Front pages with contents of No. 61, 2000

Front cover. Table of Contents.

Back pages of No. 61, 2000

Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands. Map.

High-reflectance 193 nm Al2O3/MgF2 mirrors

Thin-film single layers of Al2O3 and MgF2 were deposited upon super polished fused-silica by electron-beam evaporation. The subsequent optical constants n and k were reported for the spectral range of 180-230 nm. High-reflectance dense multilayer coatings for 193 nm were designed on the basis of the evaluated optical constants and produced. The spectra of the reflectance of HR coatings were compared to the theoretical calculations. HR mirrors of 27 layers with a reflectance of more than 98% were reported. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

SAMUDRA Report No. 61, March 2012

Contents: UNCSD: Rio+20. Shrimp Aquaculture in Central America. Sovereign Rights of Indigenous Fishers. Access to Fisheries Information. Harmonizing Fishworkers’ Rights. The Delhi MPA Workshop.

On the troll line investigations off Cochin during five fishing seasons. Pt. 1. Investigations during 1960-61 and 1961-62 seasons

There is apparently great scope for improvement of the design and operational aspects of the gear particularly for the effective exploitation of seasonal fisheries like that of seer, tuna, barracuda etc. In order to evolve improved, yet cheap trolling gear regular investigations were undertaken by the Craft & Gear Wing of the Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, off Cochin for five fishing seasons and the results of these studies are incorporated in this paper.

光敏核不育水稻41 kDa和61 kDa蛋白质的发现、N-端序列分析及其雄性不育性状关系的探讨

光敏核不育水稻农垦58S是石明松于1973年在晚粳农垦58的大田中发现的雄性不育突变体，它在长日照下雄性不育可被用于与恢复系杂交生产杂种，而在短日照下雄性可育能用于自交繁殖，它的恢复系来源广泛。基于这些特性，育种学家用光敏核不育水稻建立的二系杂交水稻制种技术有很大的应用潜力。近十几年来，育种学家用农垦58S作基因供体转育了许多新的不育系，研究结果表明育成的粳型不育系均为光敏不育系，但在育成的籼型不育系中，绝大多数丧失光敏核不育特性，变成温敏不育系。目前因不知光敏核不育的分子遗传机制，尚不能解释这些问题。 本文用双向电泳技术分析了农垦58S和农垦58苗期和育性转换光敏感期叶绿体蛋白质的差异，在农垦58S中发现三个蛋白质(Pl，P2和P3)，其中Pl和P2在苗期和光敏感期叶片内均存在，P3仅在光敏感期的叶片中存在，它们不受长日照或短日照处理的影响。农垦58没有这三个蛋白质。 用制备型双向电泳纯化后，得到SDS - PAGE和IEF纯的Pl和P2。经SDS-PAGE和IEF测定，Pl的等电点是6.2，分子量是41 kDa;P2的等电点是5.8，分子量是61 kDa。现称Pl为P41，P2为P61。氨基酸序列分析和同源性检索发现P41与水稻叶绿体ATP合成酶p亚基和酵母转录因子CAD1有同源性，此外，P41的N-端序列中有一个与蛋白激酶催化核心中的多功能motif Y-G-X-G-X- (P/T)-G-V相似的序列;P61的14个氨基酸长的N-端序列与水稻叶绿体ATP合成酶β亚基的一致。P41和P61 N-端前12个氨基酸的序列也完全一致。 PCR扩增和Southern杂交分析没有发现农垦58S和农垦58之间ATP合成酶β亚基基因(atpB)的多态性。Nothern杂交分析表明农垦58S中仅有一种、与农垦58 atpB mRNA分子量相同的atpB转录产物，但它的atpB mRNA丰度明显低于农垦58的。没有检测到突变的atpB和其它形式的atpB转录产物。 分析P41和P61在其它水稻材料中的分布特点发现它们在粳型光敏不育系7001S、5088S、31301S、C407S和1647S，籼型光敏不育系W7415S和W9451S以及温（光）敏不育系培矮64S中存在，而在对照材料三系水稻马协A、珍汕97A、马协B、珍汕97B和明恢63以及常规粳稻C94153中不存在。根据这些不育系的系谱和它们与农垦58S之间基因的等位性研究结果，讨论了P41和P61与光敏核不育性的可能联系。

Species diversification in coastal aquaculture: production potentials of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with mono and mixed sex tilapia

An experiment of 120 days of culture was conducted in brackishwater earthen ponds having an area of 0.2ha each. The hatchery produced shrimp (Penaeus monodon) post larvae were stocked in the 40m² fine meshed nylon net nursery enclosures were fed with commercial pellet feed. After two weeks of nursing, juveniles were allowed to spread in cultural pond by opening the fence. Fingerlings of three different strain of tilapia were stocked as shrimp and Strain-1 all male (monosex) (T1), shrimp and Strain-2 all male (T2), shrimp and Strain-3 mixed sex population (T3) @ 20.000/ha and 10.000/ha, respectively and shrimp only (monoculture) (T4) @ 20.000/ha. The shrimp and fish were fed with farm made feed consisting of a mixture of fishmeal 29%, MOC 15%, rice bran 30%, soybean meal 16%, wheat flour 9% and vitamin premix 0.1%. The average final weight of shrimp was 24.9±1.13g, 23.41±3.26g and 26.67±1.89g that stocked with tilapia in treatments T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The final average weight of shrimp in monoculture (T4) was 27.41±0.76g, apparently higher but insignificant in treatments. The survival of shrimp was 42.17%, 32.38%, 39.45% and 61.98% in treatments T1 T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The production of shrimp in concurrent culture was 193.67, 154.26 and 210.41kg/ha in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, while in monoculture (T4) was 339.77 kg/ha. The growth and survival of tilapia among the treatments was insignificant. The growth of monosex tilapia ranged 225.29 and 291.31g and survival 62.77 and 72.20% in T1 and T2, respectively, in mixed sex was 193.0g and 83.20% (T3). The production of tilapia monosex strains was 1676.69kg/ha (Strain-2 all male) and 1668.98 kg/ha (Strain-1 all male) while that of Strain-3 mixed sex population was 1622.92 kg/ha.

中国近海浮游细菌生物量与生产力的生态分布特点

本论文研究了胶洲湾、东海和渤海的蓝细菌（Synechococcus）、生物量、异养细菌生物量和生产力的生态学特点。并在汇泉湾、渤海和东海用分极增减法对海洋蓝细菌在微型食物环（the microbial loop）中的作用进行了初步研究。在以上海区调查研究的时间如下：胶州湾：1993年2月、5月、9月11月，1996年5月、1999年3月、5月和12月。汇泉湾：1996年4月至1998年4月。东海：1997年2-3月，1998年7月。渤海1998年9-10月，1999年4-5月。研究结果如下：胶州湾：蓝细菌生物量的变化范围是11.4-0.03 mgC/m~3，季节变化是夏季>秋季和春季>冬季。其水平分布是除夏季蓝细菌生物量是沿岸浅水区向湾外递减外，其它三季（春、秋和冬季）是由湾外向湾内至沿岸浅水区递减。蓝细菌生物量与海水温度周年变化正相关，与季节海水温度的关系是秋、冬季分布变化一致，春、夏季分布变化相反。海水温度是影响胶州湾蓝细菌生物量分布变化的主要原因。异养细菌生物量和生产力的变化范围分别是29.8-1.62 mgC/m~3; 129.12-1.92 mgC/m~3.d。季节变化都是夏季>秋季、春季>冬季。夏季的异养细菌生物量和生产力水平分布趋势与蓝细菌生物量的分布变化相同。海水温度对异养细菌生产力的影响较对异养细菌生物量的影响大。异养细菌生产力相比（BP:PP）的变化在0.58-0.02之间，季节分布变化是夏季>秋季、春季>冬季。夏季表层的BP:PP由沿岸浅水区向湾心、湾口和湾外递减。东海：蓝细菌生物量的变化范围是46.72-0.011 mgC/m~3，夏季高平均是23.59 mgC/m~3，冬季低平均是3.61 mgC/m~3。冬季蓝细菌生物量的水平分布明显受黑潮的影响，在表面和20米层是由东南向西北方向递减。其垂直分布是冬季表层和20米层>底层，夏季是20米层>表层>底层；在连续站冬111站和410站变化都是中层>底层>表层。异养细菌生物量和生产力的变化范围分别是17.2-4.4 mgC/m~3（1997.2）；376.8-7.2 mgC/m~3.d。异养细菌生产力夏季高平均是35.1 mgC/m~3.d。异养细菌生物量的水平分布是由沿岸向外海递增（1997.2），异养细菌生产力的水平分布是冬季异养细菌生产力在32度断面有由沿岸向外递减趋势，PN断面的变化与冬季相似。垂直分布，冬季和夏季的异养细菌生产力的垂直变化在2断面是底层大于表面，PN断面则是表层大于底层，32度断面大多断站是底层大于表层。在连续站冬季111站异养细菌生产力的变化是底层>中层>表层，409站的变化是中层>底层>表层，夏季111站和410站都是中>底层>表层。异养细菌生物量（1997.2）表层分布变化与海水温度分布变化相似，底层变化相反。异养细菌生产力与初级生产力相比（BP:PP），冬季在0.04-0.30之间，平均为0.17；夏季在0.20-0.43之间平均0.32。冬季在长江口附近BP：PP有一个高值区是0.30，夏季在111站附近有一个高值区是0.43。从连续站111站和409’站观测发现底层的BP：PP明显高于表层。渤海：蓝细菌生物量秋季（16.6-0.37 mgC/m~3）比春季（0.44-0.015 mgC/m~3）高。其秋季的水平分布与海水盐度水平分布相同，与海水温度水平分布相反。异养细菌生产力秋季（189-62.2 mgC/m~3.d）与春季（193.2-49.8 mgC/m~3.d）相当。但秋季捕层BP普遍小于底层，而春季是表层普遍大于底层。根据颗粒分级培养实验结果，海洋蓝图细菌在微型食物环中的作用如下：在汇泉湾的春季和秋季蓝细菌可能主要被小型浮游动物（microzooplankton 20-200 μm）捕食。在渤海的春季和秋季也是同样结果。但在东海夏季的111站和410站附近（东海大陆架中部）微型浮游动物（nanozooplankton 2-20 μm）对蓝细菌的捕食压力明显。