Lasten sitoutuneisuus toimintaan : kvantitatiivinen havainnointitutkimus

Children s involvement is a key quality factor in Early Years Education. As a process variable it concentrates on children s actions and experiences. The involved children are operating in their zone of proximal development. The aim of this study was to find out how the children involved themselves in the Finnish day care centres. The problems of the study were: (1) how the children are involved in different situations between the hours 8.00 and 12.00, (2) how do the skills of children whose involvement level is high differ from the skills of children whose involvement level is low and (3) how do the learning environments of the children whose involvement level is high differ from the learning environments of the children whose involvement level is low? The research method was observation and children s involvement levels were assessed using LIS-YC Scale. In addition, the kindergarten teachers evaluated the children s skills and the team workers did the evaluations of the educational settings. The data used in this study was a part of the Orientaation lähteillä research. The 802 children, who took part in the study, were from 48 different groups of eight different municipalities in Central Uusimaa. There were 18358 observations of children s involvement and the quantitative data was analyzed using correlation, cross tabulation and t-test. Children s involvement was an average at a moderate level. The involvement levels were the highest during playing time and adult guided tasks and lowest during eating and basic care situations. The level of involvement was higher if the children were adaptable, proactive, self-motivated and good players. The involvement lever was lower if the children needed some special care. The children s involvement is supported if the educators had at least once a week a meeting and if children s confidence and identity construction was frequently considered in educational discussions. Furthermore, the appreciation of the ethical issues and positive atmosphere appeared to confirm the involvement. The children s involvement is decreased if the educators had been perpetually short of time or resources or there has been lack of joy and humour in the group.

Valikoiva muuttoliike Uudellamaalla

This thesis explores selective migration in Greater Helsinki region from the perspective of counterurbanisation. The aim of the study is to research whether the migration is selective by migrants age, education, income level or the rate of employment and to study any regional patterns formed by the selectivity. In the Helsinki region recent migratory developments have been shifting the areas of net migration gain away from the city of Helsinki to municipalities farther off on the former countryside. There has been discussion about Helsinki s decaying tax revenue base and whether the city s housing policy has contributed to the exodus of wealthier households. The central question of the discussion is one of selective migration: which municipalities succeed in capturing the most favourable migrants and which will lose in the competition. Selective migration means that region s in-migrants and out-migrants significantly differ from each other demographically, socially and economically. Sometimes selectivity is also understood as some individuals greater propensity to migrate than others but the proper notion for this would be differential migration. In Finnish parlance these two concepts have tended to get mixed up. The data of the study covers the total migration of the 34 municipalities of Uusimaa provinces during the years 2001 to 2003. The data was produced by Statistics Finland. Two new methods of representing the selectivity of migration as a whole were constructed during the study. Both methods look at the proportions of favourably selected migrants in regions inward and outward migrant flow. A large share in the inward flow and a small share in the outward flow is good for region s economy and demography. The first method calculates the differences of the proportions of favourably selected four migrant groups and sums the differences up. The other ranks the same proportions between regions giving value 1 to the largest proportion in inward flow and 34 to the smallest, and respectively in outward flow the smallest proportion gets value 1 and the largest 34. The total sum of the ranks or differences in proportions represents region s selectivity of migration. The results show that migration is indeed selective in the Greater Helsinki region. There also seems to be a spatial pattern centred around the Helsinki metropolitan region. The municipalities surrounding the four central communes are generally better of than those farther away. Not only these eight municipalities of the so called capital region benefit from the selective migration, but the favourable structure of migration extends to some of the small municipalities farther away. Some municipalities situated along the main northbound railway line are not coming through as well as other municipalities of the capital region. The selectivity of migration in Greater Helsinki region shows signs of counter-urbanisation. People look for suburban or small-town lifestyle no longer from Espoo or Vantaa, the neighbouring municipalities to Helsinki, but from the municipalities surrounding these two or even farther off. This kind of pattern in selective migration leads to unbalanced development in population structure and tax revenue base in the region. Migration to outskirts of the urban area also leads to urban sprawl and fragmentation of the urban structure: these issues have ecological implications. Selective migration should be studied more. Also the concept itself needs clearer definition and so do the methods to study the selectivity of migration.

Asemakaavoitus Helsingin seudun kasvun hallinnassa

Many Finnish municipalities need to control their growth. In this research growth is understood as developments of land utilisation and also as a wide range of other changes that have mainly ap-peared as a result of a long term growth in population. The development growth control contains four areas: 1. adequate productivity of town planning, 2. stationing the growth to needs led and for sustainable developments, 3. quality of the developing environment, and 4. producing growth with communicative and transparent process. The aim of the research is to represent connection between town planning and development growth control. Research defines the role of town planning in the municipalities development growth control. In addition research focuses on links between town planning and development growth control in history, present and in the development work for the future. According to the hypothesis the extensive examination of town planning enables better growth control and promotes appropriate response to municipal changes regarding housing delivery. As an example there are five outskirt municipalities in the Helsinki region. They are called Kirkkonummi, Vihti, Nurmijärvi, Tuusula and Sipoo. The decision was to use examples based on a contingence theory. According to the theory there is no one correct way to operate. Therefore development should be based on individual municipal needs. In the research, municipality s needs were collected by 20 semi- structured interviews from municipal officials. In addition there were group interviews in Uusimaa Regional Council and in Uusimaa Regional Environmental Centre. There was also secondary material collected from official papers and statistics. Operationalisation was the analysis tool between empiric and literature reviews. The role of town planning has evolved during the 20th century from a more simple town plan level to operative stage in town planning hierarchy. Outskirt municipalities town planning was established during the 1960s. Since then one of the most important aims in the town planning has been to produce growth and building possibilities. Currently the challenge is to reach the satisfying rate of productivity and to meet increased housing demand. Other challenges include locating the appropriate geographical areas for growth; and the balance between required developments and planning permission decisions. Findings concluded that town planning should be more viable and it should have better ability to co-operate and operate in the changing operational environment. Municipality s ability to receive growth can increase and growth control can advance by planned and workable town planning. It is essential to take wide perspective of the each municipality's unique needs to improve productivity rather than to focus simply on productivity.

Organolanthanides with 3-(2-pyridylmethyl) indenyl ligands: synthesis, crystal structures and catalytic activities of divalent complexes for epsilon-caprolactone polymerization

Reaction of 3-(2-pyridylmethyl)indenyl lithium (1) with LnI(2)(THF)(2) (Ln = Sm, Yb) in THF produced the divalent organolanthanides (C5H4NCH2C9H6)(2)Ln(II)(THF) (Ln = Sm (2), Yb (3)) in high yield. 1 reacts with LnCl(3) (Ln = Nd, Sm, Yb) in THF to give bis(3-(2-pyridylmethyl)indenyl) lanthanide chlorides (C5H4NCH2C9H6)(2)Ln(III)Cl (Ln = Nd (4), Sm (5)) and the unexpected divalent lanthanides 3 (Ln = Yb). Complexes 2-5 show more stable in air than the non-functionalized analogues. X-ray structural analyses of 2-4 were performed. 2 and 3 belong to the high symmetrical space group (Cmcm) with the same structures, they are THF-solvated 9-coordinate monomeric in the solid state, while 4 is an unsolvated 9-coordinate monomer with a trans arrangement of both the side-arms and indenyl rings in the solid state. Additionally, 2 and 3 show moderate polymerization activities for F-caprolactone (CL).

Servicenivå för Östra Nylands kollektivtrafik : Nylands ELY-centrals servicenivådefiniering för kollektivtrafik

Utredningen "Servicenivå för Östra Nylands kollektivtrafik" är en fortsättning till Nylands ELY-centrals förstudie om bestämning av kollektivtrafikens servicenivå på Nylands ELY-centrals område, nr 29/2010. Enligt förstudiet blev definieringsarbetet för kollektivtrafikens servicenivå på Nylands ELY-centrals område delat upp för att förverkligas i sju helheter som baserar sig på regionbiljettområden. Det blev sju rapporter om definieringsarbetet av vilka denna som rör Östra Nyland är en. Utredningen är en del av processen där ELY-centralen i samarbete med kommuner, behöriga myndigheter, landskapsförbund och trafikidkare förberedde Nylands ELY-centrals bestämmelse över bestyrkning av kollektivtrafikens servicenivå enligt lagen om kollektivtrafik. ELY-centralen bestyrkte med sitt beslut i december 2011 den åsyftade servicenivån enligt utredningen för åren 2012 - 2016. I utredningen har man beskrivit både den nutida och den åsyftade servicenivån som sträcker sig till år 2016. I huvudsak har man gjort beskrivningen som förbindelsestreckanalys. De valda förbindelsestreckorna har klassificerats enligt trafikens kvantitativa och kvalitativa faktorer i sex klasser: konkurrensnivå, lockande nivå, medelnivå, grundservicenivå, miniminivå och lagstadgad nivå. Som viktigaste klassificeringsfaktorer användes trafikeringstid och turantal. I klassificeringen har Trafikverkets anvisning nr 15/2011 tillämpats.

Servicenivå för Västra Nylands kollektivtrafik : Nylands ELY-centrals servicenivådefiniering för kollektivtrafik

Utredningen "Servicenivå för Västra Nylands kollektivtrafik" är en fortsättning till Nylands ELY-centrals förstudie om bestämning av kollektivtrafikens servicenivå på Nylands ELY-centrals område, nr 29/2010. Enligt förstudiet blev definieringsarbetet för kollektivtrafikens servicenivå på Nylands ELY-centrals område delat upp för att förverkligas i sju helheter som baserar sig på regionbiljettområden. Det blev sju rapporter om definieringsarbetet av vilka denna som rör Västra Nyland är en. Utredningen är en del av processen där ELY-centralen i samarbete med kommuner, behöriga myndigheter, landskapsförbund och trafikidkare förberedde Nylands ELY-centrals bestämmelse över bestyrkning av kollektivtrafikens servicenivå enligt lagen om kollektivtrafik. ELY-centralen bestyrkte med sitt beslut i december 2011 den åsyftade servicenivån enligt utredningen för åren 2012 - 2016. I utredningen har man beskrivit både den nutida och den åsyftade servicenivån som sträcker sig till år 2016. I huvudsak har man gjort beskrivningen som förbindelsestreckanalys. De valda förbindelsestreckorna har klassificerats enligt trafikens kvantitativa och kvalitativa faktorer i sex klasser: konkurrensnivå, lockande nivå, medelnivå, grundservicenivå, miniminivå och lagstadgad nivå. Som viktigaste klassificeringsfaktorer användes trafikeringstid och turantal. I klassificeringen har Trafikverkets anvisning nr 15/2011 tillämpats.

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen F5)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51 x 42,9 cm, lehti 58 x 50,3 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen C5)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,5 x 42,9 cm, lehti 58,2 x 50,4 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen C4)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,3 x 43,1 cm, lehti 58 x 50,4 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen D2)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,5 x 43 cm, lehti 58 x 50,3 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen B4)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,3 x 43,1 cm, lehti 58 x 50,2 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen D3)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,5 x 43,1 cm, lehti 58 x 50,4 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen B2)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,1 x 43 cm, lehti 58 x 50,3 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen D4)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,5 x 43,2 cm, lehti 58 x 50,4 cm

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen C3)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 51,4 x 43,1 cm, lehti 58,2 x 50,4 cm