Geocomplexo: Interação de elementos naturais e sociais - Produção e expansão da cana-de-açúcar na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranapanema - PR / SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Molecular measurement of BCR-ABL transcript variations in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in cytogenetic remission

Abstract Background The monitoring of BCR-ABL transcript levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become important to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) and standard of care in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, we performed a prospective, sequential analysis using RT-qPCR monitoring of BCR-ABL gene rearrangements in blood samples from 91 CML patients in chronic phase (CP) who achieved complete cytogenetic remission (CCyR) and major molecular remission (MMR) throughout imatinib treatment. Methods The absolute level of BCR-ABL transcript from peripheral blood was serially measured every 4 to 12 weeks by RT-qPCR. Only level variations > 0.5%, according to the international scale, was considered positive. Sequential cytogenetic analysis was also performed in bone marrow samples from all patients using standard protocols. Results Based on sequential analysis of BCR-ABL transcripts, the 91 patients were divided into three categories: (A) 57 (62.6%) had no variation on sequential analysis; (B) 30 (32.9%) had a single positive variation result obtained in a single sample; and (C) 4 (4.39%) had variations of BCR-ABL transcripts in at least two consecutive samples. Of the 34 patients who had elevated levels of transcripts (group B and C), 19 (55.8%) had a < 1% of BCR-ABL/BCR ratio, 13 (38.2%) patients had a 1% to 10% increase and 2 patients had a >10% increase of RT-qPCR. The last two patients had lost a CCyR, and none of them showed mutations in the ABL gene. Transient cytogenetic alterations in Ph-negative cells were observed in five (5.5%) patients, and none of whom lost CCyR. Conclusions Despite an increase levels of BCR-ABL/BCR ratio variations by RT-qPCR, the majority of CML patients with MMR remained in CCyR. Thus, such single variations should neither be considered predictive of subsequent failure and nor an indication for altering imatinib dose or switching to second generation therapy. Changing of imatinib on the basis of BCR-ABL/BCR% sustained increase and mutational studies is a prudent approach for preserving other therapeutic options in imatinib-resistant patients.

Emotions, Arousal, and Frontal Alpha Rhythm Asymmetry During Beethoven's 5th Symphony

Music is capable of inducing emotional arousal. While previous studies used brief musical excerpts to induce one specific emotion, the current study aimed to identify the physiological correlates of continuous changes in subjective emotional states while listening to a complete music piece. A total of 19 participants listened to the first movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 5th symphony (duration: ~7.4 min), during which a continuous 76-channel EEG was recorded. In a second session, the subjects evaluated their emotional arousal during the listening. A fast fourier transform was performed and covariance maps of spectral power were computed in association with the subjective arousal ratings. Subjective arousal ratings had good inter-individual correlations. Covariance maps showed a right-frontal suppression of lower alpha-band activity during high arousal. The results indicate that music is a powerful arousal-modulating stimulus. The temporal dynamics of the piece are well suited for sequential analysis, and could be necessary in helping unfold the full emotional power of music.

Temporal evolution of strut light intensity after implantation of bioresorbable polymeric intracoronary scaffolds in the ABSORB cohort B trial-an application of a new quantitative method based on optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND Quantitative light intensity analysis of the strut core by optical coherence tomography (OCT) may enable assessment of changes in the light reflectivity of the bioresorbable polymeric scaffold from polymer to provisional matrix and connective tissues, with full disappearance and integration of the scaffold into the vessel wall. The aim of this report was to describe the methodology and to apply it to serial human OCT images post procedure and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months in the ABSORB cohort B trial. METHODS AND RESULTS In serial frequency-domain OCT pullbacks, corresponding struts at different time points were identified by 3-dimensional foldout view. The peak and median values of light intensity were measured in the strut core by dedicated software. A total of 303 corresponding struts were serially analyzed at 3 time points. In the sequential analysis, peak light intensity increased gradually in the first 24 months after implantation and reached a plateau (relative difference with respect to baseline [%Dif]: 61.4% at 12 months, 115.0% at 24 months, 110.7% at 36 months), while the median intensity kept increasing at 36 months (%Dif: 14.3% at 12 months, 75.0% at 24 months, 93.1% at 36 months). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative light intensity analysis by OCT was capable of detecting subtle changes in the bioresorbable strut appearance over time, and could be used to monitor the bioresorption and integration process of polylactide struts.

Estudio teórico-experimental para la mejora de la resistencia estructural de autocares basado en el diseño de uniones y asientos

La presente tesis analiza la mejora de la resistencia estructural ante vuelco de autocares enfocando dos vías de actuación: análisis y propuestas de requisitos reglamentarios a nivel europeo y la generación de herramientas que ayuden al diseño y a la verificación de estos requisitos. Los requisitos reglamentarios de resistencia estructural a vuelco contemplan la superestructura de los vehículos pero no para los asientos y sistemas de retención. La influencia de los pasajeros retenidos es superior a la incluida en reglamentación (Reg. 66.01) debiendo considerarse unida al vehículo un porcentaje de la masa de los pasajeros del 91% para cinturón de tres puntos y del 52% para cinturón subabdominal frente al 50% reglamentario para todos los casos. Se ha determinado la cinemática y dinámica del vuelco normativo en sus diferentes fases, formulando las energías en las fases iniciales (hasta el impacto contra el suelo) y determinando la fase final de deformación a través del análisis secuencial de ensayos de módulos reales. Se han determinado los esfuerzos para los asientos que se dividen en dos fases diferenciadas temporalmente: una primera debida a la deformación estructural y una segunda debida al esfuerzo del pasajero retenido que se produce en sentido opuesto (con una deceleración del pasajero en torno a 3.3 g). Se ha caracterizado a través de ensayos cuasi.estáticos el comportamiento de perfiles a flexión y de las uniones estructurales de las principales zonas del vehículo (piso, ventana y techo) verificándose la validez del comportamiento plástico teórico Kecman.García para perfiles de hasta 4 mm de espesor y caracterizando la resistencia y rigidez en la zona elástica de las uniones en función del tipo de refuerzo, materiales y perfiles (análisis de más de 180 probetas). Se ha definido un método de ensayo cuasi.estático para asientos ante esfuerzos de vuelco, ensayándose 19 butacas y determinándose que son resistentes (salvo las uniones a vehículo con pinzas), que son capaces de absorber hasta más de un 17% de la energía absorbida, aunque algunos necesitan optimización para llegar a contribuir en el mecanismo de deformación estructural. Se han generado modelos simplificados para introducir en los modelos barra.rótula plástica: un modelo combinado unión+rótula plástica (que incluye la zona de rigidez determinada en función del tipo de unión) para la superestructura y un modelo simplificado de muelles no.lineales para los asientos. Igualmente se ha generado la metodología de diseño a través de ensayos virtuales con modelos de detalle de elementos finitos tanto de las uniones como de los asientos. Se ha propuesto una metodología de diseño basada en obtener el “mecanismo óptimo de deformación estructural” (elevando la zona de deformación lateral a nivel de ventana y en pilar o en costilla en techo). Para ello se abren dos vías: diseño de la superestructura (selección de perfiles y generación de uniones resistentes) o combinación con asientos (que en lugar de solo resistir las cargas pueden llegar a modificar el mecanismo de deformación). Se ha propuesto una metodología de verificación alternativa al vuelco de vehículo completo que contempla el cálculo cuasi.estático con modelos simplificados barra.rótula plástica más el ensayo de una sección representativa con asientos y utillajes antropomórficos retenidos que permite validar el diseño de las uniones, determinar el porcentaje de energía que debe absorberse por deformación estructural (factor C) y verificar el propio asiento como sistema de retención. ABSTRACT This research analyzes the improvement of the structural strength of buses and coaches under rollover from two perspectives: regulatory requirements at European level and generation of tools that will help to the design and to the verification of requirements. European Regulations about rollover structural strength includes requirements for the superstructure of the vehicles but not about seats, anchorages and restraint systems. The influence of the retained passengers is higher than the one included currently in the Regulations (Reg. 66.01), being needed to consider a 91% of the passenger mass as rigidly joint to the vehicle (for 3 points’ belt, a 52% for 2 points’ belt) instead of the 50% included in the Regulation. Kinematic and dynamic of the normative rollover has been determined from testing of different sections, formulating the energies of the first phases (up to the first impact with the ground) and determining the last deformation phase through sequential analysis of movements and deformations. The efforts due to rollover over the seats have been established, being divided in two different temporal phases: a first one due to the structural deformation of the vehicle and a second one due to the effort of the restrained passenger being this second one in opposite sense (with a passenger deceleration around 3.3 g). From quasi.static testing, the behavior of the structural tubes under flexural loads, including the principal joints in the vehicle (floor, window and roof), the validity of the theoretical plastic behavior according Kecman.García theories have been verified up to 4 mm of thickness. Strength of the joints as well as the stiffness of the elastic zone has been determined in function of main parameters: type of reinforcement, materials and section of the tubes (more than 180 test specimens). It has been defined a quasi.static testing methodology to characterize the seats and restrain system behavior under rollover, testing 19 double seats and concluding that they are resistant (excepting clamping joints), that they can absorb more than a 17 of the absorbed energy, and that some of them need optimization to contribute in the structural deformation mechanism. It has been generated simplified MEF models, to analyze in a beam.plastic hinge model: a combined model joint+plastic hinge (including the stiffness depending on the type of joint) for the superstructure and a simplified model with non.lineal springs to represent the seats. It has been detailed methodologies for detailed design of joints and seats from virtual testing (MEF models). A design methodology based in the “optimized structural deformation mechanism” (increasing the height of deformation of the lateral up to window level) is proposed. Two possibilities are analyzed: design of the superstructure based on the selection of profiles and design of strength joints (were seats only resist the efforts and contribute in the energy absorption) or combination structure.seats, were seats contributes in the deformation mechanism. An alternative methodology to the rollover of a vehicle that includes the quasi.static calculation with simplified models “beam.joint+plastic hinge” plus the testing of a representative section of the vehicle including seats and anthropomorphic ballast restrained by the safety belts is presented. The test of the section allows validate the design of the joints, determine the percentage of energy to be absorbed by structural deformation (factor C) and verify the seat as a retention system.

Estimating sequestered parasite population dynamics in cerebral malaria

Clinical investigation of malaria is hampered by the lack of a method for estimating the number of parasites that are sequestered in the tissues, for it is these parasites that are thought to be crucial to the pathogenesis of life-threatening complications such as cerebral malaria. We present a method of estimating this hidden population by using clinical observations of peripheral parasitemia combined with an age-structured mathematical model of the parasite erythrocyte cycle. Applying the model to data from 217 Gambian children undergoing treatment for cerebral malaria we conclude that although artemether clears parasitemia more rapidly than quinine, the clearance of sequestered parasites is similar for the two drugs. The estimated sequestered mass was found to be a more direct predictor of fatal outcome than clinically observed parasitemia. This method allows a sequential analysis of sequestered parasite population dynamics in children suffering from cerebral malaria, and the results offer a possible explanation for why artemether provides less advantage than might have been expected over quinine in reducing mortality despite its rapid effect on circulating parasites.

Sequence determination from fragment data.

"C00-1018-1219."

About Problems of Decision Making in Social and Economic Systems

The reasons of a restricted applicability of the models of decision making in social and economic systems. 3 basic principles of growth of their adequacy are proposed: "localization" of solutions, direct account of influencing of the individual on process of decision making ("subjectivity of objectivity") and reduction of influencing of the individual psychosomatic characteristics of the subject (" objectivity of subjectivity ") are offered. The principles are illustrated on mathematical models of decision making in ecologically- economic and social systems.

Avaliação do controle da diagênese na qualidade de reservatório siliciclástico do cenomaniano superior da formação Açu, sudoeste da bacia potiguar

The distribution of diagenetic alterations in Late Cenomanian siliciclastic reservoirs from Potiguar Basin was influenced by the stratigraphic framework and the depositional system. Seismic sections and geophysical logs of two wells drilled in the SW portion of the mentioned basin above register regional stratigraphic surfaces representing maximum floods related to a transgressive event. The sequential analysis of 80 m of drill core (~450 m deep) recognized nine depositional facies with an upwards granodecrescent standard piling that limits cycles with an erosional conglomeratic base (lag) overlain by intercalations of medium to very fine sandstones showing cross bedding (channel, planar and low angled) and horizontal bedding (plane-parallel , wave and flaser). The top of the cycles is marked by the deposition of pelites and the development of paleosoils and lagoons. The correlation of genetically related facies reveals associations of channel fillings, crevasse, and flood plains deposited in a transgressive system. Detailed descriptions of seventy nine thin sections aided by MEV-EBSD/EDS, DRX and stable isotope analyses in sandstones revealed an arcosian composition and complex textural arrays with abundant smectite fringes continuously covering primary components, mechanically infiltrated cuticles and moldic and intragrain pores. K-feldspar epitaxial overgrowth covers microcline and orthoclase grains before any other phase. Abundant pseudomatrix due to the compactation of mud intraclasts concentrate along the stratification planes, locally replaced by macrocristalline calcite and microcrystalline and framboidal pyrite. Kaolinite (booklets and vermicular), microcrystalline smectite, microcrystalline titanium minerals and pyrite replace the primary components. The intergrain porosity prevails over the moldic, intragrain and contraction porosities. The pores are poorly connected due to the presence of intergranular smectite, k-feldspar overgrowth, infiltrated mud and pseudomatrix. The sandstones were subjected to eodiagenetic conditions next to the surface and shallow burial mesodiagenetic conditions. The diagenetic alterations reduced the porosity and the permeability mainly due to the precipitation of smectite fringes, compactation of mud intraclasts onto the pseudomatrix and cementing by poikilotopic calcite characterizing different reservoir petrofacies. These diagenetic products acted as barriers and detours to the flow of fluids thus reducing the quality of the reservoir.

Análise sequencial de criação de situações de finalização no basquetebol

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desporto com especialização em Treino Desportivo

The Effect of Mark Enhancement Techniques on the Subsequent Detection of Saliva

There appears to be a limited but growing body of research on the sequential analysis/treatment of multiple types of evidence. The development of an integrated forensic approach is necessary to maximise evidence recovery and to ensure that a particular treatment is not detrimental to other types of evidence. This study aims to assess the effect of latent and blood mark enhancement techniques (e.g. fluorescence, ninhydrin, acid violet 17, black iron-oxide powder suspension) on the subsequent detection of saliva. Saliva detection was performed by means of a presumptive test (Phadebas®) in addition to analysis by a rapid stain identification (RSID) kit test and confirmatory DNA testing. Additional variables included a saliva depletion series and a number of different substrates with varying porosities as well as different ageing periods. Examination and photography under white light and fluorescence was carried out prior to and after chemical enhancement All enhancement techniques (except Bluestar® Forensic Magnum luminol) employed in this study resulted in an improved visualisation of the saliva stains, although the inherent fluorescence of saliva was sometimes blocked after chemical treatment. The use of protein stains was, in general, detrimental to the detection of saliva. Positive results were less pronounced after the use of black iron-oxide powder suspension, cyanoacrylate fuming followed by BY40 and ninhydrin when compared to the respective positive controls. The application of Bluestar® Forensic Magnum luminol and black magnetic powder proved to be the least detrimental, with no significant difference between the test results and the positive controls. The use of non-destructive fluorescence examination provided good visualisation; however, only the first few marks in the depletion were observed. Of the samples selected for DNA analysis only depletion 1 samples contained sufficient DNA quantity for further processing using standard methodology. The 28 day delay between sample deposition and collection resulted in a 5-fold reduction in the amount of useable DNA. When sufficient DNA quantities were recovered, enhancement techniques did not have a detrimental effect on the ability to generate DNA profiles. This study aims to contribute to a strategy for maximising evidence recovery and efficiency for the detection of latent marks and saliva. The results demonstrate that most of the enhancement techniques employed in this study were not detrimental to the subsequent detection of saliva by means of presumptive, confirmative and DNA tests.

"Ich sehe was, was Du nicht siehst…“ – Was Rineke Dijkstra mit ihrem Video I see a woman crying (Weeping Woman) vor Augen führt

Die Autorin interpretiert das Video "I see a woman crying (Weeping Woman)" der niederländischen Künstlerin Rinke Dijkstra unter Aspekten des Bildungsprozesses von Kindern. In der sequentiellen Erschließung einzelner Szenen des Videos kann gezeigt werden, wie ein Gespräch von Kindern ein Kunstwerk thematisiert. Damit wird mit künstlerisch-ästhetischen Mitteln das Bildungsproblem inszeniert. (DIPF/Autor)

Análise sequencial de criação de situações de finalização no basquetebol

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desporto com especialização em Treino Desportivo

Patterns of Play in the Fast attack of F. C. Barcelona, Manchester United and F. C. Internazionale Milano: a Mixed Method Approach

This study aimed to detect and analyse regular patterns of play in fast attack of football teams, through the combination of the sequential analysis technique and semi-structured interviews to experienced first League Portuguese coaches. The sample included 36 games (12 games of the respective national leagues per team) of the F.C. Barcelona, Inter Milan, and Manchester United teams that were coded with the observational instrument tool developed by Sarmento et al. (2010) and the data analysed through sequential analysis with the software SDIS-GSEQ 5.0. Based on the detected patterns, semi-structured interviews were carried out to 8 expert high-performance football coaches and data were analysed through the content analysis technique using the software NVivo 10. The detected patterns of play revealed specific characteristics of the teams under study. The combination of the results of sequential analysis with the qualitative interviews to the professional coaches proved to be very fruitful in this game the analysis of scope, allowing reconcile scientific knowledge with practical interpretation of coaches who develop their tasks in the field.

Managing pressure: patterns of appraisals and coping strategies of non-elite and elite athletes during competition

The purpose of this study was to compare moment-to-moment appraisals and coping strategies of 4 non-elite and 2 elite male trap shooters during competitions and in particular during periods of competition perceived as critical to performance. Appraisals and coping patterns of trap shooters were captured via verbal reports of thinking provided between sets of shots during major competitions. Verbal reports were coded according to an appraisal and coping typology. Coded data as well as shooting performance data were subjected to a sequential analysis of probabilities of pairs of events. Fewer reports of negative appraisals (NEGAs) and more frequent reports of problem-focused coping (PFC) were observed among both elite athletes compared to non-elite athletes. After making a NEGA, non-elite shooters often progressed to the next target without attempting to cope, whereas elite shooters used both PFC and emotion-focused coping (EFC) before proceeding to the next target. After missing a target, the non-elite athletes used more EFC than expected. These results indicate that elite athletes are more likely to cope with NEGAs than non-elite athletes using a wider variety of coping strategies. Athletes might benefit from increased awareness of the potentially detrimental impact of NEGAs on performance and by integrating coping strategies within preparatory routines.