Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer, staff at the Health Economics Research Unit and the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding This work was supported by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) division.

When group members go against the grain : an ironic interactive effect of group identification and normative content on healthy eating

Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has been funded by a Tandem Grant from the European Health Psychology Society/CREATE, awarded to the first and second author. The funder had no involvement in the study design, collection or analysis of data, writing the report, or the decision to submit this manuscript for publication.

Nutrients can modulate the adiponectin concentrations in apparently healthy young adults

Introduction: Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived peptide, has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects, and improves insulin sensitivity. However, little is known about dietary predictors and their interactions with lifestyle on adiponectin concentrations, in apparently healthy young adults. Objective: To evaluate the associations between plasma concentrations of adiponectin with dietary components and lifestyle in apparently healthy young adults. Methods: Anthropometric and body composition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diet and lifestyle data of 157 healthy young adults, aged 18 and 35, were collected and analyzed. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 12 hours to determine adiponectin concentrations. Dietary and anthropometric indexes were calculated and analyzed. Results: Adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher for women compared to men; and there was an indirect and significant correlation between adiponectin concentrations with BMI. There was a significant association between adiponectin concentrations with the healthy eating index, calories, lipids, proteins, fibers, riboflavin, and phosphorus, among others; and a tendency with carbohydrates and niacin. In multiple linear regression analysis, fiber and riboflavin (r² = 0.0928; p = 0.0013) and carbohydrates and phosphorus were associated with the concentrations of adiponectin. The association with carbohydrates and phosphorus suffered interaction with gender (r²= 0.2400; p < 0.0001), as well as the association with phosphorus also suffered interaction with physical activity (r²= 0.1275; p = 0.0003). Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, in healthy young adults, seem to be modulated by components of diet depending on gender and physical activity.

Avaliação da Ingestão Alimentar de Idosos em Hemodiálise.

O número de pacientes idosos iniciando tratamento dialítico aumentou de maneira importante nas últimas duas décadas. Por esse motivo, é importante conhecer sobre aspectos nutricionais desse segmento de pacientes. Poucos trabalhos até o momento investigaram a ingestão alimentar de pacientes idosos em hemodiálise (HD) com foco na qualidade da dieta. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar o padrão alimentar de idosos em HD, verificar se o dia de tratamento dialítico pode alterar o padrão alimentar, avaliar se o padrão alimentar se associa com marcadores do estado nutricional e averiguar se o padrão alimentar de pacientes idosos em HD difere do de idosos sem doença renal crônica (DRC). Métodos: Este trabalho tem desenho observacional e transversal. Foram avaliados 153 pacientes idosos (> 60 anos) em tratamento crônico de HD (Grupo Estudo: 70,8 7,2 anos) e 47 idosos sem DRC (Grupo Controle: 73,2 7,9 anos). A avaliação do estado nutricional, no Grupo Estudo, foi feita por medidas antropométricas, impedância bioelétrica, força de preensão manual, albumina sérica e avaliação subjetiva global de 7 pontos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado a partir do registro alimentar de 3 dias, sendo 1 dia do final de semana sem diálise (FS), 1 dia da semana com diálise (HD) e 1 dia da semana sem diálise (SHD) para o Grupo Estudo; e 1 dia do final de semana (FS) e um dia da semana (dia 1) para o Grupo Controle. O padrão alimentar foi avaliado pelo índice de qualidade da dieta revisado (IQD-R), com 12 componentes e pontuação máxima de 100 pontos, indicando melhor qualidade da dieta. Para avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, os alimentos foram categorizados em três grupos (in natura, ingredientes de adição e ultraprocessados). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística na pontuação total do IQD-R entre os três dias avaliados no Grupo Estudo. No entanto, observou-se diferença quando avaliado os componentes do IQD-R. Notou-se menor consumo de frutas integrais (2,66 0,18 vs. 3,28 0,18 pontos), vegetais verde-escuros e alaranjados (2,99 0,19 vs. 3,55 0,16 pontos) no dia HD comparado ao dia SHD, respectivamente. Quanto ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, apenas no dia HD a contribuição energética desse grupo alimentar (41,6 17,6%) foi similar à de alimentos in natura (41,7 15,9%), enquanto nos dias FS e SHD a contribuição de alimentos in natura foi maior. Não foram observadas associações clinicamente significantes entre a pontuação total do IQD-R e parâmetros nutricionais no Grupo Estudo. Ao comparar o Grupo Estudo com o Grupo Controle, notou-se que a pontuação total do IQD-R foi menor no Grupo Estudo em todos os três dias avaliados e as maiores diferenças foram encontradas no dia HD. O mesmo se repete quanto à contribuição energética dos alimentos ultraprocessados, que foi maior no dia HD (41,6 17,6%) quando comparado ao dia 1 do Grupo Controle (33,4 15,9%). Essa diferença não foi observada quando o dia 1 do Grupo Controle foi comparado ao dia SHD. Conclusão: Pacientes idosos em HD apresentam pior padrão alimentar no dia HD e pior do que de idosos sem DRC. Fica clara a importância de rever as orientações alimentares voltadas a esse grupo de pacientes, de forma a favorecer um padrão alimentar compatível com uma boa saúde.

Les facteurs ayant une influence négative sur la qualité alimentaire chez les personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté au Québec

Au Canada, la proportion de la population âgée de 65 ans et plus a augmenté depuis 1980. Bien que la dénutrition ne soit pas inévitable avec le vieillissement, certains changements et facteurs physiopathologiques, environnementaux et psycho socio-économiques peuvent entraîner une détérioration des choix alimentaires et donc, de la qualité de vie des aînés [1]. Plusieurs études font le lien entre l’état nutritionnel et la morbidité ainsi qu’avec les capacités fonctionnelles [2]. Ces observations expliquent l'intérêt de la prévention et du traitement de la dénutrition afin d’optimiser la prise alimentaire et un meilleur état de santé de cette population. Objectifs :1) Explorer les barrières individuelles et socio-environnementales, réelles et perçues, qui peuvent mener à la détérioration des choix et de la qualité alimentaires et entraîner une dénutrition chez les personnes âgées vivant à domicile. 2) Examiner la distribution de ces facteurs dans la population à l’étude. 3) Étudier la relation entre ces facteurs afin de dresser un portrait plus éclairé des déterminants négatifs de l’alimentation chez les adultes âgés pour mieux comprendre les barrières à la prise alimentaire saine. Méthodologie : Il s'agit d'une analyse secondaire réalisée à partir des données recueillies auprès des participants (n=1 602), âgés entre 67 et 84 ans,de l’Étude longitudinale québécoise sur la nutrition et le vieillissement réussi (NuAge) débutée en 2003 et dont le suivi était prévu sur cinq ans [3]. Le but principal de NuAge était de déterminer le rôle de la nutrition dans l’accomplissement d’un vieillissement réussi. Les données comprennent des mesures socio-démographiques, nutritionnelles, fonctionnelles, sociales de même que biologiques et médicales. À partir d'un modèle théorique des déterminants de la prise alimentaire chez la population âgée, ces données ont été mises en lien avec la qualité alimentaire. Cette dernière a été déterminée selon l’adaptation canadienne de l’indice d’alimentation saine (C-HEI), calculé à partir des données alimentaires et nutritionnelles obtenues par le questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire administré aux participants au T1, soit à leur entrée dans l'étude. Résultats : Les barrières qui pourraient freiner la qualité alimentaire des femmes incluent un statut affectif fragile et un fonctionnement social limité. Ce qui ressort, comme étant des barrières au C-HEI chez les hommes, est un revenu perçu comme étant insuffisant pour satisfaire les besoins, le port de prothèses dentaires et le fait de manger souvent au restaurant. Étonnamment, le nombre d’attitudes positives relatives à l’alimentation et un score plus élevé de la composante mentale du SF-36 prédisent un C-HEI plus faible. La nature des réponses auto rapportées pourrait expliquer ces résultats. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de mieux comprendre les barrières d’une saine alimentation au sein d’une population bien-portante. Il est souhaité que les résultats contribueront au développement d’interventions efficaces ciblant les personnes âgées pour favoriser un apport nutritionnel et un état de santé optimal.

Association between diet quality and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese postmenopausal women

Résumé Objectifs : Le syndrome métabolique (MetS) est un ensemble de composantes (obésité, résistance à l'insuline, intolérance au glucose, dyslipidémie, hypertension) qui sont associées à une augmentation du risque de diabète de type 2 et de maladies cardiovasculaires. Aux États-Unis, la fréquence du MetS atteint des proportions épidémiques avec une prévalence de 25% de la population. Les études nutritionnelles traditionnelles se sont concentrées sur l’effet d’un nutriment alors que les études plus récentes ont déterminé l’effet global de la qualité alimentaire sur les facteurs de risque. Cependant, peu d'études ont examiné la relation entre la qualité alimentaire et le MetS. Objectif: Déterminer l'association entre la qualité alimentaire et le MetS et ses composantes. Méthodes: La présence du MetS a été déterminée chez 88 femmes post-ménopausées en surpoids ou obèses, selon la définition du National Cholesterol Education Program Adult treatment Panel III alors que la qualité alimentaire a été évaluée selon le Healthy Eating Index (HEI). La sensibilité à l’insuline, la composition corporelle et le métabolisme énergétique ont été mesurés. Résultats: Le HEI corrélait négativement avec la plupart des mesures de masse grasse et du poids mais pas avec la sensibilité à l'insuline, l’hypertension et la plupart des marqueurs lipidiques. Cependant, l’HEI corrélait positivement avec LDL-C/ApoB et négativement avec le métabolisme énergétique. Conclusion: Les résultats démontrent que l’HEI est associé avec les mesures de gras corporel et la grosseur des LDL. Mots clés: Obésité, qualité alimentaire, métabolisme lipidique, syndrome métabolique.

Evaluation des liens entre l’indice de la qualité alimentaire globale C-HEI, des paramètres nutritionnels et anthropométriques et des indicateurs de santé dans la cohorte «NuAge»

Introduction: Plusieurs indices de qualité alimentaire globale ont été élaborés en misant sur la consommation de certains nutriments ou aliments, ou des groupes d’aliments. Les indices de la qualité alimentaire globale sont en mesure d’évaluer de manière intégrée les aspects recherchés d’une bonne alimentation. C’est dans ce cadre que le Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) a été développé pour évaluer le degré auquel les apports alimentaires des individus rencontrent les consignes du guide alimentaire canadien et les Recommandations nutritionnelles canadiennes. Objectif: Evaluer les liens entre l’indice de la qualité alimentaire globale C-HEI calculé à partir de la moyenne de trois rappels alimentaires de 24 heures et des paramètres nutritionnels, anthropométriques et des indicateurs de santé au recrutement (T1) dans l’étude longitudinale québécoise sur la nutrition et le vieillissement réussi (NuAge). Méthodologie: Des analyses bivariées (coefficients de corrélation, tableaux croisés et la statistique khi deux) ont été réalisées afin de déterminer les associations entre le score total C-HEI et certaines variables nutritionnelles, anthropométriques et le nombre de maladies chroniques. Résultats et discussion: Les participants ont rencontré ou dépassé la plupart de leurs apports nutritionnels de référence. Le C-HEI n’a pas été fortement corrélé aux nutriments individuels (rs= 0,14-0,52, p<0,01). Le C-HEI total était significativement associé aux recommandations canadiennes pour l’apport en fibres (rs= 0,51), le % d’énergie provenant des lipides (rs=-0,60) et des acides gras saturés (rs= -0,59), p<0,01. De plus, la suffisance en protéines et en énergie est augmentée lorsqu’on passait du Q1 (plus faible) à Q4 (plus élevé) du C-HEI (p<0,05). De même, les proportions des sujets ayant des mesures anthropométriques associées aux risques accrus pour la santé sont diminuées en passant du Q1 au Q4 (p<0,05), témoignant ainsi des liens entre une alimentation de bonne qualité et la protection des risques de santé associés à l’embonpoint et à l’obésité. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette recherche ont fourni des preuves additionnelles sur le lien entre le score C-HEI et certains paramètres nutritionnels et anthropométriques d’intérêt, et ce, provenant des données alimentaires quantitatives colligées au sein d’une population âgée vivant dans la communauté.

Fat mass-and obesity-associated genotype, dietary intakes and anthropometric measures in European adults: the Food4Me study

The interplay between the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene variants and diet has been implicated in the development of obesity. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate associations between FTO genotype, dietary intakes and anthropometrics among European adults. Participants in the Food4Me randomised controlled trial were genotyped for FTO genotype (rs9939609) and their dietary intakes, and diet quality scores (Healthy Eating Index and PREDIMED-based Mediterranean diet score) were estimated from FFQ. Relationships between FTO genotype, diet and anthropometrics (weight, waist circumference (WC) and BMI) were evaluated at baseline. European adults with the FTO risk genotype had greater WC (AAv. TT: +1·4 cm; P=0·003) and BMI (+0·9 kg/m2; P=0·001) than individuals with no risk alleles. Subjects with the lowest fried food consumption and two copies of the FTO risk variant had on average 1·4 kg/m2 greater BMI (Ptrend=0·028) and 3·1 cm greater WC (Ptrend=0·045) compared with individuals with no copies of the risk allele and with the lowest fried food consumption. However, there was no evidence of interactions between FTO genotype and dietary intakes on BMI and WC, and thus further research is required to confirm or refute these findings.

Dietary Quality and Associated Factors among Factory Workers in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, Brazil

The workplace is a manageable community-based setting for ensuring proper nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate dietary quality and associated factors among adult workers at a cosmetics factory in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This factory was actively participating in the Brazilian Workers` Meal Program, which was created to ensure workers` nutritional health. In this cross-sectional study, data on 202 adult workers were assessed using questionnaires (sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics) administered during August and September 2006. Dietary intake, measured by 24-hour dietary recall, was used to calculate the modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI). A repeated administration of the 24-hour dietary recall was applied in a random subsample to calculate the modified HEI adjusted for the within-person variation in intake. Mean adjusted modified HEI scores were analyzed using multiple linear regression adjusted for energy. The mean adjusted modified HEI score was 72.3 +/- 8.0. The lowest adjusted modified HEI components scores were ""milk and dairy products"" (4.4 +/- 3.2) and ""sodium"" (3.7 +/- 3.1). Two percent of workers had ""poor diet"" (adjusted modified HEI score <51 points) and the majority (87%) had ""diet that needs modification"" (adjusted modified HEI score between 51 and 80), despite their participation in the meal program. Adjusted modified HEI scores were considerably higher for men (74.7 +/- 7.0) than for women (66.9 +/- 8.2) and for normal body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) (73.3 +/- 7.8) than for overweight/obese (70.9 +/- 8.1). Based on these results, the vast majority of workers were found to have diets that needed improvement. Individuals with higher-quality diets were more likely to have lower body mass index and to be male. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:786-790.

Diet quality of persons living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Background This study sought to assess the diet quality of individuals living with HIV/AIDS who were receiving antiretroviral therapy in Sao Paulo Brazil,. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 56 HIV-infected adults. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected, and diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), modified for Brazilians, which included ten components: adequacy of intake of six different food groups, total fat, cholesterol, dietary fibre and dietary variety. Results Among the individuals assessed, 64.3% of the participants had a diet needing improvement, while 8.7% had a poor diet. The overall HEI score was 68.3 points (SD = 14.9). Mean scores were low for fruits, vegetables, dairy products and dietary fibre; and high for meats and eggs, total fat and cholesterol. The overall HEI score was higher among individuals who were not overweight (P = 0.003), who were also more likely to achieve dietary goals for dairy products (P = 0.039) and grains (P = 0.005). Conclusion Most of these adults living with HIV/AIDS had diets that required improvement, and being overweight was associated with poorer diet quality. Nutritional interventions aimed at maintaining healthy body weight and diet should be taken into account in caring for HIV-infected people.

A variedade da dieta é fator protetor para a pressão arterial sistólica elevada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ten-week lifestyle changing program reduces several indicators for metabolic syndrome in overweight adults

We aim to investigate the effectiveness of a 10-week lifestyle intervention focusing on physical activity and high fiber intake for reducing indicators for metabolic syndrome in overweight-obese individuals. A prospective study of 50 overweight (OW) adults (22 in the general educational group - G1; 28 in the high fiber nutrition group - G2) was performed. Both groups were offered dietary counseling and supervised exercise. Clinical, anthropometric, dietary and plasma biochemical tests were performed at baseline - time 0 (T0) and after 10 weeks - time 1 (T1). Both groups improved their dietary quality, but only G2 presented higher intake of fruit and vegetables (servings/day), higher plasma beta-carotene levels and a 24% reduction of MetS incidence. Additionally G2 showed greater reductions in body fat (4%), and waist circumference (7%), obesity class III (2%) and obesity class II (14%) rate. Lifestyle intervention, including a high dietary fiber intake, improved healthy eating index and decreased body fat composition and plasma lipid concentrations leading to MetS incidence reduction.

Adaptação do índice de alimentação saudável ao guia alimentar da população brasileira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fatores associados à qualidade da dieta de adultos residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, 2002

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da alimentação de idosos de município paulista: aplicação do Índice de Alimentação Saudável

OBJETIVO: avaliar a qualidade da dieta da população idosa do município de Avaré (SP) através do Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS) MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal de base populacional realizado por meio de entrevista domiciliar. A amostra constou de 73 indivíduos, sorteados aleatoriamente dos idosos integrados ao Sistema Público de Saúde do Município. O consumo alimentar foi medido por meio de 3 Recordatórios de 24 horas. Para avaliação, foi aplicado o IAS adaptado para a população brasileira. Parte-se do princípio que o presente estudo constitui o primeiro no Brasil a aplicar o IAS utilizando 3 inquéritos do tipo recordatório de 24 horas em população idosa. Optou-se por esta metodologia, pois como descrito na literatura, um único dia não representa a ingestão habitual de um indivíduo devido à elevada variabilidade intrapessoal do consumo. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 32,9% de idosos com uma dieta de má qualidade; 60,3% necessitando de melhorias e 6,8% com uma dieta de boa qualidade. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que os idosos estudados precisam de melhorias na alimentação, o que ressalta a importância de política de incentivo voltado à alimentação saudável na terceira idade.