La movilización vandálica : Interpretaciones de la protesta social durante el período de crisis política y primer kirchnerismo (2002-2004)

La ponencia propone una revisión de los hechos de protesta acontecidos durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2004, durante el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner. El análisis se realiza en dos aspectos: por un lado, a través del diario La Nación nos introducimos al mapa de las acciones concretas de protesta en el período seleccionado; mientras que por otro lado, a través de este diario junto al diario Clarín, indagaremos el modo en que fueron caracterizados y descriptos dichas acciones de protesta mediante la construcción de una base de declaraciones emitidos por diversos actores. El objetivo principal es conocer el modo en que se combinan el aspecto simbólico?discursivo con las manifestaciones concretas de protesta, los sujetos intervinientes y sus objetivos

La movilización vandálica : Interpretaciones de la protesta social durante el período de crisis política y primer kirchnerismo (2002-2004)

La ponencia propone una revisión de los hechos de protesta acontecidos durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2004, durante el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner. El análisis se realiza en dos aspectos: por un lado, a través del diario La Nación nos introducimos al mapa de las acciones concretas de protesta en el período seleccionado; mientras que por otro lado, a través de este diario junto al diario Clarín, indagaremos el modo en que fueron caracterizados y descriptos dichas acciones de protesta mediante la construcción de una base de declaraciones emitidos por diversos actores. El objetivo principal es conocer el modo en que se combinan el aspecto simbólico?discursivo con las manifestaciones concretas de protesta, los sujetos intervinientes y sus objetivos

Gendered Responses to Global Crisis: Circular Migration and Return among Ecuadorian Families in Spain and Ecuador

This paper analyzes the impact of Spain’s economic crisis on social reproduction strategies of Ecuadorian migrant families in Madrid and Quito. The paper analyzes circular migration experiences and more permanent returns to Ecuador. I argue that these strategies and migrants' greater or lesser capabilities to move between different migration destinations show significant gender differences. On the one hand, men and women make a differential use of their migratory status to deploy transnational strategies and expand their mobility. On the other hand, migrants’ degree of mobility and flexibility with regard to the labor market and transnational social reproduction are derivative of a specific gendered order and sexual division of labor.

Diversificación sectorial o internacional : antes, durante y después del periodo de la crisis subprime (2002-2013)

La complejidad de construir portafolios de inversión de renta variable (acciones) consiste en la búsqueda de una distribución óptima de activos que puedan dar un resultado de menor exposición al riesgo para un nivel de rendimiento máximo. El primer desafío por lograr, entonces, es el referido a la selección de los activos que se deben tomar en cuenta y, luego, la decisión de cuáles de estos adquirir. Adicionalmente, este procedimiento presenta una dificultad cuando se desea calcular, de manera razonable, la rentabilidad y riesgo de los diferentes portafolios construidos. En este contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación busca diferenciar la conformación de portafolios de inversión a través de la diversificación de activos sectoriales y geográficos (entre países). Tanto en rendimiento, riesgo y rentabilidad ajustada al riesgo para, de esta forma, contribuir a la toma de decisiones de los inversionistas alineados a sus objetivos y a su nivel de aversión al riesgo.

Crisis communication under transformative change : the emergent context and roles of primary and secondary organisations

In an era of complex challenges that draw sustained media attention and entangle multiple organisational actors, this thesis addresses the gap between current trends in society and business, and existing scholarship in public relations and crisis communication. By responding to calls from crisis communication researchers to develop theory (Coombs, 2006a), to examine the interdependencies of crises (Seeger, Sellnow, & Ulmer, 1998), and to consider variation in crisis response (Seeger, 2002), this thesis contributes to theory development in crisis communication and public relations. Through transformative change, this thesis extends existing scholarship built on a preservation or conservation logic where public relations is used to maintain stability by incrementally responding to changes in an organisation‘s environment (Cutlip, Center, & Broom, 2006; Everett, 2001; Grunig, 2000; Spicer, 1997). Based on the opportunity to contribute to ongoing theoretical development in the literature, the overall research problem guiding this thesis asks: How does transformative change during crisis influence corporate actors’ communication? This thesis adopts punctuated equilibrium theory, which describes change as alternating between long periods of stability and short periods of revolutionary or transformative change (Gersick, 1991; Romanelli & Tushman, 1994; Siggelkow, 2002; Tushman, Newman, & Romanelli, 1986; Tushman & Romanelli, 1985). As a theory for change, punctuated equilibrium provides an opportunity to examine public relations and transformative change, building on scholarship that is based primarily on incremental change. Further, existing scholarship in public relations and crisis communication focuses on the actions of single organisations in situational or short-term crisis events. Punctuated equilibrium theory enables the study of multiple crises and multiple organisational responses during transformative change. In doing so, punctuated equilibrium theory provides a framework to explain both the context for transformative change and actions or strategies enacted by organisations during transformative change (Tushman, Newman, & Romanelli, 1986; Tushman & Romanelli, 1985; Tushman, Virany, & Romanelli, 1986). The connections between context and action inform the research questions that guide this thesis: RQ1: What symbolic and substantive strategies persist and change as crises develop from situational events to transformative and multiple linked events? RQ2: What features of the crisis context influence changes in symbolic and substantive strategies? To shed light on these research questions, the thesis adopts a qualitative approach guided by process theory and methods to explicate the events, sequences and activities that were essential to change (Pettigrew, 1992; Van de Ven, 1992). Specifically, the thesis draws on an alternative template strategy (Langley, 1999) that provides several alternative interpretations of the same events (Allison, 1971; Allison & Zelikow, 1999). Following Allison (1971) and Allison and Zelikow (1999), this thesis uses three alternative templates of crisis or strategic response typologies to construct three narratives using media articles and organisational documents. The narratives are compared to identify and draw out different patterns of crisis communication strategies that operate within different crisis contexts. The thesis is based on the crisis events that affected three organisations within the pharmaceutical industry for four years. The primary organisation is Merck, as its product recall crisis triggered transformative change affecting, in different ways, the secondary organisations of Pfizer and Novartis. Three narratives are presented based on the crisis or strategic response typologies of Coombs (2006b), Allen and Caillouet (1994), and Oliver (1991). The findings of this thesis reveal different stories about crisis communication under transformative change. By zooming in to a micro perspective (Nicolini, 2009) to focus on the crisis communication and actions of a single organisation and zooming out to a macro perspective (Nicolini, 2009) to consider multiple organisations, new insights about crisis communication, change and the relationships among multiple organisations are revealed at context and action levels. At the context level, each subsequent narrative demonstrates greater connections among multiple corporate actors. By zooming out from Coombs‘ (2006b) focus on single organisations to consider Allen and Caillouet‘s (1994) integration of the web of corporate actors, the thesis demonstrates how corporate actors add accountability pressures to the primary organisation. Next, by zooming further out to the macro perspective by considering Oliver‘s (1991) strategic responses to institutional processes, the thesis reveals a greater range of corporate actors that are caught up in the process of transformative change and accounts for their varying levels of agency over their environment. By zooming in to a micro perspective and out to a macro perspective (Nicolini, 2009) across alternative templates, the thesis sheds light on sequences, events, and actions of primary and secondary organisations. Although the primary organisation remains the focus of sustained media attention across the four-year time frame, the secondary organisations, even when one faced a similar starting situation to the primary organisation, were buffered by the process of transformative change. This understanding of crisis contexts in transforming environments builds on existing knowledge in crisis communication. At the action level, the thesis also reveals different interpretations from each alternative template. Coombs‘ (2006b) narrative shows persistence in the primary organisation‘s crisis or strategic responses over the four-year time frame of the thesis. That is, the primary organisation consistently applies a diminish crisis response. At times, the primary organisation drew on denial responses when corporate actors questioned its legitimacy or actions. To close the crisis, the primary organisation uses a rebuild crisis posture (Coombs, 2006). These finding are replicated in Allen and Caillouet‘s (1994) narrative, noting this template‘s limitation to communication messages only. Oliver‘s (1991) narrative is consistent with Coombs‘ (2006b) but also demonstrated a shift from a strategic response that signals conformity to the environment to one that signals more active resistance to the environment over time. Specifically, the primary organisation‘s initial response demonstrates conformity but these same messages were used some three years later to set new expectations in the environment in order to shape criteria and build acceptance for future organisational decisions. In summary, the findings demonstrate the power of crisis or strategic responses when considered over time and in the context of transformative change. The conclusions of this research contribute to scholarship in the public relations and management literatures. Based on the significance of organisational theory, the primary contribution of the theory relates to the role of interorganisational linkages or legitimacy buffers that form during the punctuation of equilibrium. The network of linkages among the corporate actors are significant also to the crisis communication literature as they form part of the process model of crisis communication under punctuated equilibrium. This model extends existing research that focuses on crisis communication of single organisations to consider the emergent context that incorporates secondary organisations as well as the localised contests of legitimacy and buffers from regulatory authorities. The thesis also provides an empirical base for punctuated equilibrium in public relations and crisis communication, extending Murphy‘s (2000) introduction of the theory to the public relations literature. In doing this, punctuated equilibrium theory reinvigorates theoretical development in crisis communication by extending existing scholarship around incrementalist approaches and demonstrating how public relations works in the context of transformative change. Further research in this area could consider using alternative templates to study transformative change caused by a range of crisis types from natural disasters to product tampering, and to add further insight into the dynamics between primary and secondary organisations. This thesis contributes to practice by providing guidelines for crisis response strategy selection and indicators related to the emergent context for crises under transformative change that will help primary and secondary organisations‘ responses to crises.

Prudentia Iuris, 2002, n° 55 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial – Sobre la guerra: El uso de la fuerza frente a las agresiones de baja intensidad / Hernando V. Cañardo – Derecho de la alta tecnología: El orden público tecnológico / Horacio R. Granero – El gobierno electrónico como un nuevo paradigma de administración / Pablo Castoldi – Reforma del Estado: Crisis y reforma estructural del Estado / Vicente Gonzalo Massot – La reforma del Estado en sus aspectos estructurales y de gestión / Hugo Luis Dalbosco – Crisis y reforma del estado / Roberto Antonio Punte – Cómo recorrer virtualmente al estado argentino / Federico Ricciardi – La región como alternativa política / Carlos A. de Jorge – Algunos problemas actuales del federalismo y la regionalización como respuesta / Eugenio Luis Palazzo – La reforma administrativa del estado / Alfredo G. Barros – La reforma impostergable y largamente esperada del Poder Judicial / Silvana M. Stanga – Recensiones

¿Bancos con Problemas? Un Sistema de Alerta Temprana para la Prevención de Crisis Bancarias

[ES] Las autoridades reguladoras y supervisoras de los sistemas financieros han probado diversos métodos para intentar encontrar un procedimiento eficaz en la elaboración de un sistema de alerta temprana de las crisis bancarias. Los Modelos de Regresión Logística han sido usados aunque han mostrado algunas debilidades, por lo que se necesitan nuevos y mejores métodos. La crisis bancaria ocurrida en la República Dominicana entre los años 2002 y 2004 se ha usado para comparar la eficacia de la Regresión Logística frente al uso del método Support Vector Machines (SVM) para la detección de crisis bancarias.