Komizm w teorii i praktyce antycznej powieści greckiej

The topic of the study entitled humour in the ancient greek novels: the theoretical conceptions and the lite- rary practice is significance of humour in ancient Greek novels. In the first part of this study the theoretical aspects are examined with reference to the conceptions of contemporary researchers of Greek novels. The influence of the humour on the character of the world presented in particular novels is considered in the second part of the article.

Pleasure and instruction in the Prologue of Longus’ “Daphnis and Chloe”

The present study attempts to demonstrate that the ancient Greek novel Daphnis and Chloe systematically explores the problem expressed by Horace in the phrase docere et delectare, and that this purpose is announced in the Prologue. The functions of prologues as such are briefly reviewed. After a consideration of the prologues of the remaining ancient Greek novels, the Prologue of Longus’s Daphnis and Chloe is analyzed line by line. Longus uses the Prologue, then, to establish a series of dialectical tensions that operate throughout the novel, allowing it to delight and instruct at the same time.

Translation of Longus: 'Daphnis and Chloe'

A translation into English of 'Daphnis and Chloe', the ancient Greek novel by Longus.

Greek thinkers: a history of ancient philosophy.

Vol. 1 tr. by L. Magnus, v. 2-4, by G. G. Berry.

The magical transformation contest in the ancient storytelling tradition

El concurso de transformación mágica, esquema narrativo difundido en la tradición popular, se presenta en dos variantes principales: los hechiceros que compiten pueden metamorfosearse en varios seres o crear esos seres por medios mágicos. En cualquier caso el concursante ganador da a luz criaturas más fuertes que superan las de su oponente. La segunda variante fue preferida en el antiguo Cercano Oriente (Sumeria, Egipto, Israel). La primera se puede encontrar en algunos mitos griegos sobre cambiadores de forma (por ejemplo, Zeus y Némesis). El mismo esquema narrativo puede haber influido en un episodio de la Novela de Alejandro (1.36-38), en el que Darío envía regalos simbólicos a Alejandro y los dos monarcas enemigos ofrecen contrastantes explicaciones de ellos. Esta historia griega racionaliza el concurso de cuento de hadas, transfiriendo las fantásticas hazañas de creaciones milagrosas a un plano secundario pero realista de metáfora lingüística.

Estudio de los usos de πλήν ["plén"] y de su empleo en la novela griega antigua

Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del PI UPV 106.130-HA092/99.

A cicatriz do Tatarana: o sagrado feminino em Grande sertão: veredas

O trabalho analisa, na obra Grande Sertão: Veredas de João Guimarães Rosa (1956), elementos discursivos indicadores de um modo de narrar que ficcionaliza, tanto na forma quanto no teor de sua mensagem, manifestações do sagrado originárias da Antiguidade grega e da tradição judaico-cristã. A partir da analogia entre a obra de Guimarães Rosa e a Odisseia de Homero, tornam-se evidentes vestígios do épico e de modelos clássicos de narrativa que, revestidos do peculiar trabalho da linguagem rosiana, adensam a complexidade do romance. O paralelismo com as Sagradas Escrituras, mais difuso, projeta as ações num patamar dramático, em que se decidem o destino das personagens e a solenidade do discurso memorável. A fundamentação teórica articula o pensamento de Erich Auerbach, André Jolles, Rudolf Otto e também de estudiosos que se dedicaram à obra do autor mineiro, como Kathrin Rosenfield. Esse recorte mostrou a presença do sagrado em microcélulas entretecidas ao emaranhado de histórias e causos que costuram a obra prima de Rosa. A cicatriz da Tatarana alude à cicatriz de Ulisses, sinal revelador da identidade do herói grego e que, no caso do jagunço Riobaldo, desoculta um amor negado por meio da purgação do passado, elaborada numa conversa "unilateral com um suposto interlocutor. Em linguagem mítica e mágica, a figura nebulosa de Diadorim funciona como índice de ambiguidade e, ao mesmo tempo, da revelação alcançada através da morte. A pesquisa, por seu turno, segue as veredas abertas pelo estudo de Tereza Virgínia Ribeiro Barbosa a respeito das mulheres vestidas de sol, metáfora relacionada a Medeia, mas que se projeta na Virgem Maria e numa linhagem de figuras femininas da América Latina ligadas ao sagrado. Verificamos, na perspectiva das transferências culturais do tipo passado místico-mistérico/posteridade fabular, que o discurso de Riobaldo é atravessado por micronarrativas de longa tradição que sincretizam diferentes símbolos exotéricos. O trabalho encerra sua investigação desvendando a dualidade do sertão rosiano, onde impera o embate entre fé e ceticismo, a dúvida e a razão, o amor e o ódio, o masculino e o feminino, que resulta no inacabado, na travessia, a vida como metáfora, no campo das infinitas possibilidades do homem humano

Vers une autre temporalité de la "parthénos" : entre mythe, littérature et disciplines du corps

Cette thèse trace la généalogie culturelle de la jeune fille en Occident en ciblant les moments charnières de son devenir femme au sein de structures de savoir qui ont activement participé à forger cette figure hétéronormative. Mon objectif est de produire une analyse culturelle en forgeant une cartographie des adolescences au féminin. Afin de sortir de la temporalité téléologique de la virginité et de la défloration, j’emprunte un mot étranger, parthénos, qui fait appel à l’idée de la jeune fille, sans nécessairement se limiter à ses connotations conventionnelles. La première partie, intitulée « La virginité, une affaire de jeunes filles », laisse place à une analyse du concept de parthénos à partir d’une lecture au carrefour de la médecine, de la loi et du mythe. Une lecture du traité hippocratique De la maladie des jeunes filles dévoile comment la défloration et la grossesse deviennent une cure érotique, une discipline du corps, qui décide du passage de la jeune fille dans une temporalité utile à la Cité. Un déplacement paradigmatique s’opère au 19e siècle dans les écrits médico-légaux, parce que l’hymen, auparavant inexistant dans la doxa hippocratique, devient le signe matériel par excellence pour examiner le statut de virginité de la fille. L’analyse de ces traités (frères Beck, Ambroise Tardieu, Paulier et Hétet) révèle la configuration de pratiques et de discours d’infantilisation des victimes de viol, et le refus des médecins légistes de reconnaître qu’une femme mariée puisse être violée. À partir d’une lecture contemporaine des tragédies L’Orestie d’Eschyle et Antigone de Sophocle, je montre que les figures d’Antigone et d’Électre constituent des exemples et des symboles convaincants de ce destin funeste de la parthénos qui n’accède jamais au statut de femme mariée. À ces figures mortelles, se télescopent les figures d’Artémis et des Érinyes pour montrer le potentiel de régénération inhérent à la figure de la parthénos. La deuxième partie, qui porte le titre « Le liminaire. Repenser les devenirs de l’adolescence », engage une réflexion à la lisière du contexte contemporain des Girlhood Studies, de la psychanalyse sociale et des études féministes sur le corps et le sexe, pour faciliter le déploiement d’une cartographie plus contextualisée du concept de parthénos. Je montre ici les écueils et les effets du danger qu’engendre la rationalité économique (cf. Henry A. Giroux) pour les espaces de liberté et d’exploration propres à l’adolescence. Cette posture est appuyée sur une lecture des récentes études en psychanalyse sociale (Anne Bourgain, Olivier Douville et Edmond Ortigues). Il est ainsi question d’identifier ce qui marque le passage entre l’adolescence et l’âge adulte : la crainte de la disparition et le fantasme de la naissance de soi. La théorie de la volatilité corporelle qu’élabore Elizabeth Grosz à propos de la sexualité féminine, ainsi que les théories de Michel Foucault, reprises par Judith Butler, en ce qui concerne les disciplines du corps, répondent à mon objectif de sortir de l’écueil d’une temporalité téléologique pour saisir les effets et les ramifications du discours sur la matérialité du corps de la jeune fille, sur ce qui lui arrive lorsqu’elle ne correspond pas tout à fait à l’idéal de régulation. Enfin, la dernière partie, qui porte le titre « Temporalités de la parthénos en tant que sujet liminaire », est traversée par les modalités particulières de la parthénia qui semble désincarnée dans la littérature contemporaine. L’objectif est de prouver que la virginité est toujours un marqueur symbolique qui déploie le destin de la fille dans un horizon particulier, trop souvent celui de la disparition. En proposant un éventail de cinq textes littéraires que j’inscris au sein d’une posture généalogique, je souhaite voir dans la littérature contemporaine, une volonté, parfois aussi un échec, dans cette pensée de la parthénos en tant que sujet liminaire. Le récit Vu du ciel de Christine Angot montre que l’ascension vers le statut d’ange concerne seulement les victimes enfants. Le récit d’Angot met donc en lumière la distinction entre la vraie victime, toujours innocente et pré-pubère, et la fausse victime, l’adolescente. Contrairement à Vu du ciel, The Lovely Bones d’Alice Sebold met en scène la possibilité d’une communauté politique de filles qui sera en fait limitée par le refus du potentiel lesbien. La question du viol sera ici centrale et sera abordée à partir de l’insistance sur la voix de la narratrice Susan. La littérature devient un espace propice à la survie de la jeune fille, puisqu’elle admet la reprise de l’expérience de la première relation sexuelle. Si la communauté est convoquée dans The Lovely Bones, elle est associée à l’image de l’identité sororale dans le roman Virgin Suicides de Jeffrey Eugenides. La pathologie virale et la beauté virginale que construit le narrateur polyphonique et anonyme font exister le discours médical sur la maladie des vierges dans un contexte contemporain. Le récit médical rejoint alors le récit érotique puisque le narrateur devient médecin, détective et voyeur. À la différence de ces trois récits, Drames de princesses d’Elfriede Jelinek montre une parthénos, Blanche Neige, qui fait face à son agresseur pour s’inscrire dans une historicité discursive. Cette collision dialogique ranime le cycle tragique (celui d’une Antigone confrontant Créon) et traduit de nouveau le danger d’une superstructure sociétale composée d’images et de discours où la fille est construite comme un accessoire pour le plaisir éphémère de l’homme. À l’inverse de l’image de la vierge sacrée et désincarnée que proposent les récits d’Angot, de Sebold, d’Eugenides et de Jelinek, Virginie Despentes offre une autre réflexion dans Apocalypse bébé. Le personnage de Valentine est configuré comme une sœur des parthénoi qui préfère le suicide et la terreur à la domestication, faisant ainsi appel à une temporalité radicale et inachevable, celle de la fin de la jeune fille. Mon souhait est enfin de souligner la nécessité de penser au mérite autant épistémologique, intime que politique, d’explorer le temps des éclosions sexuelles de la fille par delà l’idée de la première relation sexuelle.

Parallax

Parallax is a live contemporary dance work that incorporates 3D animation, stereoscopic illusions and dance. This work was performed within the Melbourne Fringe Festival at the Substation, Newport. Within this work the stereoscopic illusion creates a new choreographic palette that can be used to manipulate human physicality via animated bodies that appear within the performance space. The stereoscopic image is released from the wall and placed within the dancing environment the image becomes another body within the dance space that can be manipulated in ways that would be impossible for a real physical body. In turn, the dancing body is positioned within the digital environment. The performer’s abilities have not changed, but the space around the dancer can be manipulated with imagery that transforms the place of the dancer within time and space. The stereoscopic illusion and live dance are melded creating a new experience of choreography one that takes the infinite possibilities of 3D animation and places them directly within choreography. Thematically this performance draws on the historical events revolving around the development of the stereoscope in the 1830s and the seminal ideas of the virtual that surfaced at this time. In the early 1830s Charles Wheatstone drew on the ideas and writings of Euclid and Leonardo da Vinci and discovered binocular vision through the use of his stereoscope box. It was this box that became the entertainment sensation of this time becoming a standard parlour entertainment. Unlike now where imagery of people are everywhere in the 1830s these types of imagery were novel. The stereoscopic pictures often showed content of people doing ordinary tasks such as chopping wood, doing the washing or simply standing in front of their house. In Parallax a Victorian woman is transported from her hallway to virtual worlds where she encounters, Euclid’s ancient Greek column, a di Vinci sphere and one of the first stereoscopic images drawn by Charles Wheatstone’s a stick figure cube.

Outreach Testing of Ancient Astronomy

This work is an outreach approach to an ubiquitous recent problem in secondary-school education: how to face back the decreasing interest in natural sciences shown by students under ‘pressure’ of convenient resources in digital devices/applications. The approach rests on two features. First, empowering of teen-age students to understand regular natural events around, as very few educated people they meet could do. Secondly, an understanding that rests on personal capability to test and verify experimental results from the oldest science, astronomy, with simple instruments as used from antiquity down to the Renaissance (a capability restricted to just solar and lunar motions). Because lengths in astronomy and daily life are so disparate, astronomy basically involved observing and registering values of angles (along with times), measurements being of two types, of angles on the ground and of angles in space, from the ground. First, the gnomon, a simple vertical stick introduced in Babylonia and Egypt, and then in Greece, is used to understand solar motion. The gnomon shadow turns around during any given day, varying in length and thus angle between solar ray and vertical as it turns, going through a minimum (noon time, at a meridian direction) while sweeping some angular range from sunrise to sunset. Further, the shadow minimum length varies through the year, with times when shortest and sun closest to vertical, at summer solstice, and times when longest, at winter solstice six months later. The extreme directions at sunset and sunrise correspond to the solstices, swept angular range greatest at summer, over 180 degrees, and the opposite at winter, with less daytime hours; in between, spring and fall equinoxes occur, marked by collinear shadow directions at sunrise and sunset. The gnomon allows students to determine, in addition to latitude (about 40.4° North at Madrid, say), the inclination of earth equator to plane of its orbit around the sun (ecliptic), this fundamental quantity being given by half the difference between solar distances to vertical at winter and summer solstices, with value about 23.5°. Day and year periods greatly differing by about 2 ½ orders of magnitude, 1 day against 365 days, helps students to correctly visualize and interpret the experimental measurements. Since the gnomon serves to observe at night the moon shadow too, students can also determine the inclination of the lunar orbital plane, as about 5 degrees away from the ecliptic, thus explaining why eclipses are infrequent. Independently, earth taking longer between spring and fall equinoxes than from fall to spring (the solar anomaly), as again verified by the students, was explained in ancient Greek science, which posited orbits universally as circles or their combination, by introducing the eccentric circle, with earth placed some distance away from the orbital centre when considering the relative motion of the sun, which would be closer to the earth in winter. In a sense, this can be seen as hint and approximation of the elliptic orbit proposed by Kepler many centuries later.

Greek, Roman and Egyptian antiquities ... /

"Pubic auction sale."

Ancient Greece; a sketch of its art, literature & philosophy viewed in connexion with its external history from earliest times to the age of Alexander the Great,

Printed in Great Britain.

Akrasia and the Aesthetic: Human Agency and the Site of Literature, 1760-1820

This study focuses on a series of foundational stylistic and formal innovations in eighteenth-century and Romantic literature, and argues that they can be cumulatively attributed to the distinct challenges authors faced in representing human action and the will. The study focuses in particular on cases of “acting against better judgment” or “failing to do what one knows one ought to do” – concepts originally theorized as “akrasia” and “weakness of the will” in ancient Greek and Scholastic thought. During the Enlightenment, philosophy increasingly conceives of human minds and bodies like systems and machines, and consequently fails to address such cases except as intractable or incoherent. Yet eighteenth-century and Romantic narratives and poetry consistently engage the paradoxes and ambiguities of action and volition in representations of akrasia. As a result, literature develops representational strategies that distinguish the epistemic capacities of literature as privileged over those of philosophy.

The study begins by centering on narratives of distempered selves from the 1760s. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Confessions and Laurence Sterne’s A Sentimental Journey narrate cases of knowingly and weakly acting against better judgment, and in so doing, reveal the limitations of the “philosophy of the passions” that famously informed sentimental literature at the time. These texts find that the interpretive difficulties of action demand a non-systematic and hermeneutic approach to interpreting a self through the genre of narrative. Rousseau’s narrative in particular informs William Godwin’s realist novels of distempered subjects. Departing from his mechanistic philosophy of mind and action, Godwin develops the technique of free indirect discourse in his third novel Fleetwood (1805) as a means of evoking the ironies and self-deceptions in how we talk about willing.

Romantic poetry employs the literary trope of weakness of will primarily through the problem of regretted inaction – a problem which I argue motivates the major poetic innovations of William Wordsworth and John Keats. While Samuel Taylor Coleridge sought to characterize his weakness of will in philosophical writing, Wordsworth turns to poetry with The Prelude (1805), revealing poetry itself to be a self-deceiving and disappointing form of procrastination. More explicitly than Wordsworth, John Keats identifies indolence as the prime symbol and basis of what he calls “negative capability.” In his letters and poems such as “On Seeing the Elgin Marbles” (1817) and “Ode on Indolence” (1819), Keats reveals how the irreducibly contradictory qualities of human agency speak to the particular privilege of “disinterested aesthetics” – a genre fitted for the modern era for its ability to disclose contradictions without seeking to resolve or explain them in terms of component parts.