. These students have an assessment containing ten problems with structure multiplicativa answered a questionnaire regarding of mathematics. In the second stage, were selected two students to participate in the think aloud. The data analysis showed that the difficulties presented by the participants were: 1- difficulty to read and interpret the set of problems; 2- select the operation correct; 3- to operate correctly; 4 – Trouble writing
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This research aims at examining the relationship between the performance of elementary school students Cycle I in problem solving and attitudes toward mathematics. For this, a research was conducted at a state school in the city of Bauru which was selected for convenience. Participants were randomly selected consisting of 75 students, of whom 21 were third years and 57 were of three classes of fifth year. The instruments used for data collection were: a informative questionnaire to characterize the students in age, grade, favorite subjects and the least liked, among others, an attitude scale, Likert type, to examine the attitudes toward mathematics; a interviews with 11 selected students according to scores on the attitudes and mathematical problems to be solved through the method of thinking aloud. The results showed that the major difficulties encountered by students in solving problems were: to understand the problems, formalizing the reasoning, recognize in the problem the algorithms needed for its resolution, make calculations with decimal numbers, do combinatorics, using the sum of equal portions instead of multiplying, self-confidence and autonomy in what he was doing, and others; participants with positive attitudes towards mathematics showed greater confidence to solve problems as well as a greater understanding on what was required by them, but were not detected significant relation between the attitudes and performance, since it was unfavorable
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A apoptose de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (PMN) é um evento central no processo de resolução da inflamação. Sendo a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) um indicador da situação imunológica da glândula mamária, o presente estudo buscou esclarecer a influência que esses fatores têm um sobre o outro e sobre a evolução do processo inflamatório. Marcaram-se as amostras de leite com anexina-V, iodeto de propídeo (PI), anticorpo anti-CH138A. Encontrou-se correlação negativa entre apoptose de PMN e CCS, além de diferença estatística entre um grupo de alta CCS e um grupo de baixa CCS quanto à taxa de PMN viáveis, em apoptose, em necrose e em necrose e/ou apoptose. De modo geral, o grupo de alta celularidade apresentou menos CH138+ em apoptose e mais células em necrose ou viáveis do que o grupo de baixa celularidade. Conclui-se que apoptose de PMN e CCS estão relacionados, e que em mamas com CCS elevada este evento está diminuído. Apesar de haver maior disponibilidade de fagócitos para a defesa nessa situação, os efeitos anti-inflamatórios da apoptose também estão diminuídos, enquanto os efeitos pró-inflamatórios da necrose estão aumentados, o que pode colaborar com a cronificação da inflamação.
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As doenças respiratórias são doenças que afetam o sistema respiratório (boca, laringe, pulmão, cavidade pleural, tubos bronquiais, traqueia, trato respiratório superior e inferior, nervos e músculos da respiração). O aumento de doenças cardiorrespiratórias, pneumonias e agravantes do sistema respiratório estão muito presentes na vida dos usuários da unidade de saúde, principalmente por se tratar de uma região com excessivo grau de poluição. O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar um projeto de intervenção que seja capaz diminuir a incidência e agravantes das doenças respiratórias e da demanda a nível secundário. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Unidade Básica de Saúde Doutor João Diogo Sobrinho, no município de Barroso-Minas Geral, com o apoio da Equipe de Saúde, da Secretaria de Saúde, Organizações Não Governamentais e Associações de Bairros. Foi desenvolvido um plano de ação a fim de reduzir os casos novos de doenças respiratórias, com base na literatura científica presente nas bases de dados eletrônicos: BIREME, Lilacs e Medline. O que se espera com a implantação das ações é instruir a equipe multiprofissional a proceder adequadamente na prevenção da pré-crise, sobre o uso correto de dispositivos inalatórios e programas contra tabagismo. Acredita-se amplamente na importância de profissionais mais capacitados atuando de forma mais efetiva na resolução dos reais problemas de saúde, aliando conhecimento popular ao científico e fortalecendo tais práticas num futuro bem próximo.
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This article describes the use of a conventional CRT monitor as a high voltage power supply for capillary electrophoresis. With this monitor, a 23-kV high voltage with a ripple of 1.32% was observed. The reproducibility of the applied high voltage was evaluated by measuring the standard deviations of peak area and migration time for five consecutive injections of a test mixture containing potassium, sodium, and lithium cations at 50 mmol L-1. The errors were about 2.5% and 0.6% for peak area and migration time, respectively. The maximum current tested was about 180 mA, which covers most capillary electrophoresis applications. This system has been successfully used for several months, maintaining the desired level of performance.
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Synthetic dyes are much used in processed foods. HPLC was applied to different types of snacks, such as colored cereals, chocolate confetti, chewing gums and candies for the determination of those additives. In the case of artificially colored breakfast cereals, 71% of the samples exceeded the allowed limits. Regarding the portions recommended for consumption by the makers of two of the samples, the amounts exceeded those allowed by the Brazilian legislation. In the case of chocolate confetti and candies none of the samples showed higher amounts than those allowed. However 37% of the chewing gum samples presented larger contents than the authorized ones, and one sample contained five times more synthetic dyes than allowed.
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The high cost of sensitivity commercial calorimeters may represent an obstacle for many calorimetric research groups. This work describes the construction and calibration of a batch differential heat conduction calorimeter with sample cells volumes of about 400 μL. The calorimeter was built using two small high sensibility square Peltier thermoelectric sensors and the total cost was estimated to be about US$ 500. The calorimeter was used to study the excess enthalpy of solution of binary mixtures of liquids, as a function of composition, for the following binary systems of solvents: water + 1,4-dioxane or + dimethylsulfoxide at 298,2 ± 0,5 K.
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A method to quantify lycopene and β-carotene in freeze dried tomato pulp by high performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) was validated according to the criteria of selectivity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy, and uncertainty estimation of measurement was determined with data obtained in the validation. The validated method presented is selective in terms of analysis, and it had a good precision and accuracy. Detection limit for lycopene and β-carotene was 4.2 and 0.23 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The estimation of expanded uncertainty (K = 2) for lycopene was 104 ± 21 mg 100 g-1 and for β-carotene was 6.4 ± 1.5 mg 100 g-1.
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Emerging organic pollutants (EOP) include many environmental contaminants based on commercial products such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, detergents, gasoline, polymers, etc. EOP may be candidates for future regulation as they offer potential risk to environmental and human health due to their continual entrance into the environment and to the fact that even the most modern wastewater treatment plants are not able to totally transform / remove these compounds. High performance liquid chromatography is recommended to separate emerging organic pollutants with characteristics of high polarity and low volatility, especially pharmaceuticals, from environmental matrices.
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A practical and didactic sequence of experiments was proposed to illustrate the stereochemistry concept, optically active compounds, resolution of racemates, and use of the NMR technique, including 2D-COSY for identification of organic compounds, on a laboratory course for undergraduate students. The sequence was: extractions of racemic ibuprofen and chiral naproxen from commercial tablets; syntheses of diastereoisomeric amides reacting chiral (S)-(-)-α-methylbenzylamine with (±)-ibuprofen; separation and determination of absolute configuration of amides by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and GC analysis, and hydrolysis of amides to obtain (+)- and (-)-ibuprofen.
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This paper presents the behavior of three bored piles conducted in diabasic soil submitted to uplift forces. The piles were built at the site for Experimental Studies in Soil Mechanics and Foundations of UNICAMP, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Field tests have already been conducted at the site (SPT, CPT, DMT and PMT), as well as laboratory tests by using sample soils taken from a well up to 17 m deep. The water table is not checked until a depth of 17 m. In order to check the behavior of the piles when submitted to uplift forces, slow static load tests were carried out as the recommendations of NBR 12131. The carrying capacity of these piles was also provided by means of theoretical methods, appropriate for uplift forces, and through semi-empirical methods appropriate for compression forces, considering only the portion of lateral resistance. The values estimated by using the considered methods were compared to those obtained by means of load tests. One of the tested piles was extracted from the soil to be the subject of a study on its geometry.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física