Hospital social service

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Third sector organisations and social welfare : a study of the role of social service and charitable organisations in Taiwan

This study is about the role and operation of ‘third sector’ organisations (TSOs) within the Taiwanese social welfare context. TSOs have increased dramatically and become actively involved in social service provision. This phenomenon has not only had significant impact on the development and operation of TSOs in Taiwan but it is also of increasing interest to public policy academics. The latter are especially interested in the implications for the government-third sector relationship. This research examines the reasons why TSOs have been established, why they actively participate in social service provision, and their role and operation within the social welfare context of Taiwan. The study has both quantitative and qualitative data. It sampled ‘social service’ and ‘charitable’ organisations (SSCOs), which are the main type of TSOs in Taiwan, to examine their role, operation and interaction with government. Questionnaires were mailed to collect quantitative data first. After the quantitative data were collected and analysed, semi-structured interviews were undertaken to collect qualitative data. The study found that TSOs in Taiwan exist in a highly institutionalised environment, which is affected by traditional Confucian ideas and contemporary Western ideas such as social justice and civil rights. The rapid growth of TSOs has a strong connection with the desire to fill social service gaps left by government and family. TSOs mainly play the role of service provider rather than that of advocate. They cooperate with government in social service provision and have developed different types of symbiotic relationships with government. A ‘resonance effect’ between government and TSOs was also found as they implement social policy.

Social service provision, efficiency labor and economic development

This dissertation provides a theory of the effects and determinants of an economy's level of social services. The dissertation focuses on how the provision of social services will affect the effort decisions of workers, which will ultimately determine the economy's level of output. A worker decides on how much effort to contribute in relation to the level of social services he/she receives. The higher the level of social services received, the lower the cost—disutility—from providing effort will be. The government provides public infrastructure and social services (i.e. health services) in accordance with the economy's endowment of effort. In doing so, the government takes the aggregate effort endowment as given. Since, with higher individual work effort the higher the economy's total level of effort, failure by workers to coordinate effort levels will result in possible instances of low effort, low social services and low output; and, other instances of high effort, high social services and high output. Therefore, this dissertation predicts that in the context of social services, coordination failures in effort levels can lead to development traps. ^

Quality improvement within nonprofit social service providers

As a relatively new phenomenon in 2009, Swedish nonprofit social service providers proposed quality improvement as a way to reduce mistakes, use resources more effectively and meet the needs and expectations of clients in a better way. Although similar experiences have been studied in health care, the transfer of quality improvement to nonprofit social services gives a possibility for more knowledge on what enables, and constrains, systematic quality improvement in this specific context. This thesis is based on five years of supporting quality improvement in the Swedish nonprofit welfare sector. Specifically, it builds knowledge on which active mechanisms and enabling or constraining structures exist for nonprofit social service quality improvement. By studying quality improvement projects that have been conducted in the development program Forum for Values, critical cases and broad overviews are found valuable. These cases have resulted in four papers on quality improvement in nonprofit social services. The papers include: critical cases from a nursing home for elderly and a daycare for disabled children (Paper I); a critical case from a sheltered housing (Paper II); an overview of performance measurements in 127 quality improvement projects (Paper III); and an analytical model of how improvement policy and practice are bridged by intermediaries (Paper IV). In this thesis, enabled or constrained events and activities related to Deming's system of profound knowledge are identified from the papers and elaborated upon. As a basis for transforming practice into continuous improvement, profound knowledge includes the four knowledge domains: appreciation of a system, theory of knowledge, understanding of variation and psychology of change. From a realist perspective, the identified events are seen as enabled or constrained by mechanisms and underlying regularities, or structures, in the context of nonprofit social services. The emerging mechanisms found in this thesis are: describing and reflecting upon project relations; forming and testing a theory of action; collecting and displaying measurable results over time; and engaging and participating in a development program. The structures that enable these mechanisms are: connecting projects to shared values such as client needs; local ownership of what should be measured; and translating quality improvement into a single practice. Constraining structures identified are: a lack of generalizable scientific knowledge and inappropriate or missing infrastructure for measurements. Reflecting upon the emergent structures of nonprofit social services, the role of political macro structures, reflective practice, competence in statistical methods and areas of expertise becomes important. From this discussion and the findings some hypotheses for future work can be formulated. First, the identified mechanisms and structures form a framework that helps explain why intended actions of quality improvement occur or not. This frameworkcan be part of formulating a program theory of quality improvement in nonprofit social services. With this theory, quality improvement can be evaluated, reflected upon and further developed in future interventions. Second,new quality improvement interventions can be reproduced more regularly by active work with known enablers and constraints from this program theory. This means that long-lasting interventions can be performed and studied in a second generation of improvement efforts. Third, if organizations integrate quality improvement as a part of their everyday practice they also develop context-specific knowledge about their services. This context-specific knowledge can be adopted and further developed through dedicated management and understanding of variation. Thus, if enabling structures are invoked and constraining structures handled, systematic quality improvement could be one way to integrate generalizable scientific knowledge as part of an evidence-creating practice.

A nova senzala é logo ali: ao lado da Capital do Agronegócio; lá nos fundos dos canaviais sertanezinos

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Inadaptación escolar y social de los alumnos de EGB, FP, BUP en función del entorno rural, urbano.

Las hipótesis son: los escolares de áreas rurales presentan mayor índice de fracaso que los de zona urbana. Hay diferencias en el fracaso según la variable sexo, hay correlación entre el fracaso y el nivel socio-económico. Existe una relación entre problemas de adaptación escolar y fracaso, se relacionan problemas de adaptación social y fracaso, hay relación entre problemas de autoestima y fracaso, el desarrollo cognitivo y el interés escolar depende del hábitat. Se ha realizado un muestreo estratificado en función de población: rural o urbana y el tipo de centro público o privado con un total de 1300 alumnos de séptimo y octavo de EGB y primero y segundo de FP y de BUP. Es una investigación de tipo correlacional en la que se trata de estimar el grado de relación que existe entre el fracaso escolar y las variables. Variable dependiente: fracaso escolar. Variables independientes: autoestima, campos de interés, desarrollo cognoscitivo, inadaptación escolar, inadaptación social, nivel socio-económico, población rural urbana. Cuestionario personal: para recoger los datos personales. Cuestinario escolar: se estudia la escuela actual y la ideal. Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg. Cuestionario de Adaptación Escolar (CAE). Cuestionario de Adaptación Social (IAS). Escala para medir el pensamiento lógico Piaget-Longeot referido al campo concreto del azar. Análisis de correspondencias múltiples con el paquete SPAD para ver cuales son las variables influyentes. Tablas de contingencia para observar las relaciones reales en el análisis de correspondencias. Análisis de varianza. Prueba de Chi cuadrado. Paquete SPSS para estas dos últimas pruebas. No hay diferencias significativas entre áreas rurales y urbanas: el mayor fracaso se da en Formación Profesional y en la Escuela pública. Hay mayor índice de fracaso en varones que en mujeres. El mayor porcenteje de fracaso se relaciona con nivel socio-económico bajo y éste con la escuela pública. Los niños con fracaso presentan formas de inadaptación mayores que los otros. Los no fracasados presentan una media superior en adaptación social. La autoestima es más baja en niños rurales que en urbanos. Un nivel bajo de autoestima se relaciona con el fracaso. Los escolares de medio rural presentan un desarrollo cognoscitivo más lento que el de los urbanos.

Itinerarios escolares, familia e diversidade social : nunha comunidade rural galega. 'Itinerarios escolares, familia y diversidad social : en una comunidad rural gallega'.

Se realiza una investigación etnográfica con el fin de analizar los principales factores causantes de la inadaptación entre escuela y la comunidad rural gallega. La inadaptación social y cultural de las escuelas rurales es un problema muy frecuente en las áreas geográficas de perfil rural, e incide directamente en las desventajas que tienen los escolares para promoverse en el escalafón académico más allá de la enseñanza obligatoria.

Capital social e desenvolvimento rural no Rio Grande do Sul

A tese tem o objetivo de analisar o potencial heurístico do capital social para interpretar o processo de desenvolvimento do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, principalmente nos seus territórios rurais. Além disso, identifica-se a relevância da cultura política para a qualificação da democracia e o empoderamento do cidadão. Utilizou-se o método comparativo onde o capital social é variável independente e o desenvolvimento social e econômico variável dependente. Os dados foram angariados em informações secundárias, além de pesquisas empíricas inéditas realizadas no CORDE Nordeste, Porto Alegre e Ijuí no Rio Grande do Sul e Montevideo no Uruguai. Os resultados demonstram que o capital social é categoria adequada para explicar às desigualdades regionais, além de configurar-se como potencialidade de empoderamento da cidadania e qualificar a democracia.

Gestão Social em Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários: uma abordagem no Oeste Potiguar

The central research question was to search for data to ratify the theory and discourse of the so-called practitioners of economic solidarity, by defending the substantive rationality should guide the principles of economic solidary, designing the space economy incidental and not the primacy of relations in determining social as well, reflecting the predominance of dimensions of social management in administrative practices of ESS's. For both analyzed the theoretical dimensions of social management - sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental - manifested in organizational practices supportive of economic organization Potiguar West. For the success of the research realized the triangulation involving a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches. At first the research will use a quantitative approach, from the cluster analysis, to verify the behavior of the sample chosen for this study. In the second stage of the qualitative study was carried out focus group technique (FLICK, 2002) for further analysis of the dimensions of social management on organizational practices supportive of economic organization, related to the principles of Solidary Economy, established in a quantitative approach. In quantitative analysis, the socio-political dimension, it was clear that the more equity instruments of internal and external, from the purposeful living in public spaces, the best monetary results. Another point worth stressing concerns the economic dimension, with the practice reciprocity prevailing in market. Thus, the qualitative approach was possible to understand the processes of exchange of product or service. Rural enterprises surveyed in the allocation of the agro-ecological products have the following scale of priority, sequentially: self-consumption (domestic), market and exchange. The research leads to the fact that training and practices that enhance the socio-political dimension (knowledge, empowerment, sense of belonging) become the guiding principle for the strengthening of the social management in the context of other dimensions, leading to gains sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental. Despite the weaknesses found in the organizational dimension and environment, both in a quantitative as in qualitative, we determined that the practices of ESS's Potiguar West incorporate predominantly elements of social management and economic solidarity, with a preponderance of substantive rationality in the primacy of the instrumental. Finally, research has brought information that the participants of the ESS's do not give the money economy primacy in determining social relations, which in turn leads to the confirmation that, in practice the solidarity economy, prevailing the dominance of substantive rationality, as a guide for organizational practices

Capital Social e Desenvolvimento Rural: acesso, uso e gestão da água nos Territórios Rurais do Sertão do São Francisco

This study aimed to contribute to the discussion of social capital, seeking to relate that to the access, use and water resources management in the Sao Francisco Vale, specifically in rural areas of the wilderness of San Francisco situated in the State of Bahia and Pernambuco. As, stimulate action possibilities for individuals (family rural) apart by a patrimony public so precious that is water. Besides a theoretical discussion of social capital (networks, trust, participation) and rural development. We applied 387 questionnaires to farmers and some interviews with actors social of territorial forum and committee of the São Francisco basin where it was possible to correlate our variables in order to confirm our hypothesis: social capital is a key element to ensure access, use and management of water for rural families living in irrigated and rainfed areas

Turismo rural: uma viagem de inclusão produtiva

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

O trabalho rural e a sazonalidade do café: um estudo sobre assalariados do município de Campo Belo - MG

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

O movimento ambientalista e as propostas de implantação de usinas de álcool no pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul (1979-2009): um espaço sócio-ocupacional para o Serviço Social de MS

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS