Groove Binding Ligands for the Interaction with Parallel-Stranded ps-Duplex DNA and Triplex DNA

DNA adopts different conformations not only based on novel base pairs, but also with different chain polarities. Besides several duplex structures (A, B, Z, parallel stranded (ps)-DNA, etc.), DNA also forms higher-order structures like triplex, tetraplex, and i-motif. Each of these structures has its own biological significance. The ps-duplexes have been found to be resistant to certain nucleases and endonucleases. Molecules that promote triple-helix formation have significant potential. These investigations have many therapeutic advantages which may be useful in the regulation of the expression of genes responsible for certain diseases by locking either their transcription (antigene) or translation (antisense). Each DNA minor groove binding ligand (MGBL) interacts with DNA through helical minor groove recognition in a sequence-specific manner, and this interferes with several DNA-associated processes. Incidentally, these ligands interact with some non-B-DNA and with higher-order DNA structures including ps-DNA and triplexes. While the design and recognition of minor grooves of duplex DNA by specific MGBLs have been a topic of many reports, limited information is available on the binding behavior of MGBLs with nonduplex DNA. In this review, we summarize various attempts of the interaction of MGBLs with ps-DNA and DNA triplexes.

Stereochemistry of collagen

This review article, based on a lecture delivered in Madras in 1985, is an account of the author's experience in the working out of the molecular structure and conformation of the collagen triple-helix over the years 1952–78. It starts with the first proposal of the correct triple-helix in 1954, but with three residues per turn, which was later refined in 1955 into a coiled-coil structure with approximately 3.3 residues per turn. The structure readily fitted proline and hydroxyproline residues and required glycine as every third residue in each of the three chains. The controversy regarding the number of hydrogen bonds per tripeptide could not be resolved by X-ray diffraction or energy minimization, but physicochemical data, obtained in other laboratories during 1961–65, strongly pointed to two hydrogen bonds, as suggested by the author. However, it was felt that the structure with one straight NH … O bond was better. A reconciliation of the two was obtained in Chicago in 1968, by showing that the second hydrogen bond is via a water molecule, which makes it weaker, as found in the physicochemical studies mentioned above. This water molecule was also shown, in 1973, to take part in further cross-linking hydrogen bonds with the OH group of hydroxyproline, which occurred always in the location previous to glycine, and is at the right distance from the water. Thus, almost all features of the primary structure, X-ray pattern, optical and hydrodynamic data, and the role of hydroxyproline in stabilising the triple helical structure, have been satisfactorily accounted for. These also lead to a confirmation of Pauling's theory that vitamin C improves immunity to diseases, as explained in the last section.

La gestión del conocimiento científico-técnico en la universidad: un caso y un proyecto

[ES] Actualmente, las universidades se enfrentan a aumentos en sus necesidades de financiación, cuando el criterio predominante es que los poderes públicos tengan una menor presencia en la misma. Por otra parte, algunos investigadores indican que la Universidad parece estar perdiendo posiciones como centro de generación de conocimiento, el cual, como recurso en s. mismo, este siendo objeto de creciente atención por parte de las empresas y los gobiernos, considerándose le el recurso clave en la consecución de ventajas competitivas. En estas circunstancias, estimamos que la Universidad debe hacer mayores esfuerzos en orientar su investigación a la aplicación del conocimiento científico-técnico, en colaboración con las empresas y las administraciones públicas, como indica el modelo de la triple hélice de Etzkowitz y Leydesdorff. En este trabajo se presenta también como se afronta en la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea la gestión del conocimiento científico técnico, as. como un proyecto de investigación cuya finalidad consiste en la búsqueda de un modelo de gestión de este conocimiento en el contexto descrito.

Structure-, stereochemistry-, and metal-regulated DNA binding/cleaving molecules

In the cell, the binding of proteins to specific sequences of double helical DNA is essential for controlling the processes of protein synthesis (at the level of DNA transcription) and cell proliferation (at the level of DNA replication). In the laboratory, the sequence-specific DNA binding/cleaving properties of restriction endonuclease enzymes (secreted by microorganisms to protect them from foreign DNA molecules) have helped to fuel a revolution in molecular biology. The strength and specificity of a protein:DNA interaction depend upon structural features inherent to the protein and DNA sequences, but it is now appreciated that these features (and therefore protein:DNA complexation) may be altered (regulated) by other protein:DNA complexes, or by environmental factors such as temperature or the presence of specific organic molecules or inorganic ions. It is also now appreciated that molecules much smaller than proteins (including antibiotics of molecular weight less than 2000 and oligonucleotides) can bind to double-helical DNA in sequence-specific fashion. Elucidation of structural motifs and microscopic interactions responsible for the specific molecular recognition of DNA leads to greater understanding of natural processes and provides a basis for the design of novel sequence-specific DNA binding molecules. This thesis describes the synthesis and DNA binding/cleaving characteristics of molecules designed to probe structural, stereochemical, and environmental factors that regulate sequence-specific DNA recognition.

Chapter One introduces the DNA minor groove binding antibiotics Netropsin and Distamycin A, which are di- and tri(N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide) peptides, respectively. The method of DNA affinity cleaving, which has been employed to determine DNA binding properties of designed synthetic molecules is described. The design and synthesis of a series of Netropsin dimers linked in tail-to-tail fashion (by oxalic, malonic, succinic, or fumaric acid), or in head-to-tail fashion (by glycine, β-alanine, and γ-aminobutanoic acid (Gaba)) are presented. These Bis(Netropsin)s were appended with the iron-chelating functionality EDTA in order to make use of the technique of DNA affinity cleaving. Bis(Netropsin)-EDTA compounds are analogs of penta(N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide)-EDTA (P5E), which may be considered a head-to-tail Netropsin dimer linked by Nmethylpyrrolecarboxamide. Low- and high-resolution analysis of pBR322 DNA affinity cleaving by the iron complexes of these molecules indicated that small changes in the length and nature of the linker had significant effects on DNA binding/cleaving efficiency (a measure of DNA binding affinity). DNA binding/cleaving efficiency was found to decrease with changes in the linker in the order β-alanine > succinamide > fumaramide > N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide > malonamide >glycine, γ-aminobutanamide > oxalamide. In general, the Bis(Netropsin)-EDTA:Fe compounds retained the specificity for seven contiguous A:T base pairs characteristic of P5E:Fe binding. However, Bis(Netropsin)Oxalamide- EDTA:Fe exhibited decreased specificity for A:T base pairs, and Bis(Netropsin)-Gaba-EDT A:Fe exhibited some DNA binding sites of less than seven base pairs. Bis(Netropsin)s linked with diacids have C₂-symmmetrical DNA binding subunits and exhibited little DNA binding orientation preference. Bis(Netropsin)s linked with amino acids lack C₂-symmetrical DNA binding subunits and exhibited higher orientation preferences. A model for the high DNA binding orientation preferences observed with head-to-tail DNA minor groove binding molecules is presented.

Chapter Two describes the design, synthesis, and DNA binding properties of a series of chiral molecules: Bis(Netropsin)-EDTA compounds with linkers derived from (R,R)-, (S,S)-, and (RS,SR)-tartaric acids, (R,R)-, (S,S)-, and (RS,SR)-tartaric acid acetonides, (R)- and (S)-malic acids, N ,N-dimethylaminoaspartic acid, and (R)- and (S)-alanine, as well as three constitutional isomers in which an N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide (P1) subunit and a tri(N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide)-EDTA (P3-EDTA) subunit were linked by succinic acid, (R ,R)-, and (S ,S)-tartaric acids. DNA binding/cleaving efficiencies among this series of molecules and the Bis(Netropsin)s described in Chapter One were found to decrease with changes in the linker in the order β-alanine > succinamide > P1-succinamide-P3 > fumaramide > (S)-malicamide > N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide > (R)-malicamide > malonamide > N ,N-dimethylaminoaspanamide > glycine = Gaba = (S,S)-tartaramide = P1-(S,S)-tanaramide-P3 > oxalamide > (RS,SR)-tartaramide = P1- (R,R)-tanaramide-P3 > (R,R)-tartaramide (no sequence-specific DNA binding was detected for Bis(Netropsin)s linked by (R)- or (S)-alanine or by tartaric acid acetonides). The chiral molecules retained DNA binding specificity for seven contiguous A:T base pairs. From the DNA affinity cleaving data it could be determined that: 1) Addition of one or two substituents to the linker of Bis(Netropsin)-Succinamide resulted in stepwise decreases in DNA binding affinity; 2) molecules with single hydroxyl substituents bound DNA more strongly than molecules with single dimethylamino substituents; 3) hydroxyl-substituted molecules of (S) configuration bound more strongly to DNA than molecules of (R) configuration. This stereochemical regulation of DNA binding is proposed to arise from the inherent right-handed twist of (S)-enantiomeric Bis(Netropsin)s versus the inherent lefthanded twist of (R)-enantiomeric Bis(Netropsin)s, which makes the (S)-enantiomers more complementary to the right-handed twist of B form DNA.

Chapter Three describes the design and synthesis of molecules for the study of metalloregulated DNA binding phenomena. Among a series of Bis(Netropsin)-EDTA compounds linked by homologous tethers bearing four, five, or six oxygen atoms, the Bis(Netropsin) linked by a pentaether tether exhibited strongly enhanced DNA binding/cleaving in the presence of strontium or barium cations. The observed metallospecificity was consistent with the known affinities of metal cations for the cyclic hexaether 18-crown-6 in water. High-resolution DNA affinity cleaving analysis indicated that DNA binding by this molecule in the presence of strontium or barium was not only stronger but of different sequence-specificity than the (weak) binding observed in the absence of metal cations. The metalloregulated binding sites were consistent with A:T binding by the Netropsin subunits and G:C binding by a strontium or barium:pentaether complex. A model for the observed positive metalloregulation and novel sequence-specificity is presented. The effects of 44 different cations on DNA affinity cleaving by P5E:Fe were examined. A series of Bis(Netropsin)-EDTA compounds linked by tethers bearing two, three, four, or five amino groups was also synthesized. These molecules exhibited strong and specific binding to A:T rich regions of DNA. It was found that the iron complexes of these molecules bound and cleaved DNA most efficiently at pH 6.0-6.5, while P5E:Fe bound and cleaved most efficiently at pH 7.5-8.0. Incubating the Bis(Netropsin) Polyamine-EDTA:Fe molecules with K₂PdCl₄ abolished their DNA binding/cleaving activity. It is proposed that the observed negative metalloregulation arises from kinetically inert Bis(Netropsin) Polyamine:Pd(II) complexes or aggregates, which are sterically unsuitable for DNA complexation. Finally, attempts to produce a synthetic metalloregulated DNA binding protein are described. For this study, five derivatives of a synthetic 52 amino acid residue DNA binding/cleaving protein were produced. The synthetic mutant proteins carried a novel pentaether ionophoric amino acid residue at different positions within the primary sequence. The proteins did not exhibit significant DNA binding/cleaving activity, but they served to illustrate the potential for introducing novel amino acid residues within DNA binding protein sequences, and for the development of the tricyclohexyl ester of EDTA as a superior reagent for the introduction of EDT A into synthetic proteins.

Chapter Four describes the discovery and characterization of a new DNA binding/cleaving agent, [SalenMn(III)]OAc. This metal complex produces single- and double-strand cleavage of DNA, with specificity for A:T rich regions, in the presence of oxygen atom donors such as iodosyl benzene, hydrogen peroxide, or peracids. Maximal cleavage by [SalenMn(III)]OAc was produced at pH 6-7. A comparison of DNA singleand double-strand cleavage by [SalenMn(III)]⁺ and other small molecules (Methidiumpropyl-EDTA:Fe, Distamycin-EDTA:Fe, Neocarzinostatin, Bleomycin:Fe) is presented. It was found that DNA cleavage by [SalenMn(III)]⁺ did not require the presence of dioxygen, and that base treatment of DNA subsequent to cleavage by [SalenMn(III)]⁺ afforded greater cleavage and alterations in the cleavage patterns. Analysis of DNA products formed upon DNA cleavage by [SalenMn(III)] indicated that cleavage was due to oxidation of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Several mechanisms consistent with the observed products and reaction requirements are discussed.

Chapter Five describes progress on some additional studies. In one study, the DNA binding/cleaving specificities of Distamycin-EDTA derivatives bearing pyrrole N-isopropyl substituents were found to be the same as those of derivatives bearing pyrrole N-methyl substituents. In a second study, the design of and synthetic progress towards a series of nucleopeptide activators of transcription are presented. Five synthetic plasmids designed to test for activation of in vitro run-off transcription by DNA triple helix-forming oligonucleotides or nucleopeptides are described.

Chapter Six contains the experimental documentation of the thesis work.

Mecanismos da Lei do Bem para a inovação tecnológica: um estudo do incentivo à P&D nas grandes empresas do Parque Tecnológico do Rio de Janeiro

O objetivo fundamental deste trabalho é identificar os impactos dos incentivos fiscais federais concedidos pelo Governo brasileiro com a publicação da Lei do Bem, sobre os investimentos privados em P&D. A partir de estudo de campo realizado emgrandes empresas estabelecidas em habitats de inovação, especialmente em PqTgerido por universidade, foi analisado como a Lei do Bem auxilia a disseminação da cultura de inovação e aumenta a competitividade empresarial. Especificamente, o estudo tem o intuito de mostrar a importância da inclusão de forma mais abrangente dos gastos com infraestrutura de P&D, no rol das atividades passíveis de recebimento de incentivos fiscais por empresas localizadas em países notadamente carentes neste aspecto, tal qual o Brasil. Ademais, analisar comparativamente os mecanismos de incentivos fiscais utilizados por outros países com a intenção de propor adequações na estrutura da Lei do Bem que minimizem a sua não utilização em virtude da falta de clareza na sua aplicação e consequente adoção de postura conservadora pelas empresas. A metodologia consistiu de um estudo exploratório e qualitativo e revisão bibliográfica onde foram analisados os conceitos teóricos relacionados à inovação, sistemas nacionais, regionais e setoriais de inovação, hélice tríplice, habitats de inovação e políticas públicas, além da coleta de dados realizada por meio de consulta aos relatórios elaborados por entes governamentais, bem como por entrevistas realizadas junto às empresas que instalaram seus centros de P&D no PqT UFRJ, Consultorias especializadas e à ANPEI. Os resultados doestudoforam obtidos a partir da compilação dos dados destas entrevistas e relatórios. Além de outras conclusões, as informações permitiram afirmar que os incentivos fiscais, especialmente aqueles relacionados à redução do Imposto de Renda da Pessoa Jurídica, são importantes na medida em que permitem às grandes empresas, que já realizam atividades de P,D&I, a destinação de um montante maior a essas atividades. Apesar disso, essa política pública carece de aperfeiçoamento em função de haverrestado claro que a mesma não estimula todas as atividades de inovação, mas apenas aquelas relacionadas à P&D, além de não haver incentivos adequados ao crescimento de infraestrutura para inovação.

Uma Análise da Utilização da Lei do Bem nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPE)de Base Tecnológica Incubadas no Vale da Eletrônica, em Santa Rita do Sapucaí (MG)

A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a utilização da Lei n 11.195/05, a Lei do Bem, por micro e pequenas empresas de base tecnológica - EBTs incubadas localizadas no polo tecnológico de Santa Rita do Sapucaí (MG), considerando para isto a interação da hélice tríplice, ou seja, a interação entre universidade-empresa-governo. Com intuito específico, objetiva identificar os principais motivos para a utilização da Lei do Bem, assim como dos motivos determinantes para a utilização ou não dos benefícios fiscais por ela proporcionados. A referida Lei proporciona benefícios fiscais voltados para a inovação e desenvolvimento de tecnologia, incluindo vantagens para a contratação de pesquisadores e na aquisição de equipamentos e maquinário para essas finalidades, entre outros. A pesquisa foi realizada pelo intermédio de uma estudo de campo na cidade de Santa Rita do Sapucaí (MG), que possibilitou a coleta dos dados mediante entrevistas estruturadas de maneira semiaberta com os empresários e órgão e instituições de apoio da região, possibilitando assim uma maior liberdade aos entrevistados para responderem dentro do roteiro estabelecido. O roteiro abrangia, de forma resumida, perguntas referentes à inovação, estrutura da região e do conhecimento e utilização da Lei do Bem. A análise dos dados coletados nas entrevistas constatou que o Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) em que as empresas se encontram possui estrutura para a inovação e o desenvolvimento de tecnologia, entretanto, a interação entre os atores da hélice tríplice apresentou restrições em relação à utilização de financiamentos, fomentos e da utilização dos benefícios fiscais, em específico na dificuldade da utilização da Lei do Bem pelas empresas da região. Constatou-se nas as empresas pesquisadas, dificuldade para utilização de fomentos específicos para a inovação. Os fatores determinantes da dificuldade do uso da Lei do Bem apontados pela pesquisa foram o desconhecimento da Lei pelos empresários, falta de informação sobre a Lei e, o regime tributário escolhido. Esse estudo pode contribuir para aumentar o alcance da Lei do Bem às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs), e pela análise da citada Lei ao longo dos seus oito anos de vigência, sendo sete deles já reportados pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), que resultou em uma lista com 1456 empresas que já se utilizaram dos benefícios proporcionados pela Lei do Bem de 2006 a 2012.

A molecular model of braid-like DNA structure

The three-dimensional molecular models of DNA triple helices and triple-stranded brain-like structure were built up by molecular architecture, and their structural features and energy decomposition were examined. The results showed: (i) The base triplet is the element forming braid-like and triple helix DNA; (ii) Under specified conditions, DNA could form the triplet-stranded braid-like structure; (iii) DNA stability of the braid-like structure is less than that of the triple helix structure. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited.

Comparative studies on parallel and antiparallel duplex and triplex DNA

Parallel strand models for base sequences d(A)(10). d(T)(10), d(AT)(5) . d(TA)(5), d(G(5)C(5)). d(C(5)G(5)), d(GC)(5) . d(CG)(5) and d(CTATAGGGAT). d(GATATCCCTA), where reverse Watson-Crick A-T pairing with two H-bonds and reverse Watson-Crick G-C pairing with one H-bond or with two H-bonds were adopted, and three models of d(T)(14). d(A)(14). d(T)(14) triple helix with different strand orientations were built up by molecular architecture and energy minimization. Comparisons of parallel duplex models with their corresponding B-DNA models and comparisons among the three triple helices showed: (i) conformational energies of parallel AT duplex models were a little lower, while for GC duplex models they were about 8% higher than that of their corresponding B-DNA models; (ii) the energy differences between parallel and B-type duplex models and among the three triple helices arose mainly from base stacking energies, especially for GC base pairing; (iii) the parallel duplexes with one H-bond G-C pairs were less stable than those with two H-bonds G-C pairs. The present paper includes a brief discussion about the effect of base stacking and base sequences on DNA conformations. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

Les rapports université/entreprise à l’Université Nationale Autonome du Mexique (UNAM) : la vision de professeurs ayant de l’expérience de collaboration avec des entreprises

Cette thèse porte sur le rapport université/entreprise au Mexique après 1990. Il s’agit d’une étude de cas sur l’Université Nationale Autonome du Mexique (UNAM), la plus grande université mexicaine et la plus importante institution productrice de connaissances scientifiques au pays. À partir de 1988, l’introduction au Mexique d’une économie du marché a été le point de départ des nombreux changements politiques et économiques qui ont modifié les conditions d’exploitation des organisations et des institutions au pays. Ainsi, depuis 1990, le nouveau contexte politique et économique du Mexique a modifié les politiques gouvernementales vers les institutions publiques y compris celles de la santé et de l’éducation. Pour ce qui est des universités publiques mexicaines, ces politiques ont réduit leur financement et leur ont demandé une participation plus active à l’économie nationale, par la production de connaissances pouvant se traduire en innovation dans le secteur de la production. Ces nouvelles conditions économiques et politiques constituent des contingences auxquelles les universitaires font face de diverses façons, y compris l’établissement des relations avec les entreprises, comme le prescrivent les politiques du gouvernement fédéral élaborées sur la base des recommandations de l’OCDE. En vue de contribuer à la connaissance des relations université/entreprise développées au Mexique, nous avons réalisé notre étude de cas fondée sur une approche méthodologique qualitative à caractère exploratoire qui a recueilli des données provenant de sources documentaires et perceptuelles. Nous avons encadré notre recherche du point de vue de l’organisation par la théorie de la contingence, et pour l’analyse de la production de la connaissance sur la base des modèles de la Triple hélice et du Mode 2. Différents documents de sources diverses, y compris l’Internet, ont été consultés pour l’encadrement des rapports université/entreprise au Mexique et à l’UNAM. Les sources perceptuelles ont été 51 entrevues semi-structurées auprès de professeurs et de chercheurs à temps plein ayant établi des rapports avec des entreprises (dans les domaines de la biomédecine, la biotechnologie, la chimie et l’ingénierie) et de personnes ayant un rôle de gestion dans les rapports des entreprises avec l’institution. Les données recueillies ont montré que la politique de l’UNAM sur les rapports université/entreprise a été aussi flottante que la structure organisationnelle soutenant sa création et formalisation. Toutes sortes d’entreprises, publiques ou privées collaborent avec les chercheurs de l’UNAM, mais ce sont les entreprises parastatales et gouvernementales qui prédominent. À cause du manque d’infrastructure scientifique et technologique de la plupart des entreprises au Mexique, les principales demandes adressées à l’UNAM sont pour des services techniques ou professionnels qui aident les entreprises à résoudre des problèmes ponctuels. Le type de production de connaissance à l’UNAM continue d’être celui du Mode 1 ou traditionnel. Néanmoins, particulièrement dans le domaine de la biotechnologie, nous avons identifié certains cas de collaboration plus étroite qui pointaient vers l’innovation non linéaire proposée par le Mode 2 et la Triple hélice. Parmi les principaux avantages découlant des rapports avec les entreprises les interviewés ont cité l’obtention de ressources additionnelles pour la recherche, y compris de l’équipement et des fonds pour les bourses d’étudiants, mais souvent ils ont observé que l’un des plus gros avantages était la connaissance qu’ils obtenaient des contacts avec les firmes et le sens du réel qu’ils pouvaient intégrer dans la formation des étudiants. Les programmes gouvernementaux du CONACYT pour la science, la technologie et l’innovation ne semblent pas réussir à renforcer les rapports entre les institutions génératrices de la connaissance et le secteur de la production du Mexique.

Structure development in electrospun fibres of gelatin

Gelatin fibres have been successfully electrospun from water by heating a gelatin solution above the sol-gel transition temperature, and allowing cooling in a controlled environment as the fibres are produced. The development of structure with in these fibres is monitored using wide angle x-ray scattering, in this way the presence of the triple helix structure, which provides the physical cross-linkages in the gel could be probed. There is clear evidence that these structures are obtained in gelatin electrospun from aqueous solutions. In contrast fibres electrospun from a solution of gelatin in glacial acetic acid, showed no evidence of the triple helix structure.

W-dalaprojektet - Vinnande partnerskap mellan näringsliv och högskola

Samverkan mellan företag, stat, kommuner, landsting o.s.v. och högskolor representerar tillsammans den plattform vilken ofta benämns som Triple Helix. Denna typ av samverkan utgår från antagandet att de inblandade aktörerna kan få belöningar som överstiger de bidrag som de själva sätter in. En sådan samverkan antas också ge företag och den region de befinner sig i konkurrensfördelar och möjligheter att växa och utvecklas. Syftet med Wdalaprojektet, som startade våren 2005 och som skulle avslutas i och med utgången av 2006, var att bygga upp en sådan varaktig samverkan. Den frågan som är i fokus är hur framgångsrikt W-dalaprojektet varit i dessa avseenden? Den här studien försöker:a) beskriva hur projektet initierats och implementeratsb) värdera i vilken utsträckning projektets mål har uppnåtts samtc) identifiera och värdera funktionaliteten hos den samverkansmodellsom använtsErfarenheterna från projektet kan sammanfattas i sex punkter för vad som kan antas vara väsentligt för en långsiktig samverkan att fungera.1. Det behövs fora för kontinuerliga möten och en formaliserad organisation2. ”Kontaktpunkter” för att koordinera samarbetet spelar en viktig roll3. Högskolans ”leveransförmåga” måste förbättras4. ”Kulturkrockar” och en bristande ömsesidig tilltro5. Förmågan att definiera behov av samverkan behöver förbättras6. Långsiktig hållbar ekonomi

Projektet W-Dala Plus - metodutveckling i samverkan mellannäringsliv och högskola

Projektet W-dala Plus - metodutveckling i samverkan mellan näringsliv och högskola är en fortsättning på det s.k. W-dalaprojektet (W-Dala – vinnande partnerskap mellan näringsliv och högskola) som startade våren 2005 och som, något försenat, avslutades under våren 2007. Syftet med det inledande projektet var att bygga upp en varaktig och innovativ samverkan mellan regionens näringsliv, den offentliga sektorns organisationer ochden högre utbildningen, för att skapa en ”triple helix-anda”. Sådan samverkan kan ske både formaliserat och genom att informella nätverk byggs upp. Denna samverkan avsågs att ”kunna bli självbärande genom att företagarna själva betalar för sitt behov av fortbildning och uppdragsforskning” (Projektplanen, W-Dala). Syftet var också att det arbete som inleddes skulle kunna öka företagens konkurrenskraft och därmed bidratill regional tillväxt.Syftet med studien är att belysa, tolka och analysera hur W-Dalaprojektet vidareutvecklats genom att projektet W-Dala Plus - metodutveckling i samverkan mellan näringsliv och högskola genomförts samt vilka erfarenheter som är möjliga att dra från detta. Resultatet kan i sin tur ge indikationer mot vilka områden fortsatta insatser kan vara lämpliga att riktas.

A arquitetura jurídico-institucional de um ambiente de inovação brasileiro: o Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos.

O presente trabalho objetiva investigar a arquitetura jurídico-institucional de um ambiente inovativo denominado parque tecnológico. Este é um arranjo imobiliário que conta com os elementos da chamada tríplice hélice - academia, setor privado e Estado. Almeja a transformação do conhecimento em desenvolvimento, por meio de atividades fundadas em ciência, tecnologia e inovação (C&T&I). A pretensão é contribuir com a premissa de que esses arranjos são frutos da nova lógica econômica baseada no conhecimento e da atual concepção sistêmica de inovação que exige interdependência e interação dos seus agentes. Dentre esses destacamos, o Estado, por ser o ator mais paciente por resultados e o potencial idealizador, fomentador e articulador de processos inovativos sistemicamente pensados. A estratégia Estudo de Caso Único foi eleita para observar, em detalhes, a arquitetura jurídico-institucional do Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, bem como para, a partir de um olhar jurídico-institucional, retirar aprendizados dessa experiência que possam ser aproveitados em novas modelagens de parques tecnológicos e de políticas públicas que focam a estruturação de ambientes inovativos sistêmicos. Foram priorizados exames qualitativos: (i) da sua fisiologia jurídico-institucional; (ii) dos agentes envolvidos e das respectivas amarrações jurídicas estabelecidas; (iii) da influência do Estado e das políticas públicas que o permeiam; (iv) do seu processo de implantação e desenvolvimento; e (v) dos desafios jurídico-formais e jurídico-institucionais que enfrenta. Compreendeu-se que parques tecnológicos são estruturados como arranjos híbridos, segundo a lógica da inovação em sistema, em que os elementos da tríplice hélice atuam em sinergia a partir da ativa atuação do Estado. Sua arquitetura jurídico-institucional decorre da aplicação de tecnologias de contratação e de regulação aplicadas em ambientes alicerçados em fatores institucionais específicos.