The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association

Annually, the association publishes a journal, The Proceedings, which consists of papers presented at the annual meeting. The Unionist Party and the Third Home Rule Crisis, 1912-1914” by W. S. Brockington, Jr. To Herald the Revolution: The Public Activists of G. V. Chicherin and Maksim Litvinov in Wartime Britain by William J. Lavery William W. Boyce: A Leader of the Southern Peace Movement by Roger P. Leemhuis South Carolina Leadership in the Southern Unification Movement, 1849-1850 by Thelma Jennings Soul of the South: James F. Byrnes and the Racial Issue in American Politics, 1911-1941 by Winfred B. Moore, Jr. Cole L. Blease and the Senatorial Campaign of 1924 by Daniel W. Hollis The Cuban Revolution in Historical Perspective

Private Home Care in Municipal Service Systems – A Case Study among Finnish and Swedish Municipalities

The aim of this study is to assess the current and future preconditions for conducting private business in municipal service systems for home care in Lahti and Hyvinkää in Finland, and in Uppsala and Huddinge in Sweden. This study also aims to assess the implications of quality related issues on the preconditions for conducting private business in the service systems in question. The theories and the research methodologies of the study are based on the Business Model Generation and the Business Model Canvas -concepts. Also a couple of frameworks on implications of quality are applied and integrated into the study. The study is completed as a case study – with structured and identical approaches for all four municipalities. The analyses and assessments of the study are primarily qualitative, but supported by simple quantitative methodologies. The data of the study consists primarily of publicly available information, and secondarily of answers provided by the case-municipalities to multiple choice questions. The results of the study show that the service systems for home care among the case-municipalities are, from perspective of private companies, diverse with local characteristics. Both the premises for conducting private business and the quality-issues are in many respects different in the Finnish and the Swedish case-municipalities. This is partly due to differences in the national service systems; the service voucher system versus the system of choice. Still, it appears that the current preconditions for conducting private business in the service systems for home care, including the implications of quality, would be more favorable in Uppsala and Huddinge than in Lahti and Hyvinkää. On the other hand, the service systems are subject to changes, and the most positive and significant development is here forecasted for a Finnish case-municipality (Lahti). Communication of quality is clearly more advanced in the Swedish case-municipalities. The results of this study can be utilized in several ways, for instance by private companies interested in entering into service systems for home care, either in some of the case-municipalities, or in some other Finnish or Swedish municipalities. Also municipalities can apply the analyses of the study when designing, developing or evaluating their own service systems for home care.

Mobile home sales and service : final staff report to the Federal Trade Commission and proposed trade regulation rule (16 CFR part 441) /

At head of title: Federal Trade Commission.

Garment drafting by simple rule method; a student's manual for home and school garment cutting,

Blank pages at end.

An appraisal of mobile home living--the parks and residents: 1. Factors influencing social patterns in mobile home parks; 2. Mobile home parks and municipal costs and revenues;

Cover title.

Implementació d'un sistema gestor per una piscina municipal seguint metodologies del disseny centrat en l'usuari

Seguint les metodologies i tècniques del disseny centrat en l'usuari, s'implementa un sistema per gestionar les diferents necessitats d'una piscina municipal. Per a la realització es té en compte tot el referent a l'àmbit de la interacció persona-ordinador.

Database Rights in Safe European Home: The Path to More Rigorous Protection of Information

1. Introduction "The one that has compiled ... a database, the collection, securing the validity or presentation of which has required an essential investment, has the sole right to control the content over the whole work or over either a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part of the work both by means of reproduction and by making them available to the public", Finnish Copyright Act, section 49.1 These are the laconic words that implemented the much-awaited and hotly debated European Community Directive on the legal protection of databases,2 the EDD, into Finnish Copyright legislation in 1998. Now in the year 2005, after more than half a decade of the domestic implementation it is yet uncertain as to the proper meaning and construction of the convoluted qualitative criteria the current legislation employs as a prerequisite for the database protection both in Finland and within the European Union. Further, this opaque Pan-European instrument has the potential of bringing about a number of far-reaching economic and cultural ramifications, which have remained largely uncharted or unobserved. Thus the task of understanding this particular and currently peculiarly European new intellectual property regime is twofold: first, to understand the mechanics and functioning of the EDD and second, to realise the potential and risks inherent in the new legislation in economic, cultural and societal dimensions. 2. Subject-matter of the study: basic issues The first part of the task mentioned above is straightforward: questions such as what is meant by the key concepts triggering the functioning of the EDD such as presentation of independent information, what constitutes an essential investment in acquiring data and when the reproduction of a given database reaches either qualitatively or quantitatively the threshold of substantiality before the right-holder of a database can avail himself of the remedies provided by the statutory framework remain unclear and call for a careful analysis. As for second task, it is already obvious that the practical importance of the legal protection providedby the database right is in the rapid increase. The accelerating transformationof information into digital form is an existing fact, not merely a reflection of a shape of things to come in the future. To take a simple example, the digitisation of a map, traditionally in paper format and protected by copyright, can provide the consumer a markedly easier and faster access to the wanted material and the price can be, depending on the current state of the marketplace, cheaper than that of the traditional form or even free by means of public lending libraries providing access to the information online. This also renders it possible for authors and publishers to make available and sell their products to markedly larger, international markets while the production and distribution costs can be kept at minimum due to the new electronic production, marketing and distributionmechanisms to mention a few. The troublesome side is for authors and publishers the vastly enhanced potential for illegal copying by electronic means, producing numerous virtually identical copies at speed. The fear of illegal copying canlead to stark technical protection that in turn can dampen down the demand for information goods and services and furthermore, efficiently hamper the right of access to the materials available lawfully in electronic form and thus weaken the possibility of access to information, education and the cultural heritage of anation or nations, a condition precedent for a functioning democracy. 3. Particular issues in Digital Economy and Information Networks All what is said above applies a fortiori to the databases. As a result of the ubiquity of the Internet and the pending breakthrough of Mobile Internet, peer-to-peer Networks, Localand Wide Local Area Networks, a rapidly increasing amount of information not protected by traditional copyright, such as various lists, catalogues and tables,3previously protected partially by the old section 49 of the Finnish Copyright act are available free or for consideration in the Internet, and by the same token importantly, numerous databases are collected in order to enable the marketing, tendering and selling products and services in above mentioned networks. Databases and the information embedded therein constitutes a pivotal element in virtually any commercial operation including product and service development, scientific research and education. A poignant but not instantaneously an obvious example of this is a database consisting of physical coordinates of a certain selected group of customers for marketing purposes through cellular phones, laptops and several handheld or vehicle-based devices connected online. These practical needs call for answer to a plethora of questions already outlined above: Has thecollection and securing the validity of this information required an essential input? What qualifies as a quantitatively or qualitatively significant investment? According to the Directive, the database comprises works, information and other independent materials, which are arranged in systematic or methodical way andare individually accessible by electronic or other means. Under what circumstances then, are the materials regarded as arranged in systematic or methodical way? Only when the protected elements of a database are established, the question concerning the scope of protection becomes acute. In digital context, the traditional notions of reproduction and making available to the public of digital materials seem to fit ill or lead into interpretations that are at variance with analogous domain as regards the lawful and illegal uses of information. This may well interfere with or rework the way in which the commercial and other operators have to establish themselves and function in the existing value networks of information products and services. 4. International sphere After the expiry of the implementation period for the European Community Directive on legal protection of databases, the goals of the Directive must have been consolidated into the domestic legislations of the current twenty-five Member States within the European Union. On one hand, these fundamental questions readily imply that the problemsrelated to correct construction of the Directive underlying the domestic legislation transpire the national boundaries. On the other hand, the disputes arisingon account of the implementation and interpretation of the Directive on the European level attract significance domestically. Consequently, the guidelines on correct interpretation of the Directive importing the practical, business-oriented solutions may well have application on European level. This underlines the exigency for a thorough analysis on the implications of the meaning and potential scope of Database protection in Finland and the European Union. This position hasto be contrasted with the larger, international sphere, which in early 2005 does differ markedly from European Union stance, directly having a negative effect on international trade particularly in digital content. A particular case in point is the USA, a database producer primus inter pares, not at least yet having aSui Generis database regime or its kin, while both the political and academic discourse on the matter abounds. 5. The objectives of the study The above mentioned background with its several open issues calls for the detailed study of thefollowing questions: -What is a database-at-law and when is a database protected by intellectual property rights, particularly by the European database regime?What is the international situation? -How is a database protected and what is its relation with other intellectual property regimes, particularly in the Digital context? -The opportunities and threats provided by current protection to creators, users and the society as a whole, including the commercial and cultural implications? -The difficult question on relation of the Database protection and protection of factual information as such. 6. Dsiposition The Study, in purporting to analyse and cast light on the questions above, is divided into three mainparts. The first part has the purpose of introducing the political and rationalbackground and subsequent legislative evolution path of the European database protection, reflected against the international backdrop on the issue. An introduction to databases, originally a vehicle of modern computing and information andcommunication technology, is also incorporated. The second part sets out the chosen and existing two-tier model of the database protection, reviewing both itscopyright and Sui Generis right facets in detail together with the emergent application of the machinery in real-life societal and particularly commercial context. Furthermore, a general outline of copyright, relevant in context of copyright databases is provided. For purposes of further comparison, a chapter on the precursor of Sui Generi, database right, the Nordic catalogue rule also ensues. The third and final part analyses the positive and negative impact of the database protection system and attempts to scrutinize the implications further in the future with some caveats and tentative recommendations, in particular as regards the convoluted issue concerning the IPR protection of information per se, a new tenet in the domain of copyright and related rights.

Unlicensed personnel administering medications to older persons living at home : a challenge for social and care services

BACKGROUND: Administration of medication to care recipients is delegated to home-care assistants working in the municipal social care, alongside responsibility for providing personal assistance for older people. Home-care assistants have practical administration skills, but lack formal medical knowledge. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore how home-care assistants perceive administration of medication to older people living at home, as delegated to them in the context of social care. METHODS: Four focus groups consisting of 19 home-care assistants were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: According to home-care assistants, health and social care depends on delegation arrangements to function effectively, but in the first place it relieves a burden for district nurses. Even when the delegation had expired, administration of medication continued, placing the statutes of regulation in a subordinate position. There was low awareness among home-care assistants about the content of the statutes of delegation. Accepting delegation to administer medications has become an implicit prerequisite for social care work in the municipality. CONCLUSIONS: Accepting the delegation to administer medication was inevitable and routine. In practice, the regulating statute is made subordinate and consequently patient safety can be threatened. The organisation of health and social care relies on the delegation arrangement to meet the needs of a growing number of older home-care recipients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This is a crucial task which management within both the healthcare professions and municipal social care needs to address, to bridge the gap between statutes and practice, to create arenas for mutual collaboration in the care recipients' best interest and to ensure patient safety.

O papel dos municípios na segurança pública: relações entre CONSEG e administração municipal (1985-2008)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP): o resgate de sua implantação na rede municipal de ensino de Londrina

The aim of this paper is to present a historical review of the implementation process of the political pedagogical project (PPP) of Londrina (PR). The study used interviews with some agents who participated in the construction of the PPP (teachers, school, supervisors and employees of the Regional Education Center) and investigated the absorption of proposals from the base (school) for the offices of political power. The results showed that although the democratic discourse has always been present in official documents the construction of the PPP had discrete popular participation and projects, as a rule, incorporated the bureaucratic forms issued by official powers.

A Reappraisal in Sao Paulo, Brazil (2008) of "The Ecology of Medical Care:" The "One Per Thousand's Rule"

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medical ecology is a conceptual framework introduced in 1961 to describe the relationship and utilization of health care services by a given population. We applied this conception to individuals enrolled in a private health maintenance organization (HMO) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of describing the utilization of primary health care, verifying the frequency of various symptoms, and identifying the roles of different health care sources. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional telephone survey among a random sample of people enrolled in a private HMO. We interviewed a random sample of non-pregnant adults over age 18 using 10 questions about symptoms and health care use during the month prior to interview. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 1,065 participants (mean age 68 years, 68% female). From this sample, 424 (39.8%) reported the presence of symptoms, 311 (29.2%) had a medical office consult, 104 (9.8%) went directly to an emergency medical department, 63 (5.9%) were hospitalized, 22 (2.1%) used complementary medicine resources, seven (0.7%) were referred to home care, and one (0.1%) was admitted to an academic hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of study participants referred to an academic care center was similar to that observed in previous "medical ecology" studies in different populations.

Regionalist Protest through Shared Rule? Peripherality and the Use of Cantonal Initiatives in Switzerland

In this article, we are interested in the extent to which federalism is able to deal with peripheral protest through shared rule channels. Shared rule as a key dimension of federal states has not thus far received adequate academic attention. Empirically, we analyse the use of all cantonal initiatives in Switzerland over the past 25 years as a particular instrument of shared rule, subsequently focusing on two peripheral regions with successful regionalist parties, Ticino and Geneva. We find that regionalist parties contribute towards radicalizing peripheral demands in search of attention from the centre. This leads to the mainstreaming of peripheral demands by pulling other parties along. We conclude that shared rule properly designed gives even the most peripheral regions a voice in national decisions, but that regionalist parties may also use shared rule instruments to mobilize their electorate at home to fight their non-regionalist competitors.

La protección civil municipal: análisis de los distintos tipos de gestión y propuesta metodológica de planificación

Mediante la elaboración de esta tesis doctoral se pretende diseñar un sistema para la realización del plan de autoprotección en industrias con riesgo de incendio dentro de un polígono industrial. Para desarrollar esta línea de investigación se realizará una investigación cartográfica así como un reconocimiento visual de las distintas empresas industriales, de actividades heterogéneas, seleccionadas por su emplazamiento y condiciones. Este tipo de industria es esencial en el sistema económico nacional, ya que dota de recursos y servicios al tejido social, además de tener una relación directa con la generación de riqueza y por tanto incide de forma positiva en el empleo de cualquier región. Estas razones y otras son determinantes para fomentar el progreso, si bien nunca a expensas de la seguridad de los empleados que hacen posible la línea de producción así como de los posibles viandantes que transcurran por la zona de impacto en caso de incidentes como por ejemplo un incendio que afecte a cualquiera de los locales y/o empresas que se emplazen en los denominados polígonos industriales. La tesis incluye trabajos experimentales de los que se extraen recomendaciones y conclusiones encaminadas a la optimización de la instrumentalización utilizada, las técnicas de observación, diseño y cálculo necesarias que determinarán el acercamiento al método propuesto para nuestra valoración del riesgo por incendio. Las posibles emergencias que pueden darse a nivel de industrias localizadas en polígonos industriales son diversas y numerosas. De todas ellas se elige abordar el caso de “incendio” por su casuística más numerosa. No obstante, la planificación orientada desde el prisma de la investigación de esta tesis puede estenderse a cualquier otro riesgo, lo que se aportará como líneas futuras de investigación. Las aproximaciones y etapas de los trabajos que forman parte de esta investigación se han integrado en cada capítulo y son las siguientes: En primer lugar un capítulo de Introducción, en el que se realiza una reflexión justificada de la elección del tema tratado, se formula la hipótesis de partida y se enumeran los distintos objetivos que se pretenden alcanzar. En el segundo capítulo, titulado Aspectos de la Protección Civil en la Constitución Española de 1978, se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la Constitución en todo lo relacionado con el ámbito de la protección, haciendo especial énfasis en las distintas competencias según el tipo de administración que corresponda en cada caso, así como las obligaciones y deberes que corresponden a los ciudadanos en caso de catástrofe. Así mismo se analizan especialmente los casos de Guerra y el estado de Alarma. En el tercer capítulo, titulado Repuesta de las administraciones públicas ante emergencias colectivas, se trata de formular el adecuado sistema de repuesta que sería preciso para tratar de mitigar desastres y catástrofes. Se analizan los distintos sistemas de gestión de emergencias constatando en cada caso los pros y los contras de cada uno. Se pretende con ello servir de ayuda en la toma de decisiones de manera coherente y racional. El capítulo cuarto, denominado Planes Locales de emergencia. Estudio en las distintas administraciones, se ha pormenorizado en la presentación así como puesta en funcionamiento de los planes, comparando los datos obtenidos entre ellos para concluir en un punto informativo que nos lleva a la realidad de la planificación. Para la realización y desarrollo de los capítulos 5 y 6, llamados Análisis de la Norma Básica de Autoprotección y Métodos de evaluación del riesgo de Incendio, se estudia la normativa actual en autoprotección prestando atención a los antecedentes históricos así como a todas las figuras que intervienen en la misma. Se analizan los distintos métodos actuales para la valoración del riesgo por incendio en industrias. Este aspecto es de carácter imprescindible en la protección civil de los ciudadanos pero también es de especial importancia en las compañías aseguradoras. En el capítulo 7, Propuesta metodológica, se propone y justifica la necesidad de establecer una metodología de estudio para estos casos de riesgo por incendio en industrias para así, acortar el tiempo de respuesta de los servicios de emergencia hasta la zona, así como dotar de información imprescindible sobre el riesgo a trabajadores y transeúntes. El último capítulo se refiere a las Conclusiones, donde se establecen y enuncian una serie de conclusiones y resultados como consecuencia de la investigación desarrollada, para finalizar esta tesis doctoral enunciando posibles desarrollos y líneas de investigación futuros. ABSTRACT The development of this thesis is to design a system for the implementation of the plan of self-protection in industries with risk of fire in an industrial park. To develop this line of research will be done cartographic research as well as visual recognition of the distinct and heterogeneous industrial companies selected by its location and conditions. This type of industry is an essential part in the economic national system providing economic resources to society as well as with a direct relationship in unemployment. For this reason it is crucial to promote their progress, but never at the expense of the security of the employees that make the line of production as well as possible walkers that pass by the area of impact in the event of a fire affecting the company. The thesis includes experimental works which are extracted recommendations and conclusions aimed at optimization of used exploit, techniques of observation, design and calculation needed to determine the approach to the method proposed for our assessment of the risk from fire. The approaches and stages of works that are part of this research have been integrated into each chapter and are as follows: In the first chapter, holder introduction, perform a supporting reflection of the choice of the subject matter, is formulated the hypothesis of departure and listed the different objectives that are intended to achieve. In the second chapter, holder aspects of Civil Protection in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, examines an exhaustive study of the Constitution in everything related to the scope of protection. With an emphasis on individual skills according to the type of management with corresponding in each case, as well as the obligations and duties which correspond to citizens in the event of a catastrophe. Also analyzes the particular cases of war and the State of alarm. In the third chapter, holder public administrations collective emergency response, discussed trafficking in defining the proper system response that would be precise to address disasters and catastrophes. We discusses the different systems of emergency management in each case, we pretend the pros and cons of each. We tried that this serve as decision-making aid coherent and rational way. The fourth chapter is holder Local Emergency Plans (LEP). Study on the different administrations, has detailed in the presentation as well as operation of the LEP, comparing the data between them to conclude in an information point that leads us to the reality of planning. For the realization and development of chapters 5 and 6, holder Analysis of the basic rule of self-protection and fire risk assessment methods, paying attention to the historical background as well as all the figures involved in the same studies with the current rules of self-protection. The current methods for the estimation of the risk are analyzed by fire in industries. This aspect is essential in the civil protection of the citizens, but it is also of special importance for insurance companies. The seventh chapter, holder Methodological proposal, we propose and justifies the need to establish a methodology for these cases of risk by fire in industries. That shorts the response time of emergency services to the area, and provides essential information about the risk to workers and walkers. The last chapter refers to the Conclusions, laying down a series of results as a consequence of the previous chapters to complete billing possible developments and research future.

The European Council’s Guidelines for the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 2020: Subverting the ‘Lisbonisation’ of Justice and Home Affairs? CEPS Essay No. 13, 14 July 2014

In its Conclusions of 26-27 June 2014, the European Council has adopted the new “Strategic Guidelines for Legislative and Operational Planning for the coming years within the EU’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ)”. These Guidelines reveal a pre-Lisbon Treaty mindset among the EU member states and the Justice and Home Affairs Council. This essay argues that the Guidelines are mainly driven by the interests and agendas of national Ministries of Interior and Justice and are only “strategic” to the extent that they aim at first, re-injecting ‘intergovernmentalism’ or bringing back the old EU Third Pillar ways of working to the new EU institutional setting of the AFSJ and second, at sidelining the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and rule of law in the AFSJ. The paper argues that the European Council Guidelines seek to prevent the advances in Justice and Home Affairs cooperation as envisaged in the Treaty of Lisbon, particularly its emphasis on supranational democratic, legal and judicial accountability. As a consequence of this move to ‘de-Lisbonise’ JHA cooperation, fundamental rights and rule of law-related initiatives will be neglected and the interest of the individual will be displaced from the centre of gravity in the coming AFSJ 2020 policy agenda.