54 resultados para Constitucionalização
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa procurou compreender como se dão as relações entre os povos indígenas no Brasil e o Estado federativo a partir da perspectiva das lideranças indígenas, tendo dois objetivos específicos: explicitar as demandas ainda existentes em relação às terras indígenas e ampliar a discussão acerca das relações políticas e administrativas entre as populações indígenas e os municípios, estados e o governo federal. A análise focalizou os nove documentos finais das conferências regionais dos povos indígenas realizadas nos anos de 2004 e 2005, como também três entrevistas com lideranças indígenas das etnias Baniwa, Tupi-Guarani e Krenak. A partir de uma discussão teórica sobre o federalismo e sua dimensão étnica, buscamos apontar a constitucionalização dos direitos indígenas e das instituições federativas nas constituições brasileiras desde a formação da federação brasileira em 1891. A seguir, discutimos o processo de descentralização no Brasil e delineamos um panorama, a partir da década de 1990, das principais mudanças ocorridas na estrutura estatal e nas políticas públicas indigenistas, com ênfase para as políticas de demarcação de terras, saúde e educação escolar indígena. Esta pesquisa buscou trazer algumas contribuições da Administração Pública para a ampliação da reflexão acerca da necessidade da inclusão da diversidade étnica nas políticas públicas e nos arranjos federativos brasileiros. Observou-se que, apesar dos avanços nas últimas décadas, em muitas localidades do país as populações indígenas não têm seus direitos assegurados, o que leva às lideranças indígenas a embates para a garantia desses direitos, não somente com o governo federal, mas também com os entes subnacionais. Observou-se que há não somente uma diversidade de situações e posicionamentos acerca das políticas públicas, mas também uma série de proposições para que as populações indígenas sejam incluídas nas estruturas políticas e administrativas brasileiras.
Resumo:
Este trabalho monográfico trata de Hospitais Universitários e Fatores Ambientais Relevantes na Implementação das Políticas de Saúde e Educação de Recursos Humanos para a saúde. Primeiramente, busca identificar a evolução das políticas, no Brasil, a partir da VªConferência Nacional de Saúde (1975) até a constitucionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde (1988), deixando evidente as dificuldades de implementação destas políticas no seu nível de orçamento e ação. Levanta, também, as características da instituição Hospital Universitário, desde de sua origem, na década de 60, para atender às necessidades das escolas médicas, até os questionamentos quanto às suas funções sociais nos nossos dias, assim como a forma de sua gestão ao inserir-se no Sistema Único de Saúde. Ainda, caracterizando os Hospitais Universitários como uma organização complexa, busca na literatura da Ciência Administrativa, referências sobre organização, análise ambiental e estratégia no planejamento e gerência. Na análise ambiental, salienta o estudo dos Fatores Ambientais Relevantes, para o melhor desempenho organizacional na implementação adequada das po~íticas. Com este embasamento, faz um estudo de caso do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, usando modelo de análise que associa métodos qualitativo e quantitativo com a participação de um grupo interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, e programa de processamento de dados - análise estrutural. Com este modelo, levanta os Fatores Ambientais de maior relevância no sistema da organização em estudo. Usa também a técnica da entrevista para atender o objetivo específico de identificar a percepção destes fatores, pelo grupo gerencial da organização hospitalar.
Resumo:
Esta obra tem como tema central a abordagem da política nacional de conciliação implementada pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, bem como a sua adoção pelo TJRS. Em razão da mudança comportamental da sociedade nas últimas décadas, decorrente de vários fatores, entre eles: a evolução do Estado liberal para o Estado democrático de direito, a constitucionalização dos direitos fundamentais e o acesso à justiça, entre outros, ocorreu o aumento da demanda judicial, gerando problemas na prestação jurisdicional, como morosidade do sistema e difícil acesso ao Poder Judiciário. Assim, no auge da crise do Poder Judiciário, através da emenda constitucional nº 45, foi criado o Conselho Nacional de Justiça, com o objetivo de tornar a prestação jurisdicional, de forma moral, eficiente e efetiva. O Conselho Nacional de Justiça, como integrante do Poder Judiciário, visando, através de uma política pública nacional, a maximizar a prestação jurisdicional e oferecer uma justiça mais célere e justa, através da resolução número 125, determinou a implantação da política Nacional da Conciliação. Desse modo, o Poder Judiciário, utilizando os métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos, a conciliação e a mediação, espera oferecer uma jurisdição mais rápida, contribuir para a pacificação social e diminuir o número de ações judiciais, com a implementação da política Nacional da Conciliação. O Tribunal de Justiça gaúcho, visando a cumprir as determinações da Resolução n. 125 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, instalou no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul quatro centrais de conciliação e mediação, entre elas a Central Judicial de Conciliação e Mediação da comarca de Pelotas. Os resultados apresentados por esse órgão demonstram que as conciliações, embora não apresentem um número expressivo, têm se revelado um mecanismo célere e eficaz, na busca da resolução de conflitos e pacificação social.
Resumo:
A monografia trata acerca da influência que a função social da empresa exerce sobre o conceito de empresa. O entendimento sobre a função social da empresa não é pacífico, mas é consensual que a Constituição de 1988 o consagrou como princípio da ordem econômica. A constitucionalização do direito privado é determinante para os efeitos do princípio da função social da empresa. O ponto central do trabalho é verificar se existe um conceito de empresa que se adeque ao princípio da função social da empresa exigido pela Constituição. Dentre as teorias dos atos de comércio, da empresa e da firma, esta última tende a explicar o fenômeno da empresa de modo mais congruente com a função social da empresa.
Resumo:
The constitutionalisation of private relations is the central theme of this work. Approached him overcome the dichotomy between public and private, through functionalization to the constitutionalization of civil law. Research on the effectiveness of horizontal rights. Constitutional under the lens, we analyzed the tense relationship between possession and ownership desfuncionalizada functionalized. We realize that having qualified and gained autonomy, and mechanism of access to goods, in view of the status sheet minimum, and of accomplishment, materializing human dignity. Then, we investigated the expropriation of private ownership qualified as legislative intervention that ensures the enforcement of fundamental rights through the state-court. We face the legal, the constitutionality and the burden of this institute. Also operability that it gives the judge, the process of exercise, the object, issues related to the burden and assessment of damages, as well as the nature, timing and costs of transferring property. At the end, we point to the scarcity palace, as well as the need to repair lege ferenda. The methodological approach has been championed by legal dogmatics in its analytical aspect, as we explore concepts and correlate with our planning. In empirical connotation, we evaluated the normativity and applicability of our law courts. For the ultimate in normative vision, answers to the problems faced and perform the necessary propositions, based on the results from the conceptual and empirical analysis
Resumo:
The dissertation, which is based on the deductive method, by using general concepts of the theory of the administrative participation in the administrative process, addresses the importance of strengthening administrative and procedural activities of citizen involvement in public administration for the administrative consolidation of democracy in Brazil. The emergence of Administrative Law has particular importance for the understanding of its institutions and, of course, for the different fields of public administration. The authoritarian profile of this area of law still exists as a clear recollection of their origin, mainly based on a relationship of superiority of the state over the individuals. Indeed, does not even modern constitutionalism could print a true democracy administrative, since the constitutions were not properly observed by the Government. Furthermore, only the process of constitutionalization of administrative law legal relations took a more democratic profile. That is, the creation of an environment of dialogue with civil society is a recent achievement of the Brazilian government. As the administrative process involves dilemmas and solutions of state action, because it is revealed the expression government, the strengthening of institutions and principles related to the administrative procedure is important for role in making a more participatory relationship between state and citizen. Thus, administrative participation can be considered not only a mechanism of control and legitimacy of state action, but also for improvement and reduction of administrative costs, as a requirement of the principle of efficiency. The objective of this investigation is to assert as the administrative legal relation, the administrative legality, the administrative jurisdiction, the processuality administrative, the consensuality administrative and administrative justice, together with administrative participation, can contribute to a more democratic role of the Public Administration and, therefore, more dialogic and consolidator of the fundamental rights of citizens. Therefore, we highlight the importance of the administrative process and administrative participation as mechanisms for improving public policy and thus as a means of reducing administrative costs mediate the state
Resumo:
This paper is about the objective dimension of fundamental rights, aiming to present a concept well-designed for this dimension, and establish a systematic teaching of the subject, presenting the developments of this dimension of fundamental rights. The objective dimension of fundamental rights arises related to the idea of linking the state of fundamental rights, transforming these rights as the foundation and purpose of the state. It is distinguished from that perspective of the subjective dimension of fundamental rights, which includes the fundamental rights in an individual-state relationship. Under the subjective prism, rights are seen as limits required by the individual, the state intervention in the lives of individuals. A new dimension goes beyond the perspective of the rights of the individual as a mere resistance in the face of the state, assigning those rights also an active mission, which generates a series of legal repercussions. These developments or "effectiveness" the objective dimension are studied. The first consists of Binding Effectiveness, and demonstrated a new respect for fundamental rights within the state structure, which creates concepts such as "linkage of state functions fundamental rights" and "state s duty to protect". There is also the Radiant Effectiveness in which are examined topics such as the "constitutionalization of Law" and the "application of fundamental rights to particular relationships". Studies are still Procedure Effectiveness, in the case of "objectification of the mechanisms of protection of fundamental rights" and "opening of the processes of state protection of fundamental rights to public participation"
Resumo:
This work has the main goal on the recognition of the inherent value of nonhuman animals, under the constitutional framework. It is presented the main philosophical formulations of the current pattern of behavior that rules the relationship between man and animals: first those that have excluded animals from moral consideration and then the thinkers which do have included, in some way, in order to elucidate the origin of the anthropocentric thought over the natural world. In this way, the analysis these thinkers that have included animals in moral consideration will contribute to a paradigm change from the anthropocentric view, initiating legal debates. It will be made a simplified analysis of different philosophical and legal points of view that have been demonstrating the posture in which the human beings have been dealing with the environment, with the replacement of the anthropocentric thinking for the biocentric view, in which life becomes the center of existence. Life is life, no matter whether it is human or not, has a value in itself, and must be protected and respected by the legal system. Then, it will be analized the constitutionalization of the nonhuman animal dignity in comparative law; the infraconstitutional legislation which concerning the intrinsic value of all life forms and, finally, the 1988 Constitution. It will be advocated for non-human animals the condition of subjects, presenting some cases that the Habeas Corpus was used in animal defense. In this new Brazilian Habeas Corpus theory of for apes the argument of genetic proximity was used in order to overcome the literal meaning of natural person to achieve hominids in order to assure the fundamental right of physical freedom. It is realized that the fact that the great apes being recognized as a person does not preclude the possibility of other living beings be recognized as subjects of law. In this way, animals can be considered non-human subjects of law, according to the theory of depersonalized entities and may enjoy a legal category that allows a respect for existential minimum, and can hold constitutional fundamental rights
Resumo:
The transition of the liberal state to welfare state, globalization and the crisis of funding from the government spending on the multiple roles demanded an overhaul of the means of intervention in the economic domain and structure organizational of the Public Administration by enhancing the performance of regulatory functions. Therefore appear in Brazilian law independent regulatory agencies with legal administrative particular that gives autonomy increased, with fixed terms and stability of its leaders, police and competencies, normative and administrative judges. In this scenario, given the autonomy granted by the laws of the creation of regulatory agencies, the legislative competence becomes the most contentious issue, as not infrequently is innovation in the legal system. The main foundations of innovative extension producible by regulatory agencies, which diverges doctrine, are the constitutional attribution of own competence of the Public Administration and the discretionary power. Thus, it is necessary to delimit the constitutional and legal foundations of special legislative powers of these autarchies in our legal system, seeking ways to limit and control the production rules of those entities, for the purpose of position them before the powers constitutionally constituted. We note that with the constitutionalisation of administrative law regulatory agencies found limits to its performance in the normative constitutional principles, especially through the principles of efficiency, morality and proportionality, which has enabled a more effective control of their normative acts
Resumo:
The existence of inequalities among the Brazilian regions is an indeed fact along the country s history. Before this reality the constitutional legislator inserted into the Federal Constitution of 1988, as a purpose of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the reduction of regional inequalities. The development has also been included as a purpose from the State, because there is an straight relation with the reduction of regional inequalities. In both situations is searched the improvement of people s living conditions. . In pursuit of this achievement, the State must implement public policy, and, for this to happen, it needs the ingress of income inside of the public coffers and support of economic agents, therefore the importance of constitucionalization of the economic policy. The 1988 s Constitution adopted a rational capitalism regime consentaneous with current legal and social conceptions, that s why it enabled the State s intervention into economy to correct the so-called market failures or to make the established objectives fulfilled. About this last one, the intervention may happen by induction through the adoption of regulatory Standards of incentive or disincentive of economic activity. Among the possible inductive ways there are the tax assessments that aim to stimulate the economic agents behavior in view of finding that the development doesn t occur with the same intensity in all of the country s regions. Inside this context there are the Export Processing Zones (EPZs) which are special areas with different customs regime by the granting of benefits to the companies that are installed there. The EPZs have been used, by several countries, in order to develop certain regions, and economic indicators show that they promoted economic and social changes in the places where they are installed, especially because, by attracting companies, they provide job creation, industrialization and increased exports. In Brazil, they can contribute decisively to overcome major obstacles or decrease the attraction of economic agents and economic development of the country. In the case of an instrument known to be effective to achieve the goals established by the Constitution, it is duty of the Executive to push for the law that governs this customs regime is effectively applied. If the Executive doesn t fulfill this duty, incurs into unjustifiable omission, correction likely by the Judiciary, whose mission is to prevent acts or omissions contrary to constitutional order
Resumo:
Diante do atual modelo penal e processual penal não atender aos reclamos das partes interessadas, gerando um descrédito na Justiça de um modo geral, surge a Justiça Restaurativa como uma alternativa para solucionar tais problemas e como elemento de concretização do Estado Democrático Constitucional. A Constituição Federal de 1988 representa o símbolo maior do processo de democratização e de constitucionalização nacional. O Princípio da Dignidade da Pessoa contida no texto constitucional consiste num dos principais fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil, funcionando como respaldo aos direitos e garantias fundamentais do cidadão, sobretudo na seara criminal. A partir do processo de constitucionalização nacional, ocorre uma releitura das legislações infra-constitucionais, que passam a ser interpretadas de acordo com o texto constitucional. Atualmente, a conjuntura jurídico-penal pátria está associada à ideia de garantismo, ligada ao conceito de Estado Democrático Constitucional. Apresenta-se a Justiça Restaurativa como um novo modelo de Justiça Penal, mais flexível e humanizado, visando além da aplicação da pena imposta pelo Estado, superar uma situação de conflito, na busca por resultados positivos no combate e redução da criminalidade, a satisfação da vítima e a mudança da cultura de violência, compatível com as diretrizes do Estado Democrático Constitucional. A partir da análise do direito internacional e de projetos e legislações nacionais envolvendo a Justiça Restaurativa, percebe-se a eficácia das medidas restaurativas na solução de conflitos dentro do Processo Penal, além da satisfação da vítima, do infrator e de familiares na participação dos encontros restaurativos, constituindo ferramenta de satisfação da dignidade humana, dentro de uma perspectiva humanista e garantista
Resumo:
The work presented here is the result of research on the issue of human rights in the face of conflicting issues such as the incorporation of international treaties, the sovereignty of states, globalization and multuculturalism. Specifically, we will investigate the origin of human rights, alongside his growing recognition, from the Revolutions until its completion in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The question, however, has become broader, when analyzed from the perspective of the internationalization of these rights as conditions and limits of democracy. Given the convergence on the reception of international treaties on human rights, we analyze a series of positions, including recent placements of the Supreme Court, and Constitutional Amendment n.45/2004. The study aims to review the classical concept of sovereignty, now within a new perspective based on the appearance of certain limitations of the state and a crisis in the face of the protection of human rights. We analyze the phenomenon of globalization in light of its complexity and its relation to sovereignty and human rights in pursuit of an expansion of democracy. The theme is consistent also with the line of contemporary constitutionalism, since their approach has a close connection with the issues of sovereignty and globalization, as well as a current relationship with the protection of human rights. The research aims to analyze the formation of a new society within a global vision of the constitutionalization of international law. It seeks to glimpse the invocacion model of foreign precedents and the possibility of dialogue betweem States as a way of protecting and enforcing the protection of human rights