Dinâmica da institucionalização de idosos em Belo Horizonte, Brasil

OBJETIVO: O processo de envelhecimento populacional brasileiro tem sido acompanhado por transformações epidemiológicas e sociais que, em outros países, aumentaram a demanda por instituições de longa permanência. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se estudo sobre dinâmica da institucionalização de idosos através da análise da oferta de leitos e características demográficas dos residentes em asilos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado levantamento dos asilos de idosos do Município de Belo Horizonte, MG. Foram registradas datas de nascimento e admissão de 1.128 residentes de 33 dos 40 asilos em funcionamento no município. A lotação foi calculada através da capacidade informada e da taxa de institucionalização, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). RESULTADOS: As taxas de institucionalização de idosos (65+) do município foram 0,9% (mulheres) e 0,3% (homens). A lotação mediana dos asilos era de 92%. Dentre os 1.128 residentes arrolados (92,5% do total), as mulheres (81%) apresentavam maiores médias de idade (76,4 x 70,4 anos; p=0,00) e estada (5,6 x 4,5 anos; p=0,01). DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÕES: Elevada lotação, listas de espera nos asilos filantrópicos (85% do total) e rígidos critérios para admissão (metade recusava idosos demenciados ou dependentes) sugerem que a baixa taxa de institucionalização se deve à escassez de vagas. A predominância de idosas reflete a prevalência de viúvas ou separadas na comunidade (66% contra 76% de homens casados). A proporção de homens adultos (31% < 65 anos) sugere dificuldade de se auto-sustentarem após a viuvez. Elevada taxa de mortalidade (24% durante 20 meses de acompanhamento de amostra aleatória de 263 residentes), incompatível com o rigor dos critérios de admissão, determina a baixa mediana de estada (3 anos). Os dados refletem o anacronismo de um sistema não direcionado à manutenção dos idosos em seus próprios domicílios.

Idosos asilados em hospitais gerais

Instituições de longa permanência para idosos interagem periodicamente com hospitais gerais para internações de casos agudos ou dos que necessitam de métodos diagnósticos complexos e da atenção de várias especialidades simultaneamente. A decisão de indicar hospitalização é multifatorial, sendo influenciada por circunstâncias como a gravidade do quadro clínico e a infra-estrutura das instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Internações hospitalares apresentam benefícios e riscos, como o desenvolvimento de iatrogenias, delirium e declínios funcionais, podendo resultar em piora do estado geral e da qualidade de vida do idoso asilado durante e/ou após a hospitalização. O objetivo do estudo foi abordar aspectos peculiares na avaliação, tratamento e manejo de idosos asilados em internações hospitalares, particularmente quanto a cuidados que os auxiliem efetivamente nessas circunstâncias. Discutiram-se situações freqüentes como delirium, iatrogenias, desnutrição, declínio funcional e cuidados paliativos e características próprias de residentes em instituições para idosos durante internações em hospitais gerais.

Indicadores da institucionalização de idosos: estudo de casos e controles

OBJETIVO: Identificar indicadores da institucionalização de idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de casos e controles com 991 idosos em Pelotas, RS, de 2007 a 2008. Os casos (idosos institucionalizados; n = 393) foram detectados por meio de um censo em todas as instituições de longa permanência para idosos da cidade. Os controles populacionais (n = 598) foram selecionados de forma aleatória, por meio de um amplo inquérito de saúde. Na comparação dos grupos, foram empregados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e tendência linear na análise bruta e o modelo de regressão logística binária na análise ajustada, com medidas de efeito expressas em odds ratio. RESULTADOS: A institucionalização foi mais freqüente no sexo feminino (OR = 1,96; IC95% 1,31;2,95). Idosos com idade avançada (OR = 3,23 e OR = 9,56 para faixas etárias de 70-79 e > 80 anos, respectivamente), que viviam sem companheiro (solteiros, separados e viúvos), não possuíam escolaridade formal e apresentavam incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas da vida diária apresentaram maior probabilidade de institucionalização. Observou-se tendência inversa entre a ocorrência de institucionalização do idoso e o nível de atividade física, em que sujeitos pouco ativos e inativos apresentaram maiores probabilidades de institucionalização (OR = 1,71 e OR = 4,73, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Dentre todas as características investigadas nos idosos, idade > 80 anos, viver sem companheiro e ser fisicamente inativo foram os indicadores mais fortemente associados à ocorrência de institucionalização. O incentivo ao cuidado informal, a partir de ações educativas e culturais focadas no papel da família para o idoso, pode impedir a institucionalização desses indivíduos.

Prevalência e fatores associados à depressão entre idosos institucionalizados: subsídio ao cuidado de enfermagem

Este estudo teve como objetivo a verificação de depressão entre idosos institucionalizados. Empregou-se o método transversal utilizando-se a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage em cinco instituições de longa permanência do Distrito Federal para verificar sintomas de depressão. Foram estudados ao todo 299 indivíduos. Destes, 181 não atenderam os critérios de inclusão e 16 se recusaram a participar do estudo. Dos 102 idosos com condições de participar do estudo, 49,0% apresentavam depressão. Destes, 36,3% com depressão leve a moderada e 12,7% com depressão severa. Verificou-se associações entre sintomas de depressão e aumento da idade, sexo feminino, limitação/dependência e insatisfação com a instituição. Houve ainda associação significativa entre depressão e insônia, taquicardia, parestesia, tontura e suor excessivo. A depressão é altamente prevalente entre idosos institucionalizados, é mais comum entre as mulheres, e relaciona-se a uma série de sinais e sintomas que podem auxiliar em um diagnóstico precoce, subsidiando uma assistência de enfermagem mais efetiva.

Sintomatologia depressiva e avaliação de níveis de TNFα IL-2 em indivíduos idosos e com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of depressive symptomatology among elderly residents in long-stay institutions (LSI) and in the community of Recife, Brazil. In total, 81 long-stay elderly patients (mean age of 75.55 ± 9.18 years) and 132 elderly (mean age of 73.14 ± 8.27 years) individuals from the community were evaluated. Depressive symptomatology was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), cognitive status by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and capacity to perform the activities of daily living (ADL) by the Katz Index. Comorbities and the use of medication were recorded. The LSI elderly exhibited more depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and more dependency (p< 0.001). We observed no differences in MMSE (p = 0.058). The elderly in the community displayed more comorbidities and the LSI elderly consumed more medication (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). According to multivariate analysis (logistic regression), being male, having no spouse and having a low schooling level are risk factors for depressive symptoms. In conclusion, most elderly with depressive symptoms received no medication fordepression.

Saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados no Brasil

O propósito dessa investigação foi o de estudar as situações objetivas e de auto-percepção em saúde bucal de idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPIS) distribuídos em 11 municípios pertencentes as 5 regiões geográficas do Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo seccional através de um censo com idosos institucionalizados no Brasil. Foram avaliados 1192 indivíduos, residentes em 36 Instituições de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPIS), distribuídas em 11 municípios. Deste universo, 587 (49,2%) responderam ao GOHAI. Foi aplicado questionário com questões subjetivas e sobre o comportamento em saúde bucal, além de levantamento epidemiológico seguindo critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram realizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado e Regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: A idade média foi de 74,98 (+ 9,5). Destes, 51,4% (302) eram do sexo masculino e 152 (25,9) apresentavam alguma dependência. A média do CPOD foi de 28,8 (+ 5,5) e 54,5% (320) dos idosos eram edêntulos. Constatouse que 54,2% (318) e 74,1% (435) não usam nenhum tipo de prótese superior e inferior, respectivamente. O CPI e PIP mostraram que 64,4% (378) apresentaram todos os sextantes excluídos. O GOHAI mostrou que 75% (440) dos indivíduos apresentava auto-percepção positiva em saúde bucal. As variáveis última visita ao dentista (RP ajust=4,058; IC=1,526-10,789), presença de problemas gengivais (RP ajust=5,703; IC=1,754-18,544) e opinião sobre os dentes, as gengivas ou prótese (RP ajust=19,514; IC=5,075-75,041) permaneceram significativas no modelo após regressão logística múltipla. Conclusões: Observou-se predomínio da auto-percepção positiva em saúde bucal em detrimento das precárias condições bucais. Assim, para a população institucionalizada, o presente estudo recomenda a aplicação de levantamentos epidemiológicos e de auto-percepção para assegurar adequado planejamento nas ações de saúde bucal

Tecnologia para banho no leito de idosos e usuários acamados: uma contribuição para o cuidar humanizado

This study aimed to validate the technology at Bed Bath System, in view of bedridden elderly and their caregivers, with a view to transforming the conventional paradigm regarding the practice of bodily hygiene held in bath chairs adapted in long-stay institutions for the elderly. This is an experimental study involving 51 (fifty one) elderly and 17 (seventeen) caregivers of three long-stay institutions for the elderly of the city of João Pessoa. For data collection, applied initially to cognitive assessment scale Mini Mental State Examination, with the aim of tracking the subject group of elderly cognitively able to participate in the study. In the second phase, to measure the percentage of agreement and disagreement about the attributes of the subjects of the shower chair and adapted the system for bed bath, used a questionnaire with closed questions, Likert scale model of four (4) points, with a good reliability index (0.728), estimated by alpha conbrach, evidenced by the Wilcoxon test a significant difference (P<0.05) between the responses of seniors and caregivers about the attributes involving technology system in bath bed and bath chair adapted, confirming the perspective of the subjects that the two systems differ significantly. However, the system bed bath got greater degree of agreement for their use, characterizing this system is a technology that makes the differential bed bath pleasurable action, quality and humanized

Uma análise sociodemográfica dos cuidadores formais de idosos institucionalizados no município de Natal/RN, 2012

The aging population and individual have been the subject of a multitude of studies nowadays. This is probably due to the impact of this phenomenon in various sectors of society, like social security, social assistance and public health. The process of aging of the individual imply the demand for specific services, considering the limitations and vulnerabilities of the individual at that stage of life cycle. The growth of the elderly contingent in the last decades raises challenges for policymakers, the family and also for the society at large. In this scenario, long-stay institutions for the elderly (LSIEs) appear as an option to aid and support the elderly and their family, assisting in all or part in the activities of daily living and self-care. Inside these LSIEs we find the professional responsible for the direct care of the elderly, the formal caregiver. In this context, this dissertation presents two main objectives: an analysis of the phenomenon of population aging in a given brazilian municipality Natal / RN, based on the Demographic Censuses of 2000 e 2010; and a social, demographic and economic characterization of the Formal caregiver for the institutionalized elderly in the municipality, evaluating aspects of his quality of life and also analyzing the institutions where they are inserted. Furthermore, we intend to identify demographic, socioeconomic and quality of life factors that are correlated with caregivers quitting the job. The data used in the second part of this work comes from the research project named Long-Stay Institutions for Elderly: abandonment or a family need? . This survey interviewed 92 caregivers in eleven LSIEs in Natal/RN. In the data treatment logistic regressions, cluster analysis and statistical tests were used. The survey revealed that aging in Natal is more pronounced in the older, more traditional districts: Petrópolis, Lagoa Seca and Tirol. It also allowed a broad characterization of the formal caregivers in LSIEs. Most of these professionals are female. The educational level is predominantly complete high school and more. Most caregivers reported being married or in union, or have ever been in a union. Family monthly income is under three times the minimum wage. The mean age is of 37.4 years. The mean time of work as a caregiver was 5.93 years. The associations showed that being woman, not being single, having caregiving training and physical limitations (regarding quality of life) are related to wanting to quit the caregiving job. As for the characterization of the LSIEs, it was found that the philanthropic ones are older and have most (62.5%) of the institutionalized elderly. The institutions managers gave social interaction and affinity with the elderly as the main criteria with which to evaluate and hire caregivers. It is intended with this study to contribute to improving the quality of life of the elderly and their caregiver, providing information on aspects of institutionalization of elderly both in the philanthropic and particular institutions, in Natal/RN; this dissertation may also be used as a starting point for later works

Envelhecimento populacional: um diagnóstico dos idosos institucionalizados, em Natal/RN

The aging process lived by the Brazilian population concurred to the transformation in the family models, causing difficulties related to the elderly care on the Family environment, a fact that is one of the main reasons for their institutionalization. Facing this scenario, the need of investigating how the elderly lives on the long-term facilities (ILPI) has aroused. In this study, it has been conducted an analysis of the populational aging process, contrasting the Rio Grande do Norte to Brazil and the Northeast Region, between 1980 to 2010. Faced with the realization of this process, and the rising number of long-term facilities for the elderly (ILPI), it was needed to make a rescue of the abiding laws regarding elderly institutionalization, on the scope of Natal, which surged after the 1988 Federal Constitution, checking what were the impacts on the assistance of the institutionalized elderly. Lastly, it were investigated the possible determinants associated with the institutionalization, in Natal-RN, considering the aspects of the family structure, family relationship, economic, health and well being of the elderly. The results showed that Rio Grande do Norte, particularly Natal, follows the national scene, since between 1980 and 2000 its population passed the intermediate level in the process of population aging for, in 2010, to be considered elderly. Throughout this process, it was observed that Natal has been adapting to the federal legislation, through the creation of the municipal policy, City Council and other relevant standards for the elderly, promoting significant changes in ILPI.However, philanthropic institutions needs better resources for their maintenance. In research with the elderly, it was found that although the majority of the elderly have declared themselves satisfied with life, they had indicators of impairment of functional capacity and cognitive, isolated social behavior and depression, affecting the life quality of these elderly. These results reflect the need for greater investment of public power in the drafting, implementation and monitoring of public policies aimed at promoting changes that raise the level of life quality of this segment of the population

Correlação entre os parâmetros do cortisol salivar e o fenótipo de fragilidade em idosos institucionalizados

Introduction: The Frailty Syndrome is characterized by the decrease of energy reserve and the reduced resistance to stressors. Studies indicate that the neuroendocrine markers can be related to the appearance of this syndrome. The main endocrine answer to stress is the increase of cortisol levels. Objective: To analyze the correlation between the frailty syndrome the salivary cortisol in elderly residing in nursing homes. Method: A traversal study was accomplished, in João Pessoa city, PB, with a sample composed by 69 institutionalized elderly. The collected data refer to the frailty phenotype (weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, weakness, and lower level of physical activity) and to salivary cortisol parameters (first measure - 6-7h; second measure - 11-12h; third measure - 16-17h). In the statistical analysis the Pearson s correlation test was used, Chi square Test and Anova and Simple Linear Regression analyses. Results: The sample was composed by 37.7% of men and 62.3% of women, with age average of 77.52 (±7.82). There was a percentile of 45.8% frail elderly. The frail elderly obtained higher cortisol values in the third measure (p=0.04) and the frailty load was significantly associated to the first measure (r=0.25, p=0.04). The simple linear regression analysis presented a determination rate (R2=0.05) between frailty load and first cortisol measure. Conclusion: The largest cortisol values in the morning and before sleeping among the frail elderly supply indications that can have a relationship of cortisol increase levels and the frailty presence in elderly from nursing homes.

Tontura em idosos institucionalizados da cidade do NATAL/RN: Um estudo caso-controle em vestibulopatas e não-vestibulopatas

the institutionalized elderly presents for being more fragile a lot of body balance s changes, which can induce falls and health frailty. One of the consequences of it is the appearance of dizziness, vestibular or not. This study aims to identify the risk factors related to dizziness in institutionalized elderly, with and without vestibular disorders, in the city of Natal-RN. Method: a case-control study realized in 12 regulated by Health Surveillance Long Term Care Institutions for the elderly in Natal-RN. Elected seniors with good cognitive level and able to walk, totaling 115 individuals, and of these, 102 were selected according to the presence of dizziness in the last year (n = 51) and their controls (n = 51), paired by sex and age. The 51 elderly patients with dizziness were divided into 3 groups case: case one, for elderly with dizziness and without vestibulopathy (n=38); case two, for elderly with dizziness and vestibulopathy (n=13) and case three, for all the seniors with dizziness, or added to the case 1 case 2 (n=51). The 51 seniors who served as controls were also divided into three groups, according to the number of individuals of each case: control 1, n = 38, control 2, n = 13 control and 3 (sum of 1 control with control 2), n = 51. As possible risk factors were analyzed variables related to characteristics of the institution, to the habits of life of older people and those concerned with the health of the elderly. For statistical analysis, we used the chi-square or Fisher exact test for a significance level of 5% and calculating the association magnitude between variables by measuring the Odds Ratio. Results: as risk factors for dizziness without vestibular disorders were found the presence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as the presence of three or more disorders for elderly and use of gastric protector drugs. For the elderly group from case two were found no associated risk factor. For elderly patients with dizziness in the case group three, we observed the same risk factors found for the elderly in the case group one, plus the presence of osteoarthritis pathology, which was also significant for this group. Conclusion: dizziness in institutionalized elderly is associated with systemic common diseases in this age group and the vestibulopathy presents itself as pathology on an isolated way, not being possible, with our data, associate it with non-risk factors

Prevalência de incontinência urinária e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a geriatric syndrome that is especially prevalent in institutionalized individuals, and that causes economic and social impacts derived from treatment costs and overload of caregiver. UI also entails physical consequences to the health of the elderly, such as urinary tract infections or pressure ulcers, among other health problems. However, the existing national research on this condition is still scarce and comprises serious methodological biases. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated factors in institutionalized elderly. A cross-sectional study is presented herein, conducted between October and December, 2013 and carried out in 10 nursing homes in the city of Natal (Northeast Brazil). UI was verified through the program Minimum Data Set version 3.0, which was also used to assess fecal incontinence, urinary devices and UI control programs. Data collection included sociodemographic information, UI characterization, as well as variables related to the institution itself and to health conditions (comorbidities, medication, pelvic floor surgery, Barthel Index for functional capacity and Pfeiffer test for cognitive status). Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square Test (or Fisher‟s Exact Test) and the Linear Chi-Square Test, calculating the prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval. Variables with p value under 0.20 were included in the multivariate analysis, which was performed using the Stepwise Forward logistic regression. The inclusion of variables in the final model depended on the likelihood ratio test, absence of multicollinearity and on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. Six (1.8%) hospitalized elderly, one individual in palliative care (0.3%) and one (0.3%) individual under the age of 60 were excluded from the study. The final sample consisted of 321 elderly, mostly females, with a mean age of 81.5 years. The prevalence of UI was 59.43% and the final model revealed statistically a significant association between UI and white race, physical inactivity, stroke, mobility constraints and cognitive decline. The most frequent UI type was functional UI due to physical or cognitive disability, and incontinence control measures were applied only to a minority of residents (approximately 8%). It is concluded that UI is a health issue that affects more than half of the institutionalized elderly, and is associated with white race, physical inactivity, stroke and other geriatric syndromes such as immobility and cognitive disability. Most of these associated factors are modifiable and therefore the findings of this study highlight the importance of UI prevention and treatment in nursing homes, which include general measures, such as physical and psychosocial activities, and specific measures, such as prompted voiding

Prevalência e fatores associados ao risco e a desnutrição em idosos institucionalizados

One of the most important problems in the elderly is a nutritional deficiency. Several physiological changes and the use of multiple drugs interfere with appetite, food intake and absorption of nutrients, which can lead to the risk and malnutrition in the elderly, especially among institutionalized. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and risk for malnutrition and its associated factors in institutionalized elderly. The same can be characterized by the type individual, observational and cross-sectional. Obtaining the sample was through the records of individuals of long-stay institutions for the elderly in the city of Natal, RN. The elderly were evaluated through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and triceps skinfold (TSF) and each senior or caregiver answered a questionnaire about information like type and dietary restrictions, accessibility to food, use of alcohol and tobacco, practice physical activity and appetite. Variables such as age, gender, education, marital status, time that the elderly living in the institution, the reason for the institutionalization and comorbidities were taken from the records of each senior. The frequency of food consumption of various food groups was assessed from the questionnaire frequency of feeding study Health, Wellbeing and Aging (HWA). Data were presented as means and standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies. To analyze the frequency of consumption, there was a factor analysis with extraction of factors from the principal components analysis with varimax rotation. A bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square and the magnitude of the effect observed by prevalence ratio (95% CI). The Poisson regression assessed the net effect of independent variables on the two outcomes, considering a significance level of 5%. We studied twelve Homes for the Aged totaling 381 seniors eligible for the study. The prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 46.1% (45.9 to 46.2) and malnutrition was 31.4% (31.2 to 31.5). The risk of malnutrition was significantly associated with the presence of urinary incontinence (RP = 1.444, 1.113 to 1.874) was associated with malnutrition and lack of appetite (RP = 1.757, 1.246 to 2.476), the fact that the individuals do not have access to food outside the institution (RP = 0.565, 0.337 to 0.946), low water consumption (RP = 1.646, 1.101 to 2.459) and dementia (PR = 1.537, 1.072 to 2.204). The high prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in the study suggests that we should pay attention to information related to eating habits and the presence of comorbidities, as these can influence the nutritional status of this population

Dança de salão, funções executivas e memória em idosos institucionalizados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo exploratório comparativo do declínio cognitivo senil após estimulação multissensorial e cognitiva em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar, empregando testes neuropsicológicos selecionados, a duração dos efeitos benéficos do programa de estimulação multissensorial e cognitiva realizado em idosos vivendo em instituições de longa permanência ou em comunidade. Os participantes do estudo foram idosos institucionalizados (n=20, 75,1 ± 6,8 anos de idade) e não institucionalizados (n=15, 74,1 ± 3,9 anos de idade), com 65 anos de idade ou mais, sem histórico de traumatismo crânio-encefálico, acidente vascular encefálico ou depressão primária, acuidade visual mínima 20/30 mensurada pelo Teste de Snellen e que participaram regularmente do Programa de Estimulação Multissensorial e Cognitiva. Foram realizadas reavaliações em cinco períodos (2, 4, 6, 8 e 12 meses) após a finalização da intervenção multissensorial e cognitiva. Para isso empregou-se o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM); nomeação de Boston; fluência verbal semântica (FVS) e fonológica (FVF), testes da Bateria Montreal de Avaliação da Comunicação (MAC), Teste de Narrativa “Roubo de Biscoitos” e testes neuropsicológicos selecionados da Bateria Cambridge (CANTAB) incluindo: Triagem Motora (Motor Screening – MOT); Processamento Rápido de Informação Visual (Rapid Visual Information Processing – RVP); Tempo de Reação (Reaction Time - RTI); Aprendizagem Pareada (Paired Associates Learning - PAL); Memória de Trabalho Espacial (Spatial Working Memory - SWM) e Pareamento com Atraso (Delayed matching to sample - DMS). Os resultados apontaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos revelando taxa de declínio cognitivo maior nos idosos institucionalizados. Esses resultados confirmam sugestão anterior de que o ambiente pobre de estímulos somato-motores e cognitivos das instituições de longa permanência aceleram o declínio cognitivo senil. Além disso, a análise das curvas ROC seguido dos cálculos de sensibilidade, especificidade e eficiência para cada teste revelou que os testes da bateria CANTAB para memória e aprendizado espacial pareado assim como para memória espacial de trabalho permitiram a distinção entre os grupos I e NI em todas janelas de reavaliação. Os resultados demonstraram que uma vez cessado o programa de estimulação, se observa em ambos os grupos declínio cognitivo progressivo, com perdas mais precoces e mais intensas nos idosos institucionalizados do que naqueles vivendo em comunidade com suas famílias. Além disso, observou-se que a duração dos efeitos benéficos sobre o desempenho nos testes neuropsicológicos de ambos os grupos é heterogêneo, e que os efeitos de proteção guardam relação estreita com a natureza das oficinas. Por conta disso os escores dos testes de linguagem declinaram mais lentamente. Os resultados reúnem evidências que permitem a recomendação de programas regulares de estimulação somatomotora e cognitiva para idosos institucionalizados com o intuito de promover a redução da taxa de progressão do declínio cognitivo senil.