Potencial antioxidante de extratos hidroalcoólicos de mirtilo, polpa de açaí e goji berry: efeito na estabilidade oxidativa e sensorial em queijo petit suisse

The consumer interest in healthy foods with high amounts of antioxidants is one of the important factors for reducing the risk of disease and it has encouraged researchers and industry to develop innovative and functional products and ingredients. To that end, the objective of this research was to study the bioactive compounds present in the acai pulp, blueberry and goji berry samples, as well as the phenolic compounds form of extraction using the response surface methodology (RSM), antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of it, identification and quantification of compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and, at the end, the development of petit suisse cheeses added with freeze-dried extracts of the samples. A 2³ factorial design was used to analyze the solvent effect (ethanol and water), time (30 and 60 min) and temperature (30 °C and 60 °C) on the extraction and determination of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). The variables time and temperature had a positive effect on the antioxidant activity (AA) in their highest levels with 60 min and 60 °C respectively. The ethanol solvent 80 % is more efficient in TPC extraction with AA in all arrays. The identification of phenolic compounds performed by HPLC revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Regarding the AA the acai pulp showed higher activity in vitro when extracted by 60 °C for 60 min, but none of the three extracts analyzed under these conditions showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella bongori in the concentrations tested (95.00 to 2.34 mg/mL. For petit suisse cheeses added with phenolic extract of the samples, the sample containing goji berry achieved greater sensory acceptance among judges (75.67%), second only to the commercial sample used for comparison with 91.56 % of acceptance. In relation to the storage time, the oxidation was evaluated by the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and color analysis. Both analysis were satisfactory, making the extracts addition an alternative to preserve the product properties and give it a high content of bioactive and nutritive compounds.

Impacto do cancro da mama: Mudanças em diferentes fases do ciclo de vida da mulher

Dissertação de Mestrado realizada apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica

Fases do desenvolvimento e diferenciação testicular em cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiros

A cutia (Dasyprocta aguti) é um roedor silvestre encontrado amplamente na região Nordeste do Brasil. É uma espécie muito utilizada pela população humana de baixa renda como fonte alternativa de proteína na alimentação. Foram utilizadas 31 cutias, machos, provenientes da Universidade Federal do Piauí (FUFPI), Estado do Piauí e da Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os animais foram divididos em grupos etários desde o nascimento até os 14 meses de idade. O diâmetro nuclear médio foi obtido pela medida de 10 núcleos do tipo celular estudado em cada testículo, no estágio 1 do ciclo do epitélio seminífero. Nos animais que não apresentaram o epitélio organizado em estágios bem definidos em virtude da idade, foram feitas medidas em secções transversais escolhidas somente pelo contorno circular. O início da assincronia do processo espermatogênico foi observado a partir dos seis meses de idade. A puberdade, na cutia Dasyprocta aguti, foi definitivamente estabelecida a partir dos nove meses de idade, pois estavam presentes todos os tipos celulares e espermatozóides liberados no lume tubular em grande parte do parênquima testicular.

Manejo fisioterapéutico del dolor en personas quemadas en sus tres fases de recuperación: revisión sistemática

Introducción: Los equipos interprofesionales especialistas en el abordaje de personas con quemaduras deben tener presente la fisioterapia como una de las primeras opciones terapéuticas en el tratamiento del dolor, ya que es clave importante en el manejo del dolor, puesto que contribuye a disminuir la tasa de complicaciones, atenuar la respuesta al estrés por quemadura y por la estancia hospitalaria, y su manejo facilita la ejecución de otras técnicas terapéuticas que permitan el abordaje sin generar el trauma que implica la coexistencia del dolor y favorecer la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática para el manejo fisioterapéutico del dolor de la persona quemada en sus tres fases de recuperación. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de la literatura para la identificación de la mejor evidencia disponible en torno a los estudios realizados hasta la fecha, que demuestren evidencia científica sobre la efectividad del manejo fisioterapéutico del dolor en personas quemadas para reducir el impacto que genera en el proceso de recuperación funcional. Resultados: Se encontró disminución del dolor con el uso de realidad virtual para variables, como cambios en la percepción del dolor durante el cambio de vendajes de -1,81 %, cambios en el tiempo invertido en pensar en el dolor durante el cambio de vendajes -19,47 % y cambios en el rango de movimiento de 1 %. Conclusiones: La escasa evidencia existente sugiere que los procedimientos para la disminución del dolor en personas quemadas, en especial las terapias de distracción, el uso de la realidad virtual, el masaje y la terapia de distracción mandibular, son las más utilizadas, las cuales generan disminución en la percepción y calificación del dolor y disminución del tiempo invertido en pensar en éste; sin embargo, los resultados deben observarse con precaución debido al alto riesgo de sesgos de selección y detección y al tamaño de la muestra pequeña en casi todos los estudios.

Avaliação das constantes térmicas das fases de desenvolvimento do Psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei em laboratório.

A infuência da temperatura no desenvolvimento dos insetos é fundamental para a tomada de decisão relacionada à estratégia de controle biológico de pragas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a necessidades de graus-dias acumulados entre a oviposição e a eclosão de adultos do psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psillydae) em resposta às temperaturas máxima e mínima diárias, observadas em condições de sala de criação do Laboratório de Quarentena ?Costa Lima? da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, em Jaguariúna-SP. Três gaiolas com a mesma quantidade inicial de adultos (preservadas a razão fêmea: macho de 1,06) foram monitoradas até o aparecimento da primeira geração e mortalidade total dos adultos introduzidos. Durante todo o período foram registradas as temperaturas máxima e mínima (em ºC) e a umidade relativa (em %) diárias. Posteriormente foram realizados os cálculos dos graus-dias pelo método da senóide horizontal, considerando a temperatura base de desenvolvimento do inseto de 9,26 ºC . Os cálculos foram realizados utilizando programa eletrônico da Universidade da Califórnia - Davis (UC-IPM). Como resultado, obteve-se uma necessidade média de 377,49 ± 16,09 GD acumulados entre a oviposição e a eclosão de adultos do inseto, bem como de 350,40 ± 18,62 GD para atingir a morte total de todos os adultos introduzidos.

Influence of leaf removal on berry thermal efficiency for anthocyanin accumulation

The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of leaf removal on Touriga Nacional berry temperature and consequent thermal efficiency for anthocyanins biosynthesis. The field experiment was located at Dão Wine Research Station, Nelas, Portugal in an adult vineyard planted with North-South oriented rows, with the red grape variety Touriga Nacional grafted on 110R rootstock. The vines were trained on a vertical shoot positioning, spur-pruned on a bilateral Royat cordon system and deficit irrigated (50% ETc). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications of twelve vines per elemental plot, and the following two treatments: basal leaf removal (LR) and a control non-defoliated (ND). Berry temperature (Tb) was measured continuously during the second half (3rd to 19th September) of the 2009 ripening period using two-junction, fine-wires copper-constantan thermocouples manually inserted into the berries and connected to a data logger. A sample of clusters located in different canopy positions (exposed and internal; facing East and West) of 4 vines per treatment were used. To quantify the effect of Tb on anthocyanins biosynthesis, the berry hourly mean temperatures were converted into normal heat hours (NHH) and accumulated per day (NHHd) and per monitoring period (NHHc). For quantification of thermal requirements for anthocyanins synthesis and accumulation, a minimum of 10°C, a maximum of 35°C, and an optimum of 26°C were used. Meteorological variables were measured at an automatic weather station installed within the experimental plot. For all days of the monitoring period, daily average berry temperature (dTb) of all monitored berries was lower in ND treatment than in LR, being the maximum differences between treatments registered on 11th September. The highest dTb differences between treatments were registered on the clusters located at the west side of the canopy on 7th September while dTb of the clusters located in the centre of the canopy was less affected by leaf removal. The control non-defoliated treatment (ND) presented a significantly higher NHHc than that of LR being the higher differences presented by the clusters located in the west side. The lowest differences in NHHc were obtained in the clusters located in the centre of the canopy. Our results show that the thermal efficiency for berry anthocyanins accumulation was significantly affected by leaf removal and that this effect was dependent of the meteorological conditions, time of the day and berry/cluster location into the vine canopy.

Quantificação de Fases Cristalinas de Incrustações em Colunas de Produção de Petróleo pelo Método Rietveld

The scale is defined as chemical compounds from inorganic nature, initially soluble in salt solutions, which may precipitate accumulate in columns of production and surface equipment. This work aimd to quantify the crystalline phases of scale through the Rietveld method. The study was conducted in scale derived from columns production wells in development and recipients of pigs. After collecting samples of scale were performed the procedure for separations of inorganic and organic phase and preparation to be analyzed at the X-ray Laboratory. The XRD and XRF techniques were used to monitor whether identifying and quantifying crystalline phases present in the deposits. The SEM technique was used to visualize the morphology of the scales and assess their homogeneity after the milling process. XRD measurements were performed with and without milling and with or without the accessory spinner. For quantify crystalline phases the program DBWStools was used. The procedure for conducting the first refinement was instrumental in setting parameters, then the structural parameters of the phases in the sample and finally the parameters of the function profile used. In the diffraction patterns of samples of scale observed that the best measures were those that passed through the mill and used the accessory spinner. Through the results, it was noted that the quantitative analysis for samples of scale is feasible when need to monitor a particular crystalline phase in a well, pipeline or oil field. Routinely, the quantification of phases by the Rietveld method is hardwork because in many scale was very difficult to identify the crystalline phases present

Análisis y comparación de las condiciones de puestos de trabajo de las tres fases de Transmilenio, para establecer los niveles de riesgos ocupacionales

115 p.

INST-D 2014. 394 [Muestras de las fases técnicas de la hilatura mecanizada]

Video 6' 24", formato pm4

Diseño de una guía para el manejo de animales de compañía durante las fases de un desastre y emergencia para la población vulnerable de la localidad de Usaquén, Bogotá

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria

Lineamientos para la evaluación de las fases de investigación y desarrollo en la creación de activos intangibles, por parte de la Industria Farmacéutica, como una herramienta para la unidad de auditoría interna.

En el presente trabajo se pretende establecer los criterios necesarios que contribuyan a la creación de lineamientos para la evaluación de las fases de investigación y desarrollo en la creación de activos intangibles, por parte la Industria Farmacéutica, como una herramienta para la unidad de auditoría interna. Tres son los propósitos específicos que se pretenden obtener del análisis elaborado en el este trabajo: el primero es proporcionar a los auditores internos los fundamentos teóricos y prácticos para la evaluación del control interno de los activos intangibles; en segundo lugar contribuir con las unidades de auditoría internas en el diseño de un documento que permita evaluar los controles en las fases de investigación y desarrollo en la creación de activos intangibles; y proponer a las unidades de auditoría interna lineamientos que le faciliten a dar recomendaciones a la administración sobre la elaboración de los procedimientos de control para las fases de investigación y desarrollo de los activos intangibles creados por las industrias farmacéuticas. Para poder lograr las metas trazadas, se realizó un estudio de carácter analítico con el fin de comprender la problemática existente y combinada con el método estadístico, obtener consideraciones finales y recomendaciones relacionada con ésta. Una de las principales reflexiones obtenidas para la evaluación contable y administrativa de los activos intangibles en las fases de investigación y desarrollo es que no se tiene la claridad por medio de la cual se determine, dentro del proceso de investigación y desarrollo, cuando se activa una fase y cuando la otra es desechada, todo depende de las necesidades y características de las empresas y no de la aplicación de la normativas financieras contables. La recomendación fundamental derivada de todo el análisis, se centra en el establecimiento de políticas de control interno adecuadas que contribuyan a un mejor control de las fases de investigación y desarrollo en la creación de activos intangibles, para que se tomen decisiones adecuadas y oportunas, en torno a los resultados obtenidos por la aplicación de lineamientos de evaluación de control interno, producto del trabajo de los auditores internos.

Environmental factors correlated with the metabolite profile of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir berry skins along a European latitudinal gradient

Mature berries of Pinot Noir grapevines were sampled across a latitudinal gradient in Europe, from southern Spain to central Germany. Our aim was to study the influence of latitude-dependent environmental factors on the metabolite composition (mainly phenolic compounds) of berry skins. Solar radiation variables were positively correlated with flavonols and flavanonols and, to a lesser extent, with stilbenes and cinnamic acids. The daily means of global and erythematic UV solar radiation over long periods (bud break-veraison, bud break-harvest, and veraison-harvest), and the doses and daily means in shorter development periods (5–10 days before veraison and harvest) were the variables best correlated with the phenolic profile. The ratio between trihydroxylated and monohydroxylated flavonols, which was positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, was the berry skin variable best correlated with those radiation variables. Total flavanols and total anthocyanins did not show any correlation with radiation variables. Air temperature, degree days, rainfall, and aridity indices showed fewer correlations with metabolite contents than radiation. Moreover, the latter correlations were restricted to the period veraison-harvest, where radiation, temperature, and water availability variables were correlated, making it difficult to separate the possible individual effects of each type of variable. The data show that managing environmental factors, in particular global and UV radiation, through cultural practices during specific development periods, can be useful to promote the synthesis of valuable nutraceuticals and metabolites that influence wine quality.

Metabolic fingerprint of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) berry pulp using 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis.

Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes cultivares e sazonalidade do açaí utilizando a técnica de 1H NMR para criação de perfis de impressão digital associada a métodos quimiométricos, obtidos a partir de frutos geneticamente modificados (cultivada no controle agronômico) e o comércio na cidade de Belém