La construcción social de productos agroalimentarios típicos en procesos de desarrollo territorial local : Disputas entre saberes teóricos y saberes prácticos

Nuestro trabajo parte de proyectos de Extensión Universitaria en el territorio costero de Berisso, a 15 km. de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de La Plata. La finalidad del proceso de intervención fue mejorar las condiciones socio-económicas de productores familiares en un contexto de recuperación de oficios, prácticas y saberes. El camino iniciado de revalorización de los oficios de viticultor y vitivinicultor, durante los últimos doce años, ha dado como resultado un incipiente resurgimiento de la actividad agroalimentaria en Berisso. Nacen así adaptaciones, innovaciones propias de la interacción social y como resultado del propio proceso de intervención. Las propuestas que se plasmaron en proyectos compartidos por Ciencias Exactas y Agronomía (2006, 2007 y 2010), en los que uno de los ejes trabajados fue la construcción participativa de prácticas en la producción primaria (viñedos y montes de ciruelos) y agroindustrial (vinos, fermentados) permitieron contribuir al mejoramiento y puesta en valor de productos agroalimentarios típicos. En el propio proceso educativo surgen conflictos que presentan obstáculos a la construcción conjunta de saberes, dificultando la incorporación de conocimientos que contribuyen al aseguramiento de la calidad de los productos. Esta construcción conjunta de conocimientos no ha sido armoniosa y ha generado, tanto en los productores como en los técnicos involucrados, un proceso de reflexión acerca de lo que es una "buena práctica agrícola o de manufactura" y lo que no lo es. Así, el debate se inscribe en la valorización de distintos tipos de saberes: los saberes codificados versus los tácitos, que son encarnados por diferentes personas: técnicos y productores respectivamente

La construcción social de productos agroalimentarios típicos en procesos de desarrollo territorial local : Disputas entre saberes teóricos y saberes prácticos

Nuestro trabajo parte de proyectos de Extensión Universitaria en el territorio costero de Berisso, a 15 km. de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de La Plata. La finalidad del proceso de intervención fue mejorar las condiciones socio-económicas de productores familiares en un contexto de recuperación de oficios, prácticas y saberes. El camino iniciado de revalorización de los oficios de viticultor y vitivinicultor, durante los últimos doce años, ha dado como resultado un incipiente resurgimiento de la actividad agroalimentaria en Berisso. Nacen así adaptaciones, innovaciones propias de la interacción social y como resultado del propio proceso de intervención. Las propuestas que se plasmaron en proyectos compartidos por Ciencias Exactas y Agronomía (2006, 2007 y 2010), en los que uno de los ejes trabajados fue la construcción participativa de prácticas en la producción primaria (viñedos y montes de ciruelos) y agroindustrial (vinos, fermentados) permitieron contribuir al mejoramiento y puesta en valor de productos agroalimentarios típicos. En el propio proceso educativo surgen conflictos que presentan obstáculos a la construcción conjunta de saberes, dificultando la incorporación de conocimientos que contribuyen al aseguramiento de la calidad de los productos. Esta construcción conjunta de conocimientos no ha sido armoniosa y ha generado, tanto en los productores como en los técnicos involucrados, un proceso de reflexión acerca de lo que es una "buena práctica agrícola o de manufactura" y lo que no lo es. Así, el debate se inscribe en la valorización de distintos tipos de saberes: los saberes codificados versus los tácitos, que son encarnados por diferentes personas: técnicos y productores respectivamente

Emergence of Asian GAPs and its relationship to global G.A.P.

Global G.A.P. is a one of the most influential private standards in the area of food safety and sustainability. With increasing impacts of Global G.A.P., many Asian countries have introduced the country versions of GAPs; China GAP, Japan GAP, Viet GAP, Thai GAP and ASEAN GAP. Each has been influenced by Global G.A.P. but ways of implementation, implementation bodies as well as focus differ from each other. This paper examines the development and motivation behind how the Asian GAPs have been introduced both from current situation and from historical perspectives. Then we compare current situation of different Asian GAPs.

Developments in the Agricultural and Rural Capital Market of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Factor Markets Working Paper No. 9, October 2011

The undeveloped rural capital market in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is constrained by an urban–rural development gap, with limited capacities for rural development and imperfections in the rural capital market. Among the most striking hindrances are the illegal status of a large share of agricultural buildings and other real estate in rural areas, particularly on the individual family farms that prevail in the country, and the insufficient knowledge and abilities of individual farmers in applying for credit. National, EU and other donor funds are being used to improve knowledge, skills and other human resources, and to address the illegal status of buildings and facilities. In recent years, government support for agricultural, rural and regional development has been introduced to promote good agricultural practices, production and economic activity in rural areas. The elimination of imperfections and improvements to the functioning of the capital market – making access to credit and funds easier, especially for small-scale family farms and for rural development – are seen as measures contributing to agriculture and more balanced rural and regional development.

Avaliação dos principais programas de boas práticas agropecuárias implantados no Brasil para promover a sustentabilidade da cadeia leiteira

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2016.

Implantação e implementação das normas das Boas Práticas Laboratoriais (BPL) no laboratório de análises de resíduos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas

In the context of quality and good laboratory practices, the article recovers some historical data. From a specific Institutional situation (CPQBA/UNICAMP), is presented an experience of establishing and implementing a standard (NIT-DICLA-035) for good laboratory practice according to definitions of the Brazilian authority (INMETRO) responsible for regulating, monitoring, supervising and recognition in this area. The issue aims to focus on studies of pesticide residues in GLP parameters.

Efeitos da cobertura do solo com filme de polietileno azul no consumo de água da cultura da alface cultivada em estufa

The covering of the soil is an agricultural practice that intends to control the harmful herbs, to reduce the losses of water by evaporation of the soil, and to facilitate the harvest and the commercialization, once the product is cleaner and healthier. However, when the soil is covered important microclimatic parameters are also altered, and consequently the germination of seeds, the growth of roots, the absorption of water and nutrients, the metabolic activity of the plants and the carbohydrates storage. The current trial intended to evaluate the effect of soil covering with blue colored film on consumptive water-use in a lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa, L.). The experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in Araras - São Paulo State, Brazil from March 3rd, 2001 to May 5th, 2001. The consumptive water-use was measured through two weighing lysimeter installed inside the greenhouse. Crop spacing was 0.25 m x 0.25 m and the color of the film above soil was blue. Leaf area index (IAF), was measured six times (7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 40 days after transplant) and the water-use efficiency (EU) was measured at the end. The experimental design was subdivided portions with two treatments, bare soil and covered soil. The average consumptive water-use was 4.17 mm day-1 to the bare soil treatment and 3.11 mm day-1 to the covered soil treatment. The final leaf area index was 25.23 to the bare soil treatment and 24.39 to the covered soil treatment, and there was no statistical difference between then.

Adoption of integrated production of peach system in Parana State

The success in the adoption of peach integrated production (IP) was evaluated in small orchards of the Parana State. The importance of specific technical accompaniment; points of strangulating in adoption of technology and the classification of the areas to IP conformity were evaluated. The seasons 2005/2006 (without IP orientation) and 2006/2007 (with IP orientation) were compared considering 20 producers who were oriented monthly to attend the minimum requisites. The incidence of peach rust (Tranzschelia discolor) and of brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) in full bloom was evaluated in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons, as biological parameters to accompany the efficiency of system adoption. After the technical accompaniment in 2007/2008 season, the software APOIA-Novo Rural-PI (APOIA-PI) was applied to measure the conformity to IP in peach orchards. The conformity index of each orchard was compared to the minimum requisite to classify as IP (0.7). The major difficulties in register of field book were: pests monitoring; collect of climate data and the harvest evaluation. The technical accompaniment increased in 60% the conformity in use of field book. In 2007/2008 season, the brown rot incidence increased in some areas, caused by not following IP recommendations. The inadequate management caused the increment in pathogen inoculum, promoting the disease development in peach orchards. The APOIA-PI classified two orchards as good agricultural practices (GAP) (0.7 <= conformity index >= 0.4), two as integrated production (IP) (>= 0.7) and the other orchards had conformity index lower than 0.4.

Clinical trials profile: Professionals and sites

Clinical trial is considered a breakthrough method in medicine and essential to the development of new drugs. Clinical trials that comply with international and national regulations require an appropriate infrastructure and team qualification. The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical trial groups in Brazil: professional qualification, site structure regulatory knowledge and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) adherence. This is a transversal study with investigators (PI) and sub investigator (SI). PI and SI data were initially identified from Curriculum Lattes from National Advice of Scientific and Technological Development. The study participants were submitted to a questionnaire, which was composed of qualitative and quantitative questions. A hundred PI and SI were interviewed. The most representative Brazilian regions were Southeast (68%) and South (18%). The main institutions involved were HCFMUSP complex and UNIFESP among others institutions. Academic graduation is observed in 86% of them and the higher degree is Doctorate (62%). 91% had GCP knowledge although only 74% had formal training. About the team, all of them are multidisciplinary with majority of nurses and pharmaceuticals. 88% had GCP knowledge although only 77% had formal training. 36%, 60% and 44% of clinical trials were in phase II,III and IV. In conclusion, researchers have appropriate skills and knowledge to perform clinical studies however there is still a need for training. The centers where the researchers work, have trained staff and adequate infrastructure for conducting clinical trials phase II,III and IV. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties after sugarcane harvesting

Objective: Biofuel from sugarcane is widely produced in developing countries and is a clean and renewable alternative source of energy. However, sugarcane harvesting is mostly performed after biomass burning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of harvesting after biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and the nasal mucus properties of farm workers. Methods: Twenty seven sugarcane workers (21-45 years old) were evaluated at the end of two successive time-periods: first at the end of a 6-month harvesting period (harvesting), and then at the end of a 3-month period without harvesting (non-harvesting). Nasal mucociliary clearance was evaluated by the saccharine transit test, and mucus properties were analyzed using in vitro mucus contact angle and mucus transportability by sneeze. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, body temperature, associated illness, and exhaled carbon monoxide were registered. Results: Data are presented as mean values (95% confidence interval). The multivariate model analysis adjusted for age, body-mass index, smoking status and years of working with this agricultural practice showed that harvesting yielded prolonged saccharine transit test in 7.83 min (1.88-13.78), increased mucus contact angle in 8.68 degrees (3.18-14.17) and decreased transportability by sneeze in 32.12 mm (-44.83 to -19.42) compared with the non-harvesting period. No significant differences were detected in any of the clinical parameter at either time-period. Conclusion: Sugarcane harvesting after biomass burning negatively affects the first barrier of the respiratory system in farm workers by impairing nasal mucociliary clearance and inducing abnormal mucus properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Prospective, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Exploratory Study

PURPOSE. To assess the safety of transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) and explore its efficacy in various subjective and objective parameters of visual function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS. Twenty-four patients in this prospective, randomized, partially blinded, good-clinical-practice study underwent TES (5-ms biphasic pulses; 20 Hz; DTL electrodes) 30 minutes per week for 6 consecutive weeks. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: sham, 66%, or 150% of individual electrical phosphene threshold (EPT). Visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF; kinetic, static), electroretinography (Ganzfeld, multifocal), dark-adaptation (DA), color discrimination, and EPTs were assessed at all visits or four times, according to the study plan. RESULTS. TES using DTL electrodes was tolerated well; all patients finished the study. Two adverse (foreign body sensation), but no serious adverse events were encountered. There was a tendency for most functional parameters to improve (8/18) or to remain constant (8/18) in the 150% group. VF area and scotopic b-wave amplitude reached statistical significance (P < 0.027 and P < 0.001, respectively). Only desaturated color discrimination and VF mean sensitivity decreased. There was no obvious trend in the 66% group. CONCLUSIONS. TES was found to be safe in RP patients. Positive trends were discovered, but due to the small sample size of this exploratory study, statistical significance was reached only for VF area and scotopic b-wave amplitude. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer duration are needed to confirm the findings and to define optimal stimulation parameters. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00804102.) (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:4485-4496) DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-6932

Increasing profits and reducing risks in crop production using participatory systems simulation approaches

The development of cropping systems simulation capabilities world-wide combined with easy access to powerful computing has resulted in a plethora of agricultural models and consequently, model applications. Nonetheless, the scientific credibility of such applications and their relevance to farming practice is still being questioned. Our objective in this paper is to highlight some of the model applications from which benefits for farmers were or could be obtained via changed agricultural practice or policy. Changed on-farm practice due to the direct contribution of modelling, while keenly sought after, may in some cases be less achievable than a contribution via agricultural policies. This paper is intended to give some guidance for future model applications. It is not a comprehensive review of model applications, nor is it intended to discuss modelling in the context of social science or extension policy. Rather, we take snapshots around the globe to 'take stock' and to demonstrate that well-defined financial and environmental benefits can be obtained on-farm from the use of models. We highlight the importance of 'relevance' and hence the importance of true partnerships between all stakeholders (farmer, scientists, advisers) for the successful development and adoption of simulation approaches. Specifically, we address some key points that are essential for successful model applications such as: (1) issues to be addressed must be neither trivial nor obvious; (2) a modelling approach must reduce complexity rather than proliferate choices in order to aid the decision-making process (3) the cropping systems must be sufficiently flexible to allow management interventions based on insights gained from models. The pro and cons of normative approaches (e.g. decision support software that can reach a wide audience quickly but are often poorly contextualized for any individual client) versus model applications within the context of an individual client's situation will also be discussed. We suggest that a tandem approach is necessary whereby the latter is used in the early stages of model application for confidence building amongst client groups. This paper focuses on five specific regions that differ fundamentally in terms of environment and socio-economic structure and hence in their requirements for successful model applications. Specifically, we will give examples from Australia and South America (high climatic variability, large areas, low input, technologically advanced); Africa (high climatic variability, small areas, low input, subsistence agriculture); India (high climatic variability, small areas, medium level inputs, technologically progressing; and Europe (relatively low climatic variability, small areas, high input, technologically advanced). The contrast between Australia and Europe will further demonstrate how successful model applications are strongly influenced by the policy framework within which producers operate. We suggest that this might eventually lead to better adoption of fully integrated systems approaches and result in the development of resilient farming systems that are in tune with current climatic conditions and are adaptable to biophysical and socioeconomic variability and change. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Melhoria da qualidade na produção biológica de vegetais

Dissertação de Mestrado, Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar, 1 de Outubro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.

Avaliação da necessidade em cal em andossolos da ilha Terceira - Açores

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Agronómica, 16 de Outubro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.

Satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros em unidades de cuidados continuados integrados

A Satisfação no trabalho, definida como reações individuais, cognitivas, afetivas e avaliativas perante o trabalho (Locke, 1983), tem sido amplamente estudada no âmbito das organizações. A sua medição na área da saúde contribui para incrementar um bom ambiente na prática e bem-estar dos profissionais e para aumentar a qualidade dos cuidados. Em 2006 surge um novo contexto de trabalho através da criação da RNCCI, que pretende fazer face ao crescente aumento de população em situação de dependência ou incapacidade, mas também aliviar a sobrecarga e custos associados aos cuidados hospitalares. A reorganização do trabalho nas unidades de cuidados continuados acenta nos princípios da interdisciplinariedade e cooperação entre a equipa, requerendo mudança e adaptação à prática. Sendo os enfermeiros a classe profissional com maior tempo de contacto nos cuidados, importa verificar se estão satisfeitos com a mudança induzida. Assim, este estudo de natureza quantitativa pretende medir e analisar a satisfação profissional ddos enfermeiros que trabalham no serviço de longa duração e manutenção nas unidades de cuidados continuados do distrito de Braga, e verificar se esta variável é influenciada por fatores sociodemográficos e laborais. Para a recolha de dados utiliza-se a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação no Trabalho para Enfermeiros - EASPE© (α=0,814) e um questionário sociodemográfico e profissional. A análise dos dados é efetuada com recurso à estatística descritiva e inferencial com utilização dos testes de Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os enfermeiros apresentam um nível de satisfação global no trabalho positivo, mas negativo nas dimensões satisfação com benefícios e recompensas e satisfação com promoção. Conclui-se, ainda, que a satisfação com promoção é influenciada pelas habilitações literárias, que a satisfação com a comunicação é influenciada pela remuneração, que a satisfação com benefícios e recompensas é influenciada pelo horário semanal e que a unidade de cuidados é determinante na satisfação global no trabalho.