Challenges in mercury speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment

This investigation focused on the development, test and validation of methodologies for mercury fractionation and speciation in soil and sediment. After an exhaustive review of the literature, several methods were chosen and tested in well characterised soil and sediment samples. Sequential extraction procedures that divide mercury fractions according to their mobility and potential availability in the environment were investigated. The efficiency of different solvents for fractionation of mercury was evaluated, as well as the adequacy of different analytical instruments for quantification of mercury in the extracts. Kinetic experiments to establish the equilibrium time for mercury release from soil or sediment were also performed. It was found that in the studied areas, only a very small percentage of mercury is present as mobile species and that mobility is associated to higher aluminium and manganese contents, and that high contents of organic matter and sulfur result in mercury tightly bound to the matrix. Sandy soils tend to release mercury faster that clayey soils, and therefore, texture of soil or sediment has a strong influence on the mobility of mercury. It was also understood that analytical techniques for quantification of mercury need to be further developed, with lower quantification limits, particularly for mercury quantification of less concentrated fractions: water-soluble e exchangeable. Although the results provided a better understanding of the distribution of mercury in the sample, the complexity of the procedure limits its applicability and robustness. A proficiency-testing scheme targeting total mercury determination in soil, sediment, fish and human hair was organised in order to evaluate the consistency of results obtained by different laboratories, applying their routine methods to the same test samples. Additionally, single extractions by 1 mol L-1 ammonium acetate solution, 0.1 mol L-1 HCl and 0.1 mol L-1 CaCl2, as well as extraction of the organometallic fraction were proposed for soil; the last was also suggested for sediment and fish. This study was important to update the knowledge on analytical techniques that are being used for mercury quantification, the associated problems and sources of error, and to improve and standardize mercury extraction techniques, as well as to implement effective strategies for quality control in mercury determination. A different, “non chemical-like” method for mercury species identification was developed, optimised and validated, based on the thermo-desorption of the different mercury species. Compared to conventional extraction procedures, this method has advantages: it requires little to no sample treatment; a complete identification of species present is obtained in less than two hours; mercury losses are almost neglectable; can be considered “clean”, as no residues are produced; the worldwide comparison of results obtained is easier and reliable, an important step towards the validation of the method. Therefore, the main deliverables of this PhD thesis are an improved knowledge on analytical procedures for identification and quantification of mercury species in soils and sediments, as well as a better understanding of the factors controlling the behaviour of mercury in these matrices.

Communication between nodes for autonomic and distributed management

Over the last decade, the most widespread approaches for traditional management were based on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) or Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). However, they both have several problems in terms of scalability, due to their centralization characteristics. Although the distributed management approaches exhibit better performance in terms of scalability, they still underperform regarding communication costs, autonomy, extensibility, exibility, robustness, and cooperation between network nodes. The cooperation between network nodes normally requires excessive overheads for synchronization and dissemination of management information in the network. For emerging dynamic and large-scale networking environments, as envisioned in Next Generation Networks (NGNs), exponential growth in the number of network devices and mobile communications and application demands is expected. Thus, a high degree of management automation is an important requirement, along with new mechanisms that promote it optimally and e ciently, taking into account the need for high cooperation between the nodes. Current approaches for self and autonomic management allow the network administrator to manage large areas, performing fast reaction and e ciently facing unexpected problems. The management functionalities should be delegated to a self-organized plane operating within the network, that decrease the network complexity and the control information ow, as opposed to centralized or external servers. This Thesis aims to propose and develop a communication framework for distributed network management which integrates a set of mechanisms for initial communication, exchange of management information, network (re) organization and data dissemination, attempting to meet the autonomic and distributed management requirements posed by NGNs. The mechanisms are lightweight and portable, and they can operate in di erent hardware architectures and include all the requirements to maintain the basis for an e cient communication between nodes in order to ensure autonomic network management. Moreover, those mechanisms were explored in diverse network conditions and events, such as device and link errors, di erent tra c/network loads and requirements. The results obtained through simulation and real experimentation show that the proposed mechanisms provide a lower convergence time, smaller overhead impact in the network, faster dissemination of management information, increase stability and quality of the nodes associations, and enable the support for e cient data information delivery in comparison to the base mechanisms analyzed. Finally, all mechanisms for communication between nodes proposed in this Thesis, that support and distribute the management information and network control functionalities, were devised and developed to operate in completely decentralized scenarios.

Architecture for real-time coordination of multiple autonomous mobile units

Interest on using teams of mobile robots has been growing, due to their potential to cooperate for diverse purposes, such as rescue, de-mining, surveillance or even games such as robotic soccer. These applications require a real-time middleware and wireless communication protocol that can support an efficient and timely fusion of the perception data from different robots as well as the development of coordinated behaviours. Coordinating several autonomous robots towards achieving a common goal is currently a topic of high interest, which can be found in many application domains. Despite these different application domains, the technical problem of building an infrastructure to support the integration of the distributed perception and subsequent coordinated action is similar. This problem becomes tougher with stronger system dynamics, e.g., when the robots move faster or interact with fast objects, leading to tighter real-time constraints. This thesis work addressed computing architectures and wireless communication protocols to support efficient information sharing and coordination strategies taking into account the real-time nature of robot activities. The thesis makes two main claims. Firstly, we claim that despite the use of a wireless communication protocol that includes arbitration mechanisms, the self-organization of the team communications in a dynamic round that also accounts for variable team membership, effectively reduces collisions within the team, independently of its current composition, significantly improving the quality of the communications. We will validate this claim in terms of packet losses and communication latency. We show how such self-organization of the communications can be achieved in an efficient way with the Reconfigurable and Adaptive TDMA protocol. Secondly, we claim that the development of distributed perception, cooperation and coordinated action for teams of mobile robots can be simplified by using a shared memory middleware that replicates in each cooperating robot all necessary remote data, the Real-Time Database (RTDB) middleware. These remote data copies, which are updated in the background by the selforganizing communications protocol, are extended with age information automatically computed by the middleware and are locally accessible through fast primitives. We validate our claim showing a parsimonious use of the communication medium, improved timing information with respect to the shared data and the simplicity of use and effectiveness of the proposed middleware shown in several use cases, reinforced with a reasonable impact in the Middle Size League of RoboCup.

Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y la cuestión mora

Leído en la mesa redonda Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 500 años de su nacimiento (1503-2003), organizado por Margarita Peña Muñoz, en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, U.N.A.M., 20 de junio de 2003.

Contributos para o estudo do retábulo de Abrantes, Constância e Sardoal, séculos XVI a XVIII

Disertação de mest., História da Arte, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

A resiliência e a capacidade de adaptação à mudança dos professores da licenciatura em Educação Básica face ao tratado Bolonha: construção de uma escala de resiliência

Com este estudo tenta-se estabelecer uma relação entre a resiliência e a capacidade de adaptação à mudança, proporcionada pelo Processo de Bolonha, por parte dos docentes do ensino superior, constituindo-se como principal objetivo desta investigação a construção de um questionário que relaciona estes três aspetos. Procura- se ainda percecionar a existência de diferenças nesta relação entre docentes do setor universitário e do politécnico. O questionário construído contempla os diversos aspetos da carreira profissional e as diferentes variáveis de mudança que foram exigidas ou a que foram sujeitos os docentes tendo em conta este novo paradigma educacional. Foi aplicado a docentes do ensino superior a lecionar em instituições públicas a nível nacional (continente e ilhas), com uma amostra por conveniência (aleatória), procurando desenvolver uma pesquisa quantitativa em educação. Os dados foram recolhidos através de plataforma eletrónica, de forma anónima, tendo-se obtido 564 respostas, representativas dos dois setores de ensino e de todas as instituições do país. Recorreu-se a um quadro teórico de referência assente numa revisão da literatura, perspetivado no âmbito do estudo com enfoque na capacidade de resiliência, associada ao modelo transacional e às fontes e áreas de desenvolvimento da mesma (Grotberg, 1985, Wolin & Wolin, 1993, Kumpfer,1999); relacionado com a profissão docente foram trabalhados a identidade e o desenvolvimento profissional, competências, relações pessoais e interpessoais e desenvolvimento humano, bem como toda a organização do ensino superior (Gonçalves 1987, 2007, Garcia, 1999, Zarifian, 2001, Ralha-Simões & Simões, 2002, Le Boterf, 2005, legislação relacionada com o Ensino Superior). O estudo encontra-se organizado em cinco capítulos: I - enquadramento teórico, dedicado à resiliência, à profissão docente, ao ensino superior, ao Processo de Bolonha e à articulação dos fatores anteriores; II- metodologia da investigação e aspetos inerentes, bem como a amostra e os motivos de construção do instrumento; III – apresentação e análise dos dados recolhidos, tentando responder às questões de pesquisa, aos objetivos traçados e contributos para a melhoria; IV – considerações finais onde constam as conclusões do estudo e as possibilidades de futuras perspetivas de investigação; V – bibliografia. Como principais conclusões deste estudo salienta-se o facto de as capacidades de resiliência dos docentes, nomeadamente a valorização pessoal, que os próprios destacam como fator protetor, estarem bem desenvolvidas e interferirem na sua adaptação às alterações introduzidas ao nível pedagógico, científico e didático. Salvaguarda- se contudo que esta adaptação não ocorre ao nível da sua carreira profissional e manifesta-se de forma pouco vincada em relação à questão da tutoria ou orientação tutorial. Por outro lado, sobressai um bom autoconhecimento e a existência de relações intra e interpessoais positivas. No que respeita às diferenças ao nível de adaptabilidade entre os docentes dos dois setores de ensino, apesar de existirem, as mesmas não são significativas.

Dar a conhecer : a informação que liga as escolas do agrupamento de Marrazes

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado, Educação (TIC e Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2011

Inclusão escolar de crianças e jovens de comunidades ciganas : práticas pedagógicas formais e não-formais no âmbito do programa Escolhas

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Educação Intercultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2011

New approaches for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection:relevance for clinical practice and cancer prevention

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Envolvimento dos alunos na escola e relação com os pares: Uma revisão da literatura

O “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE) foi organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 – Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

Some Social-Relational Correlates of Student Engagement in Portugal

Este E-Book reúne um conjunto de investigações apresentadas no “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE), organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 - Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

A gramática no ensino do espanhol como língua estrangeira a alunos portugueses : uma proposta para o nível A2 (QECR)

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Português e Espanhol, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Students’ engagement in school, achievement goals and grade level: A literature review

Este E-Book reúne um conjunto de investigações apresentadas no “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE), organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 - Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

Students’ engagement in school and peer relations: A literature review

Este E-Book reúne um conjunto de investigações apresentadas no “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE), organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 - Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

Estado nutricional dos doentes oncológicos seguidos numa consulta de dietética e nutrição : relatório de estágio efetuado no Serviço de Dietética e Nutrição do Hospital de Santa Maria, EPE, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015