Educação intercultural e educação Soka : pontes de dialógo na intervenção com a comunidade de refugiados

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Educação Intercultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014

Exploring critical-care nurses' perceptions about critical thinking /

The influx of nurses to the critical-care environment is continuous. In many workplaces, the nurses who are new to critical care are also newly graduated nurses. These new critical-care nurses and their critical-care nursing colleagues, who may have worked in critical care for many years, need to demonstrate expert judgment in order to optimize the potential for positive patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore critical-care nurses' perceptions about critical thinking and expert nursing judgment. Using grounded theory research design, I collected data from 1 1 critical-care nurses through focus groups, an interview, and postparticipation questionnaires. I have articulated a Critical-thinking Modelfor Expert Nursing Judgment. The educational model is directly relevant to practicing critical-care nurses and nursing leaders who guide critical-care nursing practice. The Critical-thinking Modelfor Expert Nursing Judgment contributes to educational theory by objectifying the substantive topic of critical thinking and expert judgment. The model has broad applicability within the domain of education and specific applicability within the domain of nursing education.

Transformation in teaching : listening to every voice

Action research is a methodology that supports practitioner research. This study is an exploration of one researcher's practice using the living-theory approach to action research. Initially, my focus was to improve my practice by asking how I can facilitate transformative learning experiences with the teachers with whom I work. As part of this search, I examined the contradictions between my espoused and implicit values. In keeping with the evolving nature of my inquiry, I unveiled the telos that constituted the impetus for my search, which began as a tension about the quality of my interactions and ended as a quest to find my voice among the others'. I used personal narratives, journal entries, a videotaping session, interactions with critical friends and interviews with colleagues and administrators to engage in a process of continuing self- and interactive reflection. Throughout my study, I explored how theoretical concepts intertwine with personal experiences. In the final chapter, I share the possible connections between my living educational theory and a more general theory of transformative learning. I conclude my study with a look at the transformation process I underwent as a result of the study and the new questions I formulated as I began the action research spiral again.

Who expects what from whom? : a gender based study on expectations and secondary school administration

This study is about expectations and aspirations of secondary school teachers. It is an investigation of why some teachers aspire to become administrators and why some teachers do not. My research compares expectations and existing attltudes regarding aspirations toward administration which are held by three distinct groups within the secondary school system: 1) principals/vice-principals, 2) aspiring teachers, and 3) non-aspiring teachers. This study questions why, in the late 60's, secondary school administration is still predominated by men. The conclusions and recommendations were based on interviews with thirty men and women in the Hamilton Secondary School System. In addltion, Mr. Keith Rielly, Superintendent of Operations, made valuable contributions to my work. The interviews revealed experiences and percept ions of men and women in di scourse about f amil y re lat i onshi ps, educational choices and perceived internal and external barriers which inhiblted or enhanced their decision to aspire to secondary school administration. Candidates spoke about their personal and professional Hves wlth respect to encouragement, perceived images of an administrator, netWOrking and the effect of marriage and children on their careers. Historically, women have not accepted the challenge of administration and It would appear as if this is still the case today. My research suggests that women are under-represented in secondary school administration because of internal and external barriers which discourage many women from aspiring. I conclude that many of women's internal barrlers are reinforced by external roadblocks which prevent women from aspiring to secondory school administration. Thus. many women who do not envision a future in educational administration establish priorities outside the general realm of education. I recommend that males and females recognize that women make valuable contributions to educational theory and design based on their experiences which may be "differene from mole experiences. but just as significant. Mole and female representation in secondary school administration represents a balance between attitudes and behaviours which can not be accomplished when an administrative offlce is dominated by on all ma1e or all female staff.

Spreading my wings : how can I improve my practice and contribute to the professional knowledge base through narrative-autobiographical self-study?

"How can I improve my practice and contribute to the professional knowledge base through narrative-autobiographical self-study?" Through the use of Whitehead's (1989) living educational theory and examination of my stories, I identify the values and critical events that have helped me come to know my own learning and shape my professional self. Building on the premise that educational knowledge/theory is created, recreated, and lived through educational inquiry; I strive to make meaning of this data archive, collected over 7 years of teaching. I chart my journey to reexamine my beliefs and practices, to find a balance between traditional and progressive practices and to align my theory and practice. I retell, and, thus, in some way relive, my own "living contradictions." A reconceptualization of the KNOW, DO, BE model (Drake & Burns, 2004) is used to develop strategies to align my practice, including a six-step model of curriculum design that combines the backwards design process of Wiggins and McTighe (1998), the KNOW, DO, BE model (Drake & Burns) and Curry and Samara's (1995) differentiation planner.

Conflicting ideologies in early childhood education : an exploration of Reggio-inspired practice

Within the field of early childhood education, the ideologies of child development and its parent discipline, developmental psychology, dominate both theory and practice. In recent years, educators have attempted to reconceptualise early childhood education by adopting more progressive approaches to teaching and learning. The aim of this present research study was to critically examine the experiences of early childhood educators who have adopted a Reggioinspired approach to educating young children. To explore their experiences, an institutional ethnography was employed involving seven educators from a large child care organization in Hamilton, Ontario. In line with the intent ofthis study, qualitative data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, participant-observations and textual analyses to explore the presence of developmental-psychological ideologies within early childhood education and Reggio-inspired practice. The present study also examined the challenges faced by educators who have adopted a Reggio-inspired approach. The results of this study indicate that ideologies associated with the developmental-psychological paradigm dominate the practice of early childhood educators and that the conflicting ideologies that surround Reggio educators may play a role in some of the challenges educators experience. The findings of this study thus demonstrate a need to adopt alternative approaches toward understanding both children and childhood, in both early childhood educational theory and practice.

L’analyse de composants émotionnels dans des stratégies d’apprentissage

Un certain nombre de théories pédagogiques ont été établies depuis plus de 20 ans. Elles font appel aux réactions de l’apprenant en situation d’apprentissage, mais aucune théorie pédagogique n’a pu décrire complètement un processus d’enseignement en tenant compte de toutes les réactions émotionnelles de l’apprenant. Nous souhaitons intégrer les émotions de l’apprenant dans ces processus d’apprentissage, car elles sont importantes dans les mécanismes d’acquisition de connaissances et dans la mémorisation. Récemment on a vu que le facteur émotionnel est considéré jouer un rôle très important dans les processus cognitifs. Modéliser les réactions émotionnelles d’un apprenant en cours du processus d’apprentissage est une nouveauté pour un Système Tutoriel Intelligent. Pour réaliser notre recherche, nous examinerons les théories pédagogiques qui n’ont pas considéré les émotions de l’apprenant. Jusqu’à maintenant, aucun Système Tutoriel Intelligent destiné à l’enseignement n’a incorporé la notion de facteur émotionnel pour un apprenant humain. Notre premier objectif est d’analyser quelques stratégies pédagogiques et de détecter les composantes émotionnelles qui peuvent y être ou non. Nous cherchons à déterminer dans cette analyse quel type de méthode didactique est utilisé, autrement dit, que fait le tuteur pour prévoir et aider l’apprenant à accomplir sa tâche d’apprentissage dans des conditions optimales. Le deuxième objectif est de proposer l’amélioration de ces méthodes en ajoutant les facteurs émotionnels. On les nommera des « méthodes émotionnelles ». Le dernier objectif vise à expérimenter le modèle d’une théorie pédagogique améliorée en ajoutant les facteurs émotionnels. Dans le cadre de cette recherche nous analyserons un certain nombre de théories pédagogiques, parmi lesquelles les théories de Robert Gagné, Jerome Bruner, Herbert J. Klausmeier et David Merrill, pour chercher à identifier les composantes émotionnelles. Aucune théorie pédagogique n’a mis l’accent sur les émotions au cours du processus d’apprentissage. Ces théories pédagogiques sont développées en tenant compte de plusieurs facteurs externes qui peuvent influencer le processus d’apprentissage. Nous proposons une approche basée sur la prédiction d’émotions qui est liée à de potentielles causes déclenchées par différents facteurs déterminants au cours du processus d’apprentissage. Nous voulons développer une technique qui permette au tuteur de traiter la réaction émotionnelle de l’apprenant à un moment donné au cours de son processus d’apprentissage et de l’inclure dans une méthode pédagogique. Pour atteindre le deuxième objectif de notre recherche, nous utiliserons un module tuteur apprenant basé sur le principe de l’éducation des émotions de l’apprenant, modèle qui vise premièrement sa personnalité et deuxièmement ses connaissances. Si on défini l’apprenant, on peut prédire ses réactions émotionnelles (positives ou négatives) et on peut s’assurer de la bonne disposition de l’apprenant, de sa coopération, sa communication et l’optimisme nécessaires à régler les problèmes émotionnels. Pour atteindre le troisième objectif, nous proposons une technique qui permet au tuteur de résoudre un problème de réaction émotionnelle de l’apprenant à un moment donné du processus d’apprentissage. Nous appliquerons cette technique à une théorie pédagogique. Pour cette première théorie, nous étudierons l’effet produit par certaines stratégies pédagogiques d’un tuteur virtuel au sujet de l’état émotionnel de l’apprenant, et pour ce faire, nous développerons une structure de données en ligne qu’un agent tuteur virtuel peut induire à l’apprenant des émotions positives. Nous analyserons les résultats expérimentaux en utilisant la première théorie et nous les comparerons ensuite avec trois autres théories que nous avons proposées d’étudier. En procédant de la sorte, nous atteindrons le troisième objectif de notre recherche, celui d’expérimenter un modèle d’une théorie pédagogique et de le comparer ensuite avec d’autres théories dans le but de développer ou d’améliorer les méthodes émotionnelles. Nous analyserons les avantages, mais aussi les insuffisances de ces théories par rapport au comportement émotionnel de l’apprenant. En guise de conclusion de cette recherche, nous retiendrons de meilleures théories pédagogiques ou bien nous suggérerons un moyen de les améliorer.

Models of Learning and Motivation

A brief skim through educational theory intended for students registered on a single module in Technology Enhanced Learning. Startes with Blooms taxonomy, travles through instructivism and constructivism and on to theories of motivation/

La insuficiencia de las disposiciones del pensamiento para cubrir la brecha del pensamiento crítico a la acción crítica

En esta tesis se evalúan las disposiciones del pensamiento crítico; se demuestra la circularidad de sus enunciados y, consecuencia de ello, su insuficiencia para cubrir la brecha que va de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico a la acción crítica.

La insuficiencia de las disposiciones del pensamiento para cubrir la brecha entre pensamiento crítico y acción crítica

En este artículo se evalúan las disposiciones del pensamiento crítico; se demuestra la circularidad de sus enunciados y, consecuencia de ello, su insuficiencia para cubrir la brecha que va de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico a la acción crítica.

MOOCs: a systematic study of the published literature 2008-2012

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are a recent addition to the range of online learning options. Since 2008, MOOCs have been run by a variety of public and elite universities, especially in North America. Many academics have taken interest in MOOCs recognising the potential to deliver education around the globe on an unprecedented scale; some of these academics are taking a research-oriented perspective and academic papers describing their research are starting to appear in the traditional media of peer reviewed publications. This paper presents a systematic review of the published MOOC literature (2008-2012): Forty-five peer reviewed papers are identified through journals, database searches, searching the Web, and chaining from known sources to form the base for this review. We believe this is the first effort to systematically review literature relating to MOOCs, a fairly recent but massively popular phenomenon with a global reach. The review categorises the literature into eight different areas of interest, introductory, concept, case studies, educational theory, technology, participant focussed, provider focussed, and other, while also providing quantitative analysis of publications according to publication type, year of publication, and contributors. Future research directions guided by gaps in the literature are explored.

Bad sports : the risks associated with not 'fitting in'

This paper is about peer rejection and bullying in schools and the tragic consequences that it can have. The focus of the paper is in the ways schools interact with groups of young males and, more importantly, those who are left out of these groupings. My concern is that schools currently give too little attention to informing and/or shaping the peer group practices of young people. I argue that the current educational theory and practice focus too heavily on individuals and their potential to act independently and overlook the all-important socialization that takes place within and between groups. Drawing on two case-studies of young males who experience peer rejection, I seek to raise concerns about the contemporary socializing practices of young males and the burgeoning need for schools to play a role in bringing about change. Given the continued prominence of sport as a trajectory for defining the dominant masculinity, I believe that it is critical that physical educators engage with the discussions and debates that surround this topic.

Regimes of risk: the need for a pedagogy for peer groups

Peer groups matter more than we think. In this paper we assert that peer group commitments and affiliations are often the primary social reference in determining the way young people think about and practice risk. It is, we argue, inappropriate to impose adult constructions of risk-taking and anti-social behaviour when trying to assert influence over the decisions and practices young people make in the context of their peers. Prominent in our discussion is a concern that mainstream educational theory and practice focuses disproportionately on the individual and their capacity to make rational and independent choices. We believe that within this individualizing framework, teachers have only a very limited capacity to influence the practices and decisions young people make in the presence of their peers, their friends. To ground this discussion we juxtapose the actions and interactions of two young male peer groups, to highlight their respective constructions of group identity.

Action research in higher education : the advancement of university learning and teaching

This thesis aims to contribute to the improvement and advancement of university learning, teaching, and staff development; to integrate educational theory and the practice of university teaching; and to contribute to the establishment of a new, emerging paradigm in higher education. The strategy towards achieving these aims comprises (1) an alternative research methodology in the interpretive, non-positivist paradigm; (2) an integrated framework drawing on a variety of previously unrelated theories to form an alternative model of university education; and (3) reference to the dialectical relationship between educational theory and teaching practice and their integration through action research in higher education. The thesis is not so much a critique of the traditional paradigm and of existing functionalist-structuralist approaches to higher education, but more a development and clarification of an alternative, dialectical, human action approach to higher education. The original contribution of this thesis to the theory and practice of higher education lies in the development (1) of an alternative model of university education based on an integration of previously unrelated domains of theory; (2) of a theoretical model of professional development as action research (the CRASP Model: Critical attitude, Research into teaching, Accountability, Self-evaluation, Professionalism); and (3) of action research projects in higher education. Action research is research by the university teachers themselves into their teaching practice, i.e. into problems of the curriculum and student learning. The case studies included in and appended to this thesis show that in one educational setting at least it was possible to improve and advance university learning and teaching through action research. The evidence for this advancement is provided in a number of previously published case studies compiled in the Appendix.

Encounters with silence : toward a pedagogics of silence in the education of adults

Educational theory, if distanced from experience, positions silence as a problem rather than as a site of possibility. This thesis presents and analyses experiences of silence in the lives of a composer, a novelist, a meditation teacher, an Orthodox priest, a high school teacher, an Anglican priest, an actor, a grief counsellor, and a university lecturer. It draws upon discourses of philosophy, theology, language, the arts and the environment. By focussing on silence as experience, it suggests new ways of enriching pedagogical practice.