998 resultados para Direito de Resistência, Direitos Fundamentais, Constituição, parte II
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The way of organization of the constitutional jurisdiction implies the possibility to extend the democratization of the same one in function of the popular participation in the active legitimacy to constitutional process (procedimentalist model) e, at the same time, to assure technical viable decisions fast and to the complex problems of the constitucional law (substancialist model). The comparison with the constitutional jurisdiction of U.S.A. becomes interesting from the knowledge of the wide power to decide experience of Supreme the Court that for a methodology of construction of rights and not simply of interpretation of the Constitution, brought up to date and reconstructed throughout its historical evolution the direction of the norms of basic rights and the North American principles constitutional. Construction while constitutional hermeneutic method of substancialist matrix works with techniques as the measurement of principles, the protection of interests of minorities and the entailing of the basic rights with values politicians, what it can be brought to evidence of the Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction in order to improve the construction of basic rights that comes being carried through for the judicial ativism in control of the diffuse and abstract constitutionality. To define the limits of construction is to search, on the other hand, a dialogue with the procedimentalists thesis, aiming at the widening of the participation of the citizen in the construction of the basic rights for the constitutional process and to argue forms of the society to evaluate the pronounced decisions activist in the controls diffuse and abstract of constitutionality
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The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the role of Public Powers in the enforcement of fundamental social rights, according to the principle of prohibition to social regression. The Federal Constitution of Brazil, situated in a position normative hierarchical superior, disciplines the legal and political process of the country, determining how Public Powers (Legislative, Executive and Judiciary) should act to enforce fundamental rights (social). Thus, features a cast of fundamental rights that aim to ensure social justice, highlighting the concern to ensure social values aimed at reducing social inequalities. The will of the state should be prevented by controlling the constitutionality of measures which restrict fundamental social rights, assuming the principle of human dignity, pillar of Social and Democratic State of Right, a dual role in the brazilian legal system, acting as the presupposition of jurisdictional control of the constitutionality of restrictive acts and as supervisory of omission or insufficient action of the State in the fulfillment of their fundamental duties. The constitutional determinations remove from the legislator the option to create or not the law that prints effectiveness to the social rights, as well as from the Executive the option of to execute or not rules directed at realization of the constitutional parameters, and Judiciary to behave or not in accordance with the Constitution, being given to the Powers only the arbitrariness of "how" to do, so that all functions performed by public actors to use the Constitution as a repository of the foundational values of the collectivity. Any situation that does not conform the principle of proportionality in relation to the enforcement of fundamental rights, especially the social, represents an unacceptable social regression unconstitutional. The constitutional rules and principles postulated by the realization of the rights, freedoms and guarantees of the human person, acting the principle of prohibition to social regression to regulate a concrete situation, whenever it is intended to change, reducing or deleting, the content of a social right. This paper of limit of state action serves to provide to the society legal security and protection of trust, ensuring the core of every social right. This should be effected to be sheltered the existential minimum, as a guarantee of the inviolability of human life, respecting the constitutional will, not falling into social regression
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Trabalho sobre a concretização dos direitos fundamentais pela jurisdição constitucional, mostrando a importância da interpretação da Constituição para a obtenção da eficácia de tais direitos. Desenvolve-se a pesquisa a partir da explicação histórica sobre o constitucionalismo moderno, que implantou o Estado Liberal de Direito e as constituições escritas, e no qual encontra a jurisdição constitucional o seu embasamento cultural e a sua justificação histórica. Verifica-se que a origem da jurisdição constitucional assenta-se no controle da constitucionalidade das leis e atos normativos do poder público, fundado no princípio da supremacia da Constituição. Destaca-se o realce dado pela teoria material da Constituição à normatividade dos princípios constitucionais, tecendo considerações em torno da classificação das normas constitucionais em regras e princípios. Remarca o trabalho que o controle da constitucionalidade pode ser formal ou material, apresentando esta última modalidade uma conotação acentuadamente política, já que, por ele, a aferição da compatibilidade da norma infraconstitucional é feita com o conteúdo material da Constituição. A função primacial da jurisdição constitucional é tutelar os direitos fundamentais, especialmente os das minorias sociais. Tal função sobreleva-se até mesmo contra textos legislativos produzidos por maiorias eventuais, pois o princípio da supremacia da Constituição prevalece sobre a regra da maioria vigente nos regimes democráticos. Comprova-se que a concepção substancialista, adotada para definir os contornos funcionais da jurisdição constitucional, propõe uma maior intervenção desta na apreciação dos casos que lhe são submetidos. Salienta-se que, no Estado Democrático de Direito, derivado da aglutinação do Estado Liberal com o Estado Social e acrescida de um elemento novo voltado à transformação da realidade social, a jurisdição constitucional passa a levar em conta, com mais atenção e destaque, os princípios constitucionais e a sincronia do ordenamento constitucional com a sociedade por ele ordenada. Realça também o estudo que a atuação da jurisdição constitucional, segundo a ideologia democrática defendida pelo Estado Democrático de Direito, tem logrado obter uma sociedade mais justa, e que a comprovação histórica é francamente favorável ao seu ativismo judicial. Os direitos fundamentais dificilmente se dissociam da democracia, que lhes garante a eficácia pela limitação e visibilidade do exercício do poder, traços políticos que constituem a nota típica dos regimes democráticos. Mesmo que os direitos fundamentais tenham tido um caráter pré-estatal como preconizado pelo jusnaturalismo, são eles normas, e não valores, pois tão logo sejam positivados pela Constituição eles se tornam direitos vigentes. Assevera a pesquisa que os métodos concretistas de interpretação constitucional mostram-se mais adequados à obtenção da eficácia da Constituição, pela importância que os elementos objetivos, relacionados com o contexto material da norma, assumem no seu processo de aplicação e interpretação. Conclui-se ser essencial que os operadores e estudiosos do Direito se conscientizem de que a interpretação constitucional deve assumir uma feição principiológica e concretista, de modo a ser obtida a máxima eficácia possível das normas constitucionais, especialmente as de direitos fundamentais, acentuando-se mais a necessidade de um Tribunal Constitucional, cuja criação no Brasil constitui ainda tema polêmico entre os doutrinadores
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This dissertation deals with the social function of the contract, based on constitutional principles, especially those relating to fundamental rights. The social function of the contract (general clause) is described in the Civil Code so intentionally generic, no precise criteria to define it. Because of the fluidity of this principle, it is justified its closer study, seeking to assess its various meanings and looking away from the legal uncertainty that an unlimited conceptual vagueness can cause. The social function of the contract arises from a transformation experienced in private law from the inflows received from the Constitutional Law, the result of an evolutionary process by which it became the state structure, leaving the foundations of the classical liberal state and moving toward a vision guided by existential human values that give the keynote of the Welfare State. Arose, then the concern about the effectiveness of fundamental rights in relations between individuals, which is studied from the inapplicability of fundamental rights in private relations (U.S. doctrine of State action), passing to the analysis of the Theory of indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights (of German creation and majority acceptance), reaching the right horizontal efficacy Theory of fundamental rights, prevailing Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence. It has also been investigated the foundations of the social contract, pointing out that, apart from the provisions of the constitutional legislation, that base the principle on screen, there have also been noticed foundations in the Federal Constitution, in devices like the art. 1, III, the dignity of the human person is the north of the relationship between contractors. Also art. 3rd, I CF/88 bases the vision of social covenants, equipping it for the implementation of social solidarity, as one of the fundamental objectives of the Republic. Still on art. 170 of the Constitution it is seen as a locus of reasoning in the social function of the contract, the maintenance of the economic order. It is also studied the internal and external aspects of the social function of the contract, being the first part the one that considers the requirement of respect for contractual loyalty, through the objective good faith, as a result of the dignity of the hirer may not be offended by the other through the contract. On the other hand, the external facet of the social function of the contract, in line with the constitutional mandate of solidarity, indicates the need for contractors to respect the rights of society, namely the diffuse, collective and individual third party. In this external appearance, it is also pointed the notion of external credit protection, addressing the duty of society to respect the contract. There has been shown some notions of the social contract in comparative law. Then, there has been investigated the content of principle study, through their interrelationships with other provisions of private and constitutional law, namely equality, objective good faith, private autonomy and dignity of the human person. We study the application of the social contract in contractual networks as well as the guidance of conservation of contracts, especially those denominated long-term captive contracts, considering the theory of substantive due performance, concluding with an analysis of the social contract in code of Consumer Protection
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Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS
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"Artigo produzido com base no trabalho de conclusão do Curso de Especialização em Análise e Controle da Constitucionalidade, promovido pela Unilegis - Univrsidade do Legislador em parceria com a Universidade de Brasília - UnB, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Especialista. Orientador: Prof. Marcus Faro de Castro".
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Bibliografia
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Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia.
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Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia.
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Inclui bibliografia.
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Estudo comparado sobre o tratamento dado aos dirietos fundamentais de pessoas coletivas de direito privado na Alemanha, em Portugal, na Espanha e no Brasil
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Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia
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Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia