Revue des arthroplasties totales de la hanche et du genou infectées--à propos de 28 cas [Review of infected total arthroplasties of the hip and knee--apropos of 28 cases]

This study is a long-term analysis of a group of patients with infected arthroplasties of the hip or the knee. We identified 28 patients with an infected arthroplasty (22 hips, 6 knees) documented by bacterial culture or on direct examination. At the time of diagnosis and on follow-up (a mean of 46 months after treatment) we evaluated the clinical picture, the radiological appearances of the articulation and the biological parameters. 19/28 patients showed a typical clinical picture, whereas in 9 others the picture was more doubtful. The treatments were 14 two-stage replacements of the arthroplasties, 7 simple resections, 5 conservative treatments and 2 one-stage replacements. On follow-up, 25 patients were considered as cured of their infection and 3 as failures. From a functional viewpoint, 9 patients showed no limitation, whereas 19 were limited in the daily activity. Half of the patients had no pain. Radiology showed that 20/26 evaluated patients had no signs of recurrence. Paraclinical examinations are important in the diagnosis of persistent low grade infections, particularly the demonstration of bacteria by pre-surgical sampling (fine needle aspiration, culture from draining sinuses). In spite of the cure of infection, the functional and painful sequellae are often considerable. As a result of our experience, we recommend a two-stage surgical procedure. Only when the general condition of the patient is poor, or when the infection is not under control, would we envisage an alternative procedure (arthrodesis, girdelstone, conservative).

The determinants of pricing in pharmaceuticals: Are U.S. prices really higher than those of Canada?

This paper studies price determination in pharmaceutical markets using data for 25 countries, six years and a comprehensive list of products from the MIDAS IMS database. We show that market power and the quality of the product has a significantly positive impact of prices. The nationality of the producer appears to have a small and often insignificant impact on prices, which suggests that countries which regulates prices have relatively little power to do it in a way that advances narrow national interest. We produce a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon based on the fact that low negotiated prices in a country would have a knock-on effect in other markets, and is thus strongly resisted by producers.Another key finding is that the U.S. has prices that are not significantly higher than those of countries with similar income levels. This, together with the former observation on the effect of the nationality of producers casts doubt on the ability of countries to pursue "free-riding" regulation.

Puheenvuoro eduskunnassa 22.11.1938

Puhe

Elevated endocannabinoid plasma levels are associated with coronary circulatory dysfunction in obesity.

AIMS: Aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between endocannabinoid (EC) plasma levels, such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and coronary circulatory function in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial blood flow (MBF) responses to cold pressor test (CPT) and during pharmacological vasodilation with dipyridamole were measured with (13)N-ammonia PET/CT. Study participants (n = 77) were divided into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)): control group 20 ≤ BMI <25 (n = 21); overweight group, 25 ≤ BMI <30 (n = 26); and obese group, BMI ≥ 30 (n = 30). Anandamide plasma levels, but not 2-AG plasma levels, were significantly elevated in obesity as compared with controls, respectively [0.68 (0.53, 0.78) vs. 0.56 (0.47, 0.66) ng/mL, P = 0.020, and 2.2 (1.21, 4.59) vs. 2.0 (0.80, 5.90) ng/mL, P = 0.806)]. The endothelium-related change in MBF during CPT from rest (ΔMBF) progressively declined in overweight and obese when compared with control group [0.21 (0.10, 0.27) and 0.09 (-0.01, 0.15) vs. 0.26 (0.23, 0.39) mL/g/min; P = 0.010 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Compared with controls, hyperaemic MBFs were significantly lower in overweight and obese individuals [2.39 (1.97, 2.62) vs. 1.98 (1.69, 2.26) and 2.10 (1.76, 2.36); P = 0.007 and P = 0.042, respectively)]. In obese individuals, AEA and 2-AG plasma levels were inversely correlated with ΔMBF to CPT (r = -0.37, P = 0.046 and r = -0.48, P = 0.008) and hyperaemic MBFs (r = -0.38, P = 0.052 and r = -0.45, P = 0.017), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increased EC plasma levels of AEA and 2-AG are associated with coronary circulatory dysfunction in obese individuals. This observation might suggest increases in EC plasma levels as a novel endogenous cardiovascular risk factor in obesity, but needing further investigations.

Distribución y concentración de la munida (Pleuroncodes monodon) en el verano 1996

Presente los resultados de las áreas de distribución de la múnida o camaroncito rojo (Pleuroncodes monodon), durante el Crucero de evaluación de recursos pelágicos 9602-04, a bordo del BIC SNP-1. Así mismo, indica la interrelación de la distribución de los factores ambientales de temperatura y salinidad. Adicionalmente, se estimó la biomasa en 63.342 t mediante una fórmula empírica de fuerza de blanco/longitud. El área de distribución fue de 5.369 mn2. Las principales áreas de distribución estuvieron localizadas en Atico-San Juan, Pucusana-Callao, Chancay-Huacho y Huarmey-Chimbote.

Efectos de la Densidad y Profundidad en la Crianza de la Concha de Abanico (Argopecten purpuratus ) en Cultivos Suspendidos

Entre los meses de mayo de 1983 y febrero de 1984 se efectuaron en la Bahía de Paracas dos experimentos de cultivo de Argopecten purpuratus: uno usando diferentes densidades iniciales (137, 205, 274, 342, y 411 conchas por m2) a 2 m de profundidad y otro en diferentes profundidades (1, 3, 5, y 7 m) con una densidad inicial de 145 ind./m2• La densidad inicial de 342 ind./m2 fue determinada como la optima, llegando a la talla comercial de 70 mm en 204 días y a una carga de 25.5 kg/m2• Cargas de casi 30 kg/m2 fueron obtenidas después de 230 días pero experimentan una fuerte reducción en la tasa de crecimiento y una alta mortalidad. En el experimento a diferentes profundidades las mayores tasas de crecimiento individual y cargas fueron obtenidas en 3 m.

USABILIDADE E ACESSIBILIDADE NA SOCIEDADE DE INFORMAÇÃO: CASO DE ESTUDO MÁQUINAS ATM DA REDE VINTI4 EM CABO VERDE

As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) têm penetrado cada vez mais nos aspectos que fazem o dia-a-dia de cada cidadão. Este tem trazido não só uma melhor qualidade de vida nos países mais desenvolvidos, no que diz respeito a relação entre o governo e o cidadão (e-gov), bem como a promoção do desenvolvimento dos países menos desenvolvidos, promovendo a equidade, transparência, sobretudo, a democracia. Contudo, nesta nova cultura digital, cada vez mais se depende das TIC para o acesso a uma grande variedade de serviços. Perante este cenário, os que possuem deficiência física, principalmente motora, são esquecidos, através de recursos inacessíveis e poucos usáveis, que podem simplesmente paralisar a vida de qualquer cidadão, numa “sociedade digital”. Este artigo visa reflectir sob a realidade constatada no país onde a info-exclusão é uma clara entrave ao desenvolvimento. Neste artigo através de um caso estudo serão feitas algumas recomendações, de forma a contrapor a realidade observada durante a aplicação de um teste de usabilidade e acessibilidade às caixas automáticas.

Variabilidad reproductiva y fecundidad parcial de la Sardina, Sardinops sagax sagax, en otoño 1998, crucero BIC José Olaya Balandra 9805-06 de Tacna a Máncora

Se muestra la variabilidad reproductiva de la sardina menor a 22 centímetros de longitud total, identificándose los ovocitos inmaduros, pre-vitelogénicos, vitelogenados, maduros e hidratados así como el folículo post-ovulatorio. Se compara el estado reproductivo de individuos juveniles con dos épocas distintas. Se registraron individuos maduros a los 17 centímetros y desovantes (con folículos post-ovulatorios) a los 18 centímetros. Se comprobó que la sardina comenzó a madurar a más temprana edad o talla debido probablemente a las condiciones ambientales creadas por el evento El Niño 1997-98 que inició el proceso de maduración. Se estimó la fecundidad parcial de la sardina en 14.342 ovocitos; el rango fluctuó entre 3.323 y 54.326 ovocitos por bache de desove cuya distribución de tallas estuvo comprendida entre 19 y 21 cm de longitud. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 26 individuos.

Verão Loiro

Poemas

Comportamiento de las redes de arrastre pelágicas utilizadas en el crucero BIC Humboldt y BIC Jose Olaya Balandra 9808-09 de Paita a Tacna.

Resultados del comportamiento de las redes de arrastre pelágica modelo alemán Engel 988/400 utilizadas para la Evaluación de Recursos Pelágicos: Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), Sardina (Sardinops sagax sagax), Jurel (Trachurus picturatus murphyi), Caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus) y Samasa (Anchoa nasus) durante el crucero Hidroacústico 9808-09 a bordo de los BICs Humboldt y José Olaya Balandra entre Paita - Callao - Los Palos (Tacna). Se determinó la distancia entre puertas, el área de la boca de la red y el volumen de agua filtrada que tuvieron las redes en los arrastres efectivos de una milla náutica de distancia durante los 188 lances de comprobación, obteniéndose un rendimiento; se capturó un total de 18.357,87 kg; correspondiendo para la anchoveta 653,51 kg; sardina 108,05; jurel 24,84 kg; caballa 299,77 kg; samasa 228,95 kg y otros recursos hidrobiológicos 17.042,76 kg; con un índice de captura (CPUE) de 249,31 kg. Los valores de datos de comportamiento de la red como la abertura horizontal de la boca, abertura vertical, profundidad de la red y distancia entre la relinga inferior al fondo, etc., se obtuvo en forma directa por medio de una net sonda FS 900 SIMRAD, y SCANMAR RX 400, los arrastres tuvieron en promedio una duración de 21 minutos con una velocidad de 3,4 nudos.

Kirjailija Ilmari Kianto 21/7 1960

Kirje 21.7.1960