Prácticas de responsabilidad social empresarial y bienestar de los empleados en el marco de las organizaciones saludables

La noción de organización saludable cada vez toma mayor relevancia en el mundo académico y empresarial, pues se ha demostrado que las organizaciones que crean ambientes saludables y adoptan prácticas saludables, afectan positivamente a sus diferentes grupos de interés, incluidos empleados, socios, proveedores, clientes y la sociedad (Grueso y Rey, 2013). Con el fin de contribuir a lo anteriormente mencionado, a continuación se presenta el avance de una investigación de tipo documental y aplicada, mediante la que se pretende comprender la forma como la adopción de prácticas de responsabilidad social contribuye al bienestar de los empleados en dos compañías del sector comercio al detal en Colombia. Para lograr lo anterior, primero se mostrarán los fundamentos teóricos y antecedentes de estudios e investigaciones realizadas sobre Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el bienestar de los empleados. Posteriormente se describe la metodología desarrollada para la recolección de la información y el proceso mediante el que esta fue analizada. En la siguiente sección se describen los hallazgos y por último se plantean las conclusiones del estudio.

Differential reporting and the effect on loan evaluations : an experimental study

This study utilises a mexed design laboratory experiment to test the impact of differential reporting on one group of external financial report users-lenders. The results indicate that the judgments of bank loan officers' assessment of the ability of a borrower to repay, are not significantly affected by differential reporting (in this case, presentation on non-GAAP financial reports compared to GAAP financial reports). However, bankers request additional information from borrowers when non-GAAP financial reports are presented.

Profit and organisational legitimacy in an emerging market

While there is common acknowledgement that the main aim of organisations is to maximise shareholder wealth, firms also have the obligation to manage the needs of a broader group of stakeholders as these firms are a product of social creation. In this study, we test the notion that the concept, profit, is fundamental to society’s perception of the firm in an emerging market, and the need for a firm to legitimise a level of profit. We evaluate the relationship between the readability of various components of corporate annual reports and the level of profit, and we also take into account the nature of disclosure (mandatory and non-mandatory), the size of the firm and the nature of setup (public enterprises and publicly listed companies). Our findings suggest that, as with developed markets, in emerging markets profit is indeed an important determinant of the nature of operations of a firm, and that firms consider readability of their disclosures in attempting to legitimise a level of profit.

Were regulatory changes in reporting "abnormal items" justified? : evidence of intra-period classificatory earnings management practices in Australia

Purpose Managers generally have discretion in determining how components of earnings are presented in financial statements in distinguishing between ‘normal’ earnings and items classified as unusual, special, significant, exceptional or abnormal. Prior research has found that such intra-period classificatory choice is used as a form of earnings management. Prior to 2001, Australian accounting standards mandated that unusually large items of revenue and expense be classified as ‘abnormal items’ for financial reporting, but this classification was removed from accounting standards from 2001. This move by the regulators was partly in response to concerns that the abnormal classification was being used opportunistically to manage reported pre-abnormal earnings. This study extends the earnings management literature by examining the reporting of abnormal items for evidence of intra-period classificatory earnings management in the unique Australian setting. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates associations between reporting of abnormal items and incentives in the form of analyst following and the earnings benchmarks of analysts’ forecasts, earnings levels, and earnings changes, for a sample of Australian top-500 firms for the seven-year period from 1994 to 2000. Findings The findings suggest there are systematic differences between firms reporting abnormal items and those with no abnormal items. Results show evidence that, on average, firms shifted expense items from pre-abnormal earnings to bottom line net income through reclassification as abnormal losses. Originality/value These findings suggest that the standard setters were justified in removing the ‘abnormal’ classification from the accounting standard. However, it cannot be assumed that all firms acted opportunistically in the classification of items as abnormal. With the removal of the standardised classification of items outside normal operations as ‘abnormal’, firms lost the opportunity to use such disclosures as a signalling device, with the consequential effect of limiting the scope of effectively communicating information about the nature of items presented in financial reports.

On organisational legitimacy practices in developing economies : a profit and readability based approach

In this study, we investigate whether organisations in developing markets legitimise their use of societal resources. We concur that organisations’ existence in developing markets is also part of a social contract. Within this implied contract, organisations are to leverage resources in an equitable manner, allowing fair distribution of benefits to society and themselves. In this setting, we propose that the level of profit is the best indicator of the outcome of use of resources, and is subject to numerous societal emotions in developing economies. We also propose that readability of narratives relating to a level of profit is the best measure of organisations’ immediate legitimacy activities. Five-year data on profitability and readability of sections of corporate annual reports from 30 organisations reveals that organisations with higher profits present more readable narrative disclosures in their annual reports. This relationship is more evident in larger companies and with the public enterprises. These outcomes imply that organisations communicate their profit-related information in ways to manage an appropriate impression and legitimize a level of profit. The study’s outcomes also imply that authorities need to monitor organisations rights to protected existence continuously, as their legitimacy efforts suggest that higher levels of profit may be an outcome of potential misuse of resources.

Joseph A. Rosen Papers 1921-1938

With few exceptions, the bulk of the collection pertains to the work of the Agro-Joint. Records of the Agro-Joint Director General. Agreements of the American Relief Administration (ARA) and the Joint Distribution Committee with the Soviet government, 1922-1923. Agreements between the Agro-Joint and the Soviet government, 1924, 1927, 1928. Agreements of the Agro-Joint and the American Society for Jewish Farm Settlements (ASJFS) with the Soviet government, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1938. Materials relating to relief work of the JDC within the framework of the American Relief Administration, 1922, including the appointment of J. Rosen as the JDC representative at the ARA. Statistics, reports, miscellaneous correspondence relating to JDC activities in Russia. Minutes, memos, reports, legal documents, certificate of incorporation, and general correspondence relating to the ASJFS, its formation, fund-raising activities, 1927-1939. Records of the Agro-Joint Main Office, Moscow. Annual and periodi c reports of the Agro-Joint including statistics, financial estimates, financial reports, analyses of expenditures, relating to Agro-Joint work, 1924-1937. General correspondence files: incoming and outgoing letters, reports, and memoranda. Materials relating to land surveys and allocations in the Crimea: statistics, surveys, memos, correspondence, relating to the Salsk district, Chernomor district, Changar peninsula, Azov, Kuban, Odessa district, Samara district, Povolzhe, Krivoy Rog, Kherson, The Far East, Siberia. Materials relating to contacts with KOMZET. Correspondence, minutes of KOMZET meetings, statistical information, reports. By-laws of the OZET (Obshchestvo po Zemleustroystvu Trudyachtchikhsya Evreev - Association For the Settlement of Toiling Jews On Land) and AGRO-KUSTBANK (Evreysky Agrarno-Kustarny Bank - Jewish Agricultural and House Workers Bank). Register of Agro-Joint assets transferred to KOMZET. Records of the Agro-Joint Agricultural Department. Materials

Synagogue Council of America records 1935-1974

Contains the constitution, by-laws, correspondence, papers, and minutes of the Synagogue Council of America (1935-1958), an incomplete set of the minutes of the Plenum, (1949-1965), the minutes of the Executive Committee (1946-1969), Officers' (Summit) Meetings (1955-1967) and the minutes and reports of the Budget Committee (1946-1966), financial reports and statements for 1942-1965 and fundraising activities (1958-1968).

Efectos tamaño y sector sobre la rentabilidad, endeudamiento y coste de la deuda de las empresas familiares riojanas

Ponencia presentada y defendida en las XIV jornadas Hispano Lusas de Gestión Científica celebradas en Azores en febrero de 2004.

Gestão de relacionamento com os clientes em um ambiente automatizado: estudo de caso em um escritório de contabilidade

O entendimento das necessidades dos clientes tornou-se mandatório para sobreviver em um mercado globalizado e altamente competitivo. Por isso, o conceito de gestão de relacionamento com os clientes é fundamental para as empresas. Atualmente, as organizações buscam recursos para atrair, reter e cultivar os clientes. Neste sentido, os escritórios de contabilidade estão investindo no aperfeiçoamento dos métodos de interação com os clientes. Uma maneira diferenciada é a utilização de soluções tecnológicas. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as estratégias utilizadas por um escritório de contabilidade automatizado para gerir o relacionamento com os seus clientes. Além disso, o objetivo específico foi sugerir estratégias que possam ser aplicadas em escritórios de contabilidade. O estudo foi classificado como uma pesquisa aplicada e exploratória. Para a coleta de dados foi realizado um estudo de caso por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com um empresário de um escritório contábil. A pesquisa constatou que o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas proporciona facilidade de acesso ao escritório, rapidez no negócio e no processo decisório dos clientes. As sugestões de estratégias elencadas no estudo permitem aprimorar os canais de interação dos escritórios de contabilidade, incentivar o uso das soluções tecnológicas e facilitar as tomadas de decisões empresarias por meio das demonstrações financeiras geradas.

Métrica de desempenho operacional: um estudo do EBITDA no gerenciamento de segmentos

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as práticas de divulgação do EBITDA como métrica de desempenho operacional no gerenciamento de segmentos, no período de 2010 a 2012. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa dos dados realizada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo das Notas Explicativas e do Relatório da Administração. A amostra objetiva é composta por 260 empresas com situação ativa na BM&FBOVESPA em 2013 e distribuídas entre 20 setores da economia. O ano inicial de pesquisa foi determinado pelo fato de ser o primeiro ano da obrigatoriedade de divulgação das Informações por Segmento conforme o pronunciamento técnico do CPC 22. Inicialmente, foram analisadas 780 notas explicativas. Em seguida, a partir da investigação das divulgações das Informações por Segmento pelo CPC 22 em notas explicativas a amostra de trabalho foi constituída por 185; 198 e 203 entidades, respectivamente, em 2010, 2011 e 2012. Deste modo, foram observados nesses três anos 586 relatórios da administração. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que as práticas de divulgação do EBITDA com métrica de desempenho operacional no gerenciamento de Segmentos possui uma representatividade de evidenciação entre os relatórios financeiros de 18%; 16% e 17% respectivamente em 2010, 2011 e 2012. O relatório financeiro com maior participação na divulgação do EBITDA no gerenciamento de negócios foi o Relatório da Administração com 11% em 2010, 10% em 2011 e 11% em 2012. Conclui-se que, em média, 83% das companhias abertas brasileiras não utilizaram o EBITDA como métrica de desempenho operacional no gerenciamento dos segmentos no período de 2010 a 2012.

Investment and Capitalization of Firms in the USA

In the USA today, the precipitous rise of new financial mechanisms for capitalisation of firms as well as the merger and acquisition of others, especially risk equity capital through venture capitalist and investment banking, has sparked growth and helped to bring the economy out of the 1990s recession into a robust continuous growth pattern well positioned for the next century. The scenario is not new. For the venture capitalists of ''Silicon Valley'' in California, the experience is not new. They have seen the new industries arise before, like a phoenix from ashes of ruin, despair and even failure. Venture capital poured into high tech start-up companies has been an enormous source of financial support for the entrepreneurs who head new and growing companies. The mid-1990s marked the most dramatic increase yet recorded. Indicators, such as the NASDAQ document, outlined the solid and continuous growth in high tech industries. The paper discusses investment in US corporations within the context of governance and management of the company. Discussion about the various forms of finance are related to the organisation and management of the US corporation. Critical to any firm today are its ability to find innovative, new products or services. A growing literature on resource-base framework for analysis will be discussed as part of the firm's development of research for commercialisation. The results of a recent survey further shed light on the relationship between corporate financial management and allocated resources for research and development as the ''engine'' for new product development and therefore corporate market share and growth. The conclusion is that more financial mechanisms will be created and changed within US corporate systems to adjust, grow, and expand companies in the global economic arena, as the inevitable economic pattern leads to mergers, consolidations, and increasing cooperation and alliances among firms.

Information disclosure and depositor discipline in the Chinese banking sector

We investigate the relationship between information disclosure and depositor behaviour in the Chinese banking sector. Specifically, we enquire whether enhanced information disclosure enables investors to more effectively infer a banking institution's risk profile, thereby influencing their deposit decisions. Utilising an unbalanced panel, incorporating financial data from 169 Chinese banks over the 1998–2009 period, we employ generalised-method-of-moments (GMM) estimation procedures to control for potential endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and persistence in the dependent variable. We uncover evidence that: (i) the growth rate of deposits is sensitive to bank fundamentals after controlling for macroeconomic factors, diversity in ownership structure, and government intervention; (ii) a bank publicly disclosing more transparent information in its financial reports, is more likely to experience growth in its deposit base; and (iii) banks characterised by high information transparency, well-capitalised and adopted international accounting standards, are more able to attract funds by offering higher interest rates.

Depreciações de activos fixos tangíveis: o impacto da alteração dos métodos de depreciação nos resultados das entidades

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientadora: Mestre Helena Maria Santos de Oliveira

Abordagem ao risco de crédito no âmbito do acordo de Basileia III em Portugal

Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Mestre Adalmiro Álvaro Malheiro de Castro Andrade Pereira

Estudo económico das energias renováveis: o caso português

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Empreendedorismo e Internacionalização, sob orientação de Maria Clara Dias Pinto Ribeiro