Messung dispositioneller Selbstkontroll-Kapazität: Eine deutsche Adaptation der Kurzform der Self-Control Scale (SCS-K-D)

Self-control is defined as the overriding or modification of one’s own response tendencies. Dispositional self control capacity is positively linked to various kinds of adaptive behavior. In order to economically measure self-control capacity in German-speaking samples, the brief version of the Self-Control Scale by Tangney, Baumeister and Boone (2004) was adapted into German. The translated entire Self-Control Scale consisting of 36 items was administered to university students (N = 316, study 1) and secondary school students (N = 335, study 2). The brief version consisting of 13 items, which were included in the entire scale, proved to be one-dimensional, reliable, and valid in terms of expected correlations with criteria. The comparison between the brief and the entire scale showed that the costs of the more economical brief measure with regard to reliability and validity are low.

All-ceramic or metal-ceramic tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs)? A systematic review of the survival and complication rates. Part I: Single crowns (SCs).

OBJECTIVE To assess the 5-year survival of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic tooth-supported single crowns (SCs) and to describe the incidence of biological, technical and esthetic complications. METHODS Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) searches (2006-2013) were performed for clinical studies focusing on tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with a mean follow-up of at least 3 years. This was complimented by an additional hand search and the inclusion of 34 studies from a previous systematic review [1,2]. Survival and complication rates were analyzed using robust Poisson's regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5-year proportions. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies reporting on 4663 metal-ceramic and 9434 all-ceramic SCs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies reported on metal-ceramic crowns, and 54 studies reported on all-ceramic crowns. Meta-analysis of the included studies indicated an estimated survival rate of metal-ceramic SCs of 94.7% (95% CI: 94.1-96.9%) after 5 years. This was similar to the estimated 5-year survival rate of leucit or lithium-disilicate reinforced glass ceramic SCs (96.6%; 95% CI: 94.9-96.7%), of glass infiltrated alumina SCs (94.6%; 95% CI: 92.7-96%) and densely sintered alumina and zirconia SCs (96%; 95% CI: 93.8-97.5%; 92.1%; 95% CI: 82.8-95.6%). In contrast, the 5-year survival rates of feldspathic/silica-based ceramic crowns were lower (p<0.001). When the outcomes in anterior and posterior regions were compared feldspathic/silica-based ceramic and zirconia crowns exhibited significantly lower survival rates in the posterior region (p<0.0001), the other crown types performed similarly. Densely sintered zirconia SCs were more frequently lost due to veneering ceramic fractures than metal-ceramic SCs (p<0.001), and had significantly more loss of retention (p<0.001). In total higher 5 year rates of framework fracture were reported for the all-ceramic SCs than for metal-ceramic SCs. CONCLUSIONS Survival rates of most types of all-ceramic SCs were similar to those reported for metal-ceramic SCs, both in anterior and posterior regions. Weaker feldspathic/silica-based ceramics should be limited to applications in the anterior region. Zirconia-based SCs should not be considered as primary option due to their high incidence of technical problems.

High Intensity Low Temperature (HILT) performance of space concentrator GaInP/GaInAs/Ge MJ SCs

In the work, the results of an investigation of GaInP/GaInAs/Ge MJ SCs intended for converting concentrated solar radiation, when operating at low temperatures (down to -190 degrees C) are presented. A kink of the cell I-V characteristic has been observed in the region close to V-oc starting from -20 degrees C at operation under concentrated sunlight. The causes for its occurrence have been analyzed and the reasons for formation of a built-in potential barrier for majority charge carriers at the n-GaInP/n-Ge isotype hetero-interface are discussed. The effect of charge carrier transport in n-GaInP/n-p Ge heterostructures on MJ SC output characteristics at low temperatures has been studied including EL technique.

Structured codebooks for SCS watermarking

Digital watermarking aims at embedding information in digital data. The watermark is usually required to be imperceptible, unremovable and to have a high information content. Unfortunately, these three requirements are contradicting. For example, having a more robust watermark makes it either more perceptible or/and less informative. For Gaussian data and additive white Gaussian noise, an optimal but also impractical scheme has already be devised. Since then, many practical schemes have tried to approach the theoretical limits. This paper investigate improvements to current state-of-the-art embedding schemes.

Morfologia urbana na zona ocidental intramuros da cidade de Évora (sécs. XIII -XXI): do património à malha urbana

Resumo O património eborense integra um conjunto muito notável de monumentos civis e religiosos que têm originado ao longo do tempo a formação e desenvolvimento de tecido urbano. Desse património ressalta-se a construção de casas religiosas disseminadas em espaço anexo ao primitivo recinto amuralhado tendo as suas comunidades residentes influenciado sobremaneira os habitantes da área circundante. Algumas dessas áreas foram ocupadas por complexos religiosos (S. Domingos - século XIII, Santa Clara - século XV, Santa Catarina de Sena e Santa Helena do Monte Calvário - século XVI). As intervenções projetadas nas antigas cercas monástico-conventuais realizadas posteriormente à exclaustração das ordens religiosas abrangem não apenas a construção dos espaços livres mas também pontualmente a reformulação, por vezes radical, das antigas estruturas pertencentes aos complexos religiosos já desativados. Nos espaços verdes que constituíam as antigas cercas, ocorreu a eliminação ou alteração de uso do solo de tais áreas e desapareceu simultaneamente muito do historial destes locais. A reorganização interior das construções e a reformulação volumétrica, adaptando-as às atuais exigências funcionais, determinam que as demolições sejam correntes nessas intervenções. A organização espacial inerente à vida monástico-conventual dissipa-se definitivamente com essas demolições, que ocasionam também o desaparecimento de um conjunto significativo de elementos construtivos, como por exemplo, elementos decorativos. Neste caso ou são levados, conjuntamente com o entulho das obras, para vazadouro público, ou em casos mais raros introduzidos nas novas construções erigidas no local, descontextualizados. A redução substancial das manchas verdes intramuros constituíram-se como abrigo para espécies animais, além do decréscimo de áreas de absorção de água para o subsolo foram aspetos controversos resultantes de tais tipos de intervenções na cidade. Os casos que são objeto do presente trabalho apresentam quatro situações distintas: reconstrução total de todo o espaço (Santa Catarina), reutilização de um antigo espaço monástico (Santa Clara), o espaço respeitante ao antigo convento de S. Domingos que se encontra parcialmente ocupado/loteado, e o espaço do Mosteiro do Calvário de dimensões muito consideráveis que atualmente se encontra expectante (antiga cerca) e reduzidamente ocupado (edifício). O objetivo é procurar estabelecer comparações entre quatro situações muito diferenciadas, com intervenções de maior ou menor qualidade para a regeneração urbana. Neste âmbito, a cartografia urbana histórica da cidade torna-se essencial para a compreensão evolutiva do tecido urbano.

Morfologia urbana na zona ocidental intramuros da cidade de Évora (sécs. XIII -XXI): do património à malha urbana

Resumo: O património eborense integra um conjunto muito notável de monumentos civis e religiosos que têm originado ao longo do tempo a formação e desenvolvimento de tecido urbano. Desse património ressalta-se a construção de casas religiosas disseminadas em espaço anexo ao primitivo recinto amuralhado tendo as suas comunidades residentes influenciado sobremaneira os habitantes da área circundante. Algumas dessas áreas foram ocupadas por complexos religiosos (S. Domingos - século XIII, Santa Clara - século XV, Santa Catarina de Sena e Santa Helena do Monte Calvário - século XVI). As intervenções projetadas nas antigas cercas monástico-conventuais realizadas posteriormente à exclaustração das ordens religiosas abrangem não apenas a construção dos espaços livres mas também pontualmente a reformulação, por vezes radical, das antigas estruturas pertencentes aos complexos religiosos já desativados. Nos espaços verdes que constituíam as antigas cercas, ocorreu a eliminação ou alteração de uso do solo de tais áreas e desapareceu simultaneamente muito do historial destes locais. A reorganização interior das construções e a reformulação volumétrica, adaptando-as às atuais exigências funcionais, determinam que as demolições sejam correntes nessas intervenções. A organização espacial inerente à vida monástico-conventual dissipa-se definitivamente com essas demolições, que ocasionam também o desaparecimento de um conjunto significativo de elementos construtivos, como por exemplo, elementos decorativos. Neste caso ou são levados, conjuntamente com o entulho das obras, para vazadouro público, ou em casos mais raros introduzidos nas novas construções erigidas no local, descontextualizados. A redução substancial das manchas verdes intramuros constituíram-se como abrigo para espécies animais, além do decréscimo de áreas de absorção de água para o subsolo foram aspetos controversos resultantes de tais tipos de intervenções na cidade. Os casos que são objeto do presente trabalho apresentam quatro situações distintas: reconstrução total de todo o espaço (Santa Catarina), reutilização de um antigo espaço monástico (Santa Clara), o espaço respeitante ao antigo convento de S. Domingos que se encontra parcialmente ocupado/loteado, e o espaço do Mosteiro do Calvário de dimensões muito consideráveis que atualmente se encontra expectante (antiga cerca) e reduzidamente ocupado (edifício). O objetivo é procurar estabelecer comparações entre quatro situações muito diferenciadas, com intervenções de maior ou menor qualidade para a regeneração urbana. Neste âmbito, a cartografia urbana histórica da cidade torna-se essencial para a compreensão evolutiva do tecido urbano.

A Inquisição nas terras periféricas: comissários, notários e familiares do Santo Ofício em Montemor-o-Novo (sécs. XVI-XIX)

O objectivo deste trabalho é estudar os agentes locais da Inquisição portuguesa, residentes no concelho de Montemor-o-Novo, entre 1570 e 1821. Estes indivíduos integravam as redes de enraizamento local desenvolvidaspelo Tribunal, que tinham como objectivo alargar as suas áreas de actuação e influência. Como consequência, havia uma forte articulação entre estes postos e as elites residentes nos diversos municípios, do Reino e Império. Este trabalho propõe definir que cargos oferecidos pela Inquisição se encontravam entre a população de Montemor-o-Novo. Pretende-se, ainda, perceber se havia ou não especificidades deste concelho, face aos que já foram alvo deste tipo de análise.

Up the junction? Exploiting knowledge-based development through supply chain and SME cluster interactions

Maximisation of Knowledge-Based Development (KBD) benefits requires effective dissemination and utilisation mechanisms to accompany the initial knowledge creation process. This work highlights the potential for interactions between Supply Chains (SCs) and Small and Medium sized Enterprise Clusters (SMECs), (including via ‘junction’ firms which are members of both networks), to facilitate such effective dissemination and utilisation of knowledge. In both these network types there are firms that readily utilise their relationships and ties for ongoing business success through innovation. The following chapter highlights the potential for such beneficial interactions between SCs and SMECs in key elements of KBD, particularly knowledge management, innovation and technology transfer. Because there has been little focus on the interactions between SCs and SMECs, particularly when firms simultaneously belong to both, this chapter examines the conduits through which information and knowledge can be transferred and utilised. It shows that each network type has its own distinct advantages in the types of information searched for and transferred amongst network member firms. Comparing and contrasting these advantages shows opportunities for both networks to leverage the knowledge sharing strengths of each other, through these ‘junctions’ to address their own weaknesses, allowing implications to be drawn concerning new ways of utilising relationships for mutual network gains.

Perceptions of clinical safety climate of the multicultural nursing workforce in Saudi Arabia : a cross-sectional survey

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the safety climate perceptions of the multicultural nursing workforce, and to investigate the influence of diversity of the multicultural nursing workforce on clinical safety in a large tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Background Working in a multicultural environment is challenging. Each culture has its own unique characteristics and dimensions that shape the language, lifestyle, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, and patterns of behaviour, which expatriate nurses must come to terms with. However, cultural diversity in the health care environment can potentially affect the quality of care and patient safety. Method A mixed-method case study (survey, interview and document analysis) was employed. A primary study phase entailed the administration of the Safety Climate Survey (SCS). A population sampling strategy was used and 319 nurses participated, yielding a 76.8% response rate. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal–Wallis test) were used to analyse survey data. Results The data revealed the nurses’ perceptions of the clinical safety climate in this multicultural environment was unsafe, with a mean score of 3.9 out of 5. No significant difference was found between the age groups, years of nursing experience and their perceptions of the safety climate in this context. A significant difference was observed between the national background categories of nurses and perceptions of safety climate. Conclusion Cultural diversity within the nursing workforce could have a significant influence on perceptions of clinical safety. These findings have the potential to inform policy and practice related to cultural diversity in Saudi Arabia.

Flexural-torsional buckling tests of cold-formed steel compression members at elevated temperatures

Current design standards do not provide adequate guidelines for the fire design of cold-formed steel compression members subject to flexural-torsional buckling. Eurocode 3 Part 1.2 (2005) recommends the same fire design guidelines for both hot-rolled and cold-formed steel compression members subject to flexural-torsional buckling although considerable behavioural differences exist between cold-formed and hot-rolled steel members. Past research has recommended the use of ambient temperature cold-formed steel design rules for the fire design of cold-formed steel compression members provided appropriately reduced mechanical properties are used at elevated temperatures. To assess the accuracy of flexural-torsional buckling design rules in both ambient temperature cold-formed steel design and fire design standards, an experimental study of slender cold-formed steel compression members was undertaken at both ambient and elevated temperatures. This paper presents the details of this experimental study, its results, and their comparison with the predictions from the current design rules. It was found that the current ambient temperature design rules are conservative while the fire design rules are overly conservative. Suitable recommendations have been made in relation to the currently available design rules for flexural-torsional buckling including methods of improvement. Most importantly, this paper has addressed the lack of experimental results for slender cold-formed steel columns at elevated temperatures.

Performance-based structural fire design of steel frames using conventional computer software

Fire incident in buildings is common, so the fire safety design of the framed structure is imperative, especially for the unprotected or partly protected bare steel frames. However, software for structural fire analysis is not widely available. As a result, the performance-based structural fire design is urged on the basis of using user-friendly and conventional nonlinear computer analysis programs so that engineers do not need to acquire new structural analysis software for structural fire analysis and design. The tool is desired to have the capacity of simulating the different fire scenarios and associated detrimental effects efficiently, which includes second-order P-D and P-d effects and material yielding. Also the nonlinear behaviour of large-scale structure becomes complicated when under fire, and thus its simulation relies on an efficient and effective numerical analysis to cope with intricate nonlinear effects due to fire. To this end, the present fire study utilizes a second order elastic/plastic analysis software NIDA to predict structural behaviour of bare steel framed structures at elevated temperatures. This fire study considers thermal expansion and material degradation due to heating. Degradation of material strength with increasing temperature is included by a set of temperature-stress-strain curves according to BS5950 Part 8 mainly, which implicitly allows for creep deformation. This finite element stiffness formulation of beam-column elements is derived from the fifth-order PEP element which facilitates the computer modeling by one member per element. The Newton-Raphson method is used in the nonlinear solution procedure in order to trace the nonlinear equilibrium path at specified elevated temperatures. Several numerical and experimental verifications of framed structures are presented and compared against solutions in literature. The proposed method permits engineers to adopt the performance-based structural fire analysis and design using typical second-order nonlinear structural analysis software.

Emerging stem cell controls : nanomaterials and plasma effects

Stem cells (SC) are among the most promising cell sources for tissue engineering due to their ability to self-renew and differentiate, properties that underpin their clinical application in tissue regeneration. As such, control of SC fate is one of the most crucial issues that needs to be fully understood to realise their tremendous potential in regenerative biology. The use of functionalized nanostructured materials (NM) to control the microscale regulation of SC has offered a number of new features and opportunities for regulating SC. However, fabricating and modifying such NM to induce specific SC response still represent a significant scientific and technological challenge. Due to their versatility, plasmas are particularly attractive for the manufacturing and modification of tailored nanostructured surfaces for stem cell control. In this review, we briefly describe the biological role of SC and the mechanisms by which they are controlled and then highlight the benefits of using a range of nanomaterials to control the fate of SC. We then discuss how plasma nanoscience research can help produce/functionalise these NMs for more effective and specific interaction with SCs. The review concludes with a perspective on the advantages and challenges of research at the intersection between plasma physics, materials science, nanoscience, and SC biology.