Keats's Boyish Imagination

Marggraf Turley, Richard, Keats's Boyish Imagination (New York: Routledge, 2003) RAE2008

Spór o kulturę muzyczną w Polsce – twórca modernistyczny w polemice z awangardą na przykładzie działalności i twórczości Tadeusza Szeligowskiego

Wydział Nauk Społecznych

"Not Without My Ancestors": A Christological Case Study of the Shona Ancestor Cult of Zimbabwe

The issue of ancestors has been controversial since the first encounters of Christianity with Shona religion. It remains a major theological problem that needs to be addressed within the mainline churches of Zimbabwe today. Instead of ignoring or dismissing the ancestor cult, which deeply influences the socio-political, religious, and economic lives of the Shona, churches in Zimbabwe should initiate a Christology that is based on it. Such a Christology would engage the critical day-to-day issues that make the Shona turn to their ancestors. Among these concerns are daily protection from misfortune, maintaining good health and increasing longevity, successful rainy seasons and food security, and responsible governance characterized by economic and political stability. Since the mid-16th century arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the Mutapa Kingdom, the Church has realized that many African Christians resorted to their ancestors in times of crisis. Although both Catholic and Protestant missionaries from the 1700s through the early 1900s fiercely attacked Shona traditional beliefs as superstitious and equated ancestors with evil spirits, the cult did not die. Social institutions, such as schools and hospitals provided by missionaries, failed to eliminate ancestral beliefs. Even in the 21st century, many Zimbabweans consult their ancestors. The Shona message to the church remains "Not without My Ancestors." This dissertation examines the significance of the ancestors to the Shona, and how selected denominations and new religious movements have interpreted and accommodated ancestral practices. Taking the missiological goal of "self-theologizing" as the framework, this dissertation proposes a "tripartite Christology" of "Jesus the Family Ancestor", "Jesus the Tribal Ancestor," and "Jesus the National Ancestor," which is based on the Shona "tripartite ancestrology." Familiar ecclesiological and liturgical language, idioms, and symbols are used to contribute to the wider Shona understanding of Jesus as the ancestor par excellence, in whom physical and spiritual needs-including those the ordinary ancestors fail to meet-are fulfilled.

Rethinking Amnesties: Atrocity, Accountability And Impunity In Post-Conflict Societies.

The notion of accountability that is propagated in transitional justice often appears limited to demands for the prosecution and imprisonment of those who have been involved in serious human rights violations. Amnesties, widely understood as the absence of punishment for wrongdoing, are in turn considered by many scholars and activists as an example par excellence of the kind of Faustian pacts which are made in the name of political expediency in transitions from conflict. Drawing from a range of interdisciplinary literature, as well as research completed by the authors in a number of societies with a violent past, this paper uses amnesties as a case-study to argue for a more rounded interrogation of the notion of accountability in transitional justice. The paper charts the various forms of intersecting accountability which both shape and delimit amnesties at key ‘moments’ concerning their remit, introduction and operation. The paper concludes that the legalistic view of amnesties as equating to impunity and retribution as accountability is inaccurate and misleading. It argues that a broader perspective of accountability speaks directly to the capacity for amnesties to play a more constructive role in post conflict justice and peacemaking.

Narrative Personae and Visual Signs: Reading Leonard’s intimate photo-memoir. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies.

: In this paper, I look at Joanne Leonard’s Being in Pictures and engage in a critical dialogue with an assemblage of visual and textual narratives that comprise her intimate photo memoir. In doing this I draw on Hannah Arendt’s take on narratives as tangible traces of uniqueness and plurality, political traits par excellence in the cultural histories of the human condition. Being aware of my role as a reader/viewer/interpreter of a woman artist’s auto/biographical narratives, I move beyond dilemmas of representation or questions of unveiling “the real Leonard”. The artist is instead configured as a narrative persona, whose narratives respond to three interrelated themes of inquiry, namely the visualization of spatial technologies, vulnerability and the gendering of memory. Key words: gendered memories, narrative persona, spatial technologies, photo memoir, vulnerability

O discurso sobre o estado vegetativo nas notícias online em Portugal

Tese de mestrado, Bioética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Moment of stasis: the successful failure of a constitution for Europe

The 2005 French and Dutch negative votes on the Constitution open up a space of conceptualisation, not only of Europe's relation to its demos, but significantly to its failures. Through a critical analysis of mainly Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, the article proposes taking a distance from traditional constitutional dogmatics that are no longer capable of dealing with the paradox of contemporary society, and more specifically with the eventual resurgence of the European project as one of absence and stasis: the two terms are used to explain the need, on the one hand, to maintain the 'absent community' of Europe, and, on the other, to start realising that any conceptualisation of the European project will now have to take place in that space of instability and contingency revealed by the constitutional failure. The relation between law and politics, the location of a constitution, the distinction between social and normative legitimacy, the connection between European identity and demos, and the concept of continuity between constitutional text and context are revisited in an attempt to trace the constitutional failure as the constitutional moment par excellence.

Aspectos teóricos y prácticos de la interpretación de congresos de medicina

Los congresos de medicina se destacan actualmente como uno de los eventos multilingües que se celebran con más frecuencia en el panorama internacional. Recurrir a los servicios de interpretación se revela como un hecho habitual entre los organizadores de estos encuentros, especialmente en determinados ámbitos nacionales. Por consiguiente, los congresos de medicina brindan grandes posibilidades laborales a los intérpretes de conferencias, sobre todo a aquellos cuya combinación lingüística es inglés-español, dado que el inglés se define, sin lugar a dudas, como la lengua por excelencia de la comunicación médica. No obstante, a pesar de esta demanda creciente en nuestra sociedad actual, los planteamientos académicos y profesionales siguen siendo, en gran medida, teóricos e intuitivos, fruto de experiencias personales, carentes en la mayoría de los casos de un respaldo empírico. Para corroborar o descartar ciertas presuposiciones establecidas a priori por estudiosos de la interpretación especializada, como pueden ser el uso de determinadas fuentes documentales y métodos de preparación, la evaluación de determinados parámetros de calidad o el nivel de especialización del intérprete, nos servimos de unas medidas de valoración retrospectivas en intérpretes profesionales especializados en congresos de medicina para verificar nuestro objetivo fundamental: en qué medida se alejan las teorías establecidas de la práctica profesional.

El predomínio del inglês en el lenguaje científico: características del lenguaje médico español en la actualidad

Sin lugar a dudas, el inglés se ha convertido en las últimas décadas en la lingua franca de la comunidad científica internacional, desplazando incluso a otras lenguas que tuvieron una gran importancia en otras épocas, caso del francés o del alemán. El lenguaje científico español también ha sucumbido a esta entrada masiva del inglés en las distintas disciplinas científico-técnicas, y presenta desde hace unas décadas ciertas características que no son propias de las reglas gramaticales del español y que son el fruto de una contaminación lingüística derivada de la penetración del inglés. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las características del lenguaje médico tal y como lo podemos encontrar en las publicaciones españolas actuales. Para ello, el artículo se divide en tres apartados: en primer lugar, haremos un breve recorrido por la historia del lenguaje médico como punto de partida para comprender la evolución de este lenguaje. En segundo lugar, analizaremos las características principales dentro de los niveles léxicosemántico, morfosintáctico y fonético-fonológico del lenguaje médico español y veremos la influencia que ha tenido el inglés en el proceso de evolución del mismo. En tercer lugar, examinaremos los procedimientos de creación y formación de términos médicos y cómo afectan al desarrollo lingüístico de la terminología.

A nanopore-based stochastic detection method: Single molecule characterisation of nanoparticles using ()- hemolysin

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Chemistry.

As Comissões Parlamentares de Inquérito no Portugal democrático, 1976-2015

As transformações operadas no mundo contemporâneo, em especial no que respeita às estruturas do poder, à sua maior autonomização e diferenciação, tiveram particulares reflexos ao nível dos Parlamentos e das funções que prosseguem. Desde a sua origem, no passado século XIII, à atualidade, grandes acontecimentos, clivagens e factos históricos estão presentes na sua linha evolutiva. A democratização do regime parlamentar e a legitimidade outorgada através de eleições democráticas e concorrenciais são um marco ímpar na sua história. A complexidade das sociedades hodiernas catapultou o Poder Executivo em detrimento do Parlamento, enquanto órgão legislativo por excelência. Tal circunstancialismo levou, não ao proclamado declínio dos Parlamentos, mas a reformas estruturantes. Outras e mais importantes funções seriam prosseguidas. Se as iniciativas legislativas e a definição das políticas públicas passaram a ser quase um exclusivo do Governo, havia que desenvolver e ampliar, por parte dos Parlamentos, os instrumentos de controlo, fiscalização e escrutínio da ação governativa. Entre os clássicos instrumentos de controlo avulta o Inquérito Parlamentar, materializado em Comissões Parlamentares de Inquérito, dotadas de poderes especiais para recolha de informação e para investigação. No seu percurso parlamentar, também as Comissões de Inquérito foram sendo alvo de constantes aperfeiçoamentos, de ordem constitucional, legal e regimental. A excessiva partidarização da atividade parlamentar de outrora e sobretudo a confusão entre o governo e o partido que o sustentava a nível parlamentar, o confronto desequilibrado de meios entre as maiorias e as minorias, levaram a um reposicionamento do inquérito parlamentar enquanto garante do direito das minorias. Não sendo expectável que as grandes iniciativas de controlo sejam tomadas pelo partido maioritário, cabe à oposição esse papel. Em Portugal, diminuta era a tradição do instituto do inquérito parlamentar, razão porque foi efémera e sem resultado a sua utilização no tempo da monarquia constitucional. O regime democrático, abraçado com o 25 de abril de 1974, relançou o órgão de soberania Parlamento e estabeleceu prioridades. Até ao amadurecimento da democracia viveram-se tempos mais conturbados mas de grande aprendizagem. O inquérito Parlamentar, a partir da revisão constitucional de 1982, passou conceptualmente a integrar um dos meios mais relevantes da fiscalização política. É, pois, o levantamento exaustivo e a análise das Comissões Parlamentares de Inquérito no Portugal democrático, período de 1976-2015, o objetivo a que nos propomos neste estudo.

The monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 : mechanism of regulation in astrocytes and its putative role in cerebral ischemia

Despite its small fraction of the total body weight (2%), the brain contributes for 20% and 25% respectively of the total oxygen and glucose consumption of the whole body. Indeed, glucose has been considered the energy substrate par excellence for the brain. However, evidence accumulated over the last half century revealed an important role for the monocarboxylate lactate in fulfilling the energy needs of neurons. This is particularly true during physiological neuronal activation and in pathological conditions. Lactate transport into and out of the cell is mediated by a family of proton-linked transporters called monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). In the central nervous system, only three of them have been well characterized: MCT2 is the predominant neuronal isoform, while the other non¬neuronal cell types of the brain express the ubiquitous isoform MCT1. Quite recently, the MCT4 isoform has been described in astrocytes. Due to its high transport capacity compared to the other two isoforms, MCT4 is particularly adapted for glycolytic cells. Because of its recent discovery in the brain, nothing was known about its regulation in the central nervous system. Here we show that MCT4 is regulated by oxygen levels in primary cultures of astrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via the hypoxia inducible factor-la (HIF-la). Moreover, we showed that MCT4 expression is essential for astrocyte survival under low oxygen conditions. In parallel, we investigated the possible implication of the pyruvate kinase isoform Pkm2, a strong enhancer of glycolysis, in its regulation. Then we showed that MCT4 expression, as well as the expression of the other two MCT isoforms, is altered in a murine model of stroke. Surprisingly, neurons started to express MCT4, as well as MCT1, under such conditions. Altogether, these data suggest that MCT4, due to its high transport capacity for lactate, may be the isoform that enables cells to operate a major metabolic adaptation in response to pathological situations that alter metabolic homeostasis of the brain. -- Le cerveau représente 2% du poids corporel total, mais il contribue pour 20% de la consommation totale d'oxygène et 25% de celle de glucose au repos. Le glucose est considéré comme le substrat énergétique par excellence pour le cerveau. Néanmoins, depuis un demi- siècle maintenant, de plus en plus de travaux ont démontré que le lactate joue un rôle majeur dans le métabolisme cérébral et est capable du subvenir aux besoins énergétiques des neurones. Le lactate est tout particulièrement nécessaire pendant l'activation neuronale ainsi qu'en situation pathologique. Le transport du lactate à travers la barrière hématoencéphalique ainsi qu'à travers les membranes cellulaires est assuré par la famille des transporteurs aux monocarboxylates (MCTs). Dans le système nerveux central, uniquement trois d'entre eux ont été décrits: MCT2 est considéré comme le transporteur neuronal, alors que les autres types cellulaires qui constituent le cerveau expriment l'isoforme ubiquitaire MCT1. Récemment, l'isoforme MCT4 a été rapportée sur les astrocytes. Dû à sa grande capacité de transport pour le lactate, MCT4 est tout particulièrement adapté pour soutenir le métabolisme des cellules hautement glycolytiques, comme les astrocytes. En raison de sa toute récente découverte, les aspects comprenant sa régulation et son rôle dans le cerveau sont pour l'instant méconnus. Les résultats exposés dans ce travail démontrent dans un premier temps que l'expression de MCT4 est régulée par les niveaux d'oxygène dans les cultures d'astrocytes corticaux par le biais du facteur de transcription HIF-la. De plus, nous avons démontré que l'expression de MCT4 est essentielle à la survie des astrocytes quand le niveau d'oxygénation baisse. En parallèle, des résultats préliminaires suggèrent que l'isoforme 2 de la pyruvate kinase, un puissant régulateur de la glycolyse, pourrait jouer un rôle dans la régulation de MCT4. Dans la deuxième partie du travail nous avons démontré que l'expression de MCT4, ainsi que celle de MCT1 et MCT2, est altérée dans un modèle murin d'ischémie cérébrale. De façon surprenante, les neurones expriment MCT4 dans cette condition, alors que ce n'est pas le cas en condition physiologique. En tenant compte de ces résultats, nous suggérons que MCT4, dû à sa particulièrement grande capacité de transport pour le lactate, représente le MCT qui permet aux cellules du système nerveux central, notamment les astrocytes et les neurones, de s'adapter à de très fortes perturbations de l'homéostasie métabolique du cerveau qui surviennent en condition pathologique.

Desire and the paths of recognation [sic] in Hegel's intersubjectivity

This thesis poses two fundamental issues regarding Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity. Firstly, it examines Kojeve's problematic interpretation of Hegelian intersubjectivity as being solely rooted in the dialectic of lordship and bondage. It is my contention that Kojeve conflates the concepts of recognition {Anerkennung) with that of desire (Begierde), thereby reducing Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity to a violent reduction of the other to the same. This is so despite the plenary of examples Hegel uses to define intersubjectivity as the mutual (reciprocal) recognition between the self and the other. Secondly, it examines Hegel's use of Sophocles' Antigone to demonstrate the notion of the individual par excellence. I contend that Hegel's use of Antigone opens a new methodological framework through which to view his philosophy of intersubjectivity. It is Antigone that demonstrates the upheaval of an economy of exchange between the self and the other, whereby the alterity of the other transcends the self Ultimately, Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity must be reexamined, not only to dismiss Kojeve's problematic interpretation, but also to pose the possibility that Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity can viably account for a philosophy of the other that has a voice in contemporary philosophical debate.

La gestion du savoir à l’ère du numérique : Les politiques de choix, de développement et de gestion de collections

Présenté au 36e congrès de la Corporation des bibliothécaires professionnels du Québec (CBPQ).

La melancolía en Atlántida de Oscar Villegas : representación teatral del carácter nacional mexicano

Les images qui représentent le Mexicain le montrent habituellement sous les traits d’un être extrêmement mélancolique qui fait face à un destin tragique. Les nombreux mythes entourant le Mexicain, issus de la culture même, sont effectivement reliés de près ou de loin à la peur et la tristesse, soit deux composantes essentielles de la mélancolie. L’anthropologue Roger Bartra dans La jaula de la melancolía: identidad y metamorfosis del mexicano analyse ces éléments clés qui constitueraient la personnalité du Mexicain. L’objectif de cette recherche est de démontrer que Atlántida d’Oscar Villegas est l’œuvre par excellence qui représente cette mélancolie toute mexicaine. Dans sa pièce de théâtre, Villegas raconte l’histoire d’une jeune artiste de cabaret qui vit de nombreuses désillusions dans un monde vulgaire et pervers où les valeurs humaines font défaut. Le dramaturge met en scène le Mexico urbain des années quarante et montre le désespoir et l’impossibilité pour les habitants de ses quartiers pauvres de changer le cours de leur vie. En plus d’être une pièce de théâtre qui, tant au niveau de son contenu que de sa forme, porte en elle les marques de la mélancolie, Atlántida met en relief ces caractéristiques devenues au fil du temps représentatives de l’image nationale du Mexicain. L’étude de cette œuvre s’appuie sur les théories d’analyse du texte théâtral d’Anne Ubersfeld qui propose une approche centrée sur l’action et les conditions de communication contenues dans les dialogues. Faire le pont entre la pièce de théâtre de Villegas et l’essai de Bartra permet d’explorer le lien intrinsèque qui semble s’établir entre Mexicain et mélancolie.