Molecular biology and functions of epilysin (MMP-28)

Epilysin (MMP-28) is the most recently identified member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of extracellular proteases. Together these enzymes are capable of degrading almost all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are thus involved in important biological processes such as development, wound healing and immune functions, but also in pathological processes such as tumor invasion, metastasis and arthritis. MMPs do not act solely by degrading the ECM. They also regulate cell behavior by releasing growth factors and biologically active peptides from the ECM, by modulating cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules and by regulating the activity of many important mediators in inflammatory pathways. The aim of this study was to define the unique role of epilysin within the MMP-family, to elucidate how and when it is expressed and how its catalytic activity is regulated. To gain information on its essential functions and substrates, the specific aim was to characterize how epilysin affects the phenotype of epithelial cells, where it is biologically expressed. During the course of the study we found that the epilysin promoter contains a well conserved GT-box that is essential for the basic expression of this gene. Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 bind this sequence and could hence regulate both the basic and cell type and differentiation stage specific expression of epilysin. We cloned mouse epilysin cDNA and found that epilysin is well conserved between human and mouse genomes and that epilysin is glycosylated and activated by furin. Similarly to in human tissues, epilysin is normally expressed in a number of mouse tissues. The expression pattern differs from most other MMPs, which are expressed only in response to injury or inflammation and in pathological processes like cancer. These findings implicate that epilysin could be involved in tissue homeostasis, perhaps fine-tuning the phenotype of epithelial cells according to signals from the ECM. In view of these results, it was unexpected to find that epilysin can induce a stable epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when overexpressed in epithelial lung carcinoma cells. Transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) was recognized as a crucial mediator of this process, which was characterized by the loss of E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion, elevated expression of gelatinase B and MT1-MMP and increased cell migration and invasion into collagen I gels. We also observed that epilysin is bound to the surface of epithelial cells and that this interaction is lost upon cell transformation and is susceptible to degradation by membrane type-1-MMP (MT1-MMP). The wide expression of epilysin under physiological conditions implicates that its effects on epithelial cell phenotype in vivo are not as dramatic as seen in our in vitro cell system. Nevertheless, current results indicate a possible interaction between epilysin and TGF-b also under physiological circumstances, where epilysin activity may not induce EMT but, instead, trigger less permanent changes in TGF-b signaling and cell motility. Epilysin may thus play an important role in TGF-b regulated events such as wound healing and inflammation, processes where involvement of epilysin has been indicated.

Vykopirovkas proėktnogo plana na zemelʻnyĭ otvod Evreĭskogo pereselenskogo uchastku N 28

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Plan zemelʻnogo uchastka N 28

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The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ-28): A parsimonious version validated for longitudinal use from 2-5 years

Prospective studies and intervention evaluations that examine change over time assume that measurement tools measure the same construct at each occasion. In the area of parent-child feeding practices, longitudinal measurement properties of the questionnaires used are rarely verified. To ascertain that measured change in feeding practices reflects true change rather than change in the assessment, structure, or conceptualisation of the constructs over time, this study examined longitudinal measurement invariance of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) subscales (9 constructs; 40 items) across 3 time points. Mothers participating in the NOURISH trial reported their feeding practices when children were aged 2, 3.7, and 5 years (N = 404). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) within a structural equation modelling framework was used. Comparisons of initial cross-sectional models followed by longitudinal modelling of subscales, resulted in the removal of 12 items, including two redundant or poorly performing subscales. The resulting 28-item FPSQ-28 comprised 7 multi-item subscales: Reward for Behaviour, Reward for Eating, Persuasive Feeding, Overt Restriction, Covert Restriction, Structured Meal Setting and Structured Meal Timing. All subscales showed good fit over 3 time points and each displayed at least partial scalar (thresholds equal) longitudinal measurement invariance. We recommend the use of a separate single item indicator to assess the family meal setting. This is the first study to examine longitudinal measurement invariance in a feeding practices questionnaire. Invariance was established, indicating that the subscales of the shortened FPSQ-28 can be used with mothers to validly assess change in 7 feeding constructs in samples of children aged 2-5 years of age.

Energy identities in water wave theory for free-surface boundary condition with higher-order derivatives

A modified form of Green's integral theorem is employed to derive the energy identity in any water wave diffraction problem in a single-layer fluid for free-surface boundary condition with higher-order derivatives. For a two-layer fluid with free-surface boundary condition involving higher-order derivatives, two forms of energy identities involving transmission and reflection coefficients for any wave diffraction problem are also derived here by the same method. Based on this modified Green's theorem, hydrodynamic relations such as the energy-conservation principle and modified Haskind–Hanaoka relation are derived for radiation and diffraction problems in a single as well as two-layer fluid.

Silva Fennica. A quarterly journal of forest science. Contents Vol. 28, 1994.

Julkaistu Silva Fennica Vol. 28(4) -numeron liitteenä.

Molecular structure of Lantadene-B&C, triterpenoids ofantana camara, red variety: Lantadene-B, 22β-angeloyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid; Lantadene-C, 22 β-(S)-2′-methyl butanoyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid

(I)Lantadene-B: C35H52O5,M r =552.80, MonoclinicC2,a=25.65(1),b=6.819(9),c=18.75(1) Å,beta=100.61(9),V=3223(5) Å3,Z=4,D x =1.14 g cm–3 CuKagr (lambda=1.5418A),mgr=5.5 cm–1,F(000)=1208,R=0.118,wR=0.132 for 1527 observed reflections withF o ge2sgr(F o ). (II)Lantadene-C: C35H54O5·CH3OH,Mr=586.85, Monoclinic,P21,a=9.822(3),b=10.909(3),c=16.120(8)Å,beta=99.82(4),V=1702(1)Å3,Z=2,D x =1.145 g cm–3, MoKagr (lambda=0.7107Å), mgr=0.708 cm–1 F(000)=644,R=0.098, wR=0.094 for 1073 observed reflections. The rings A, B, C, D, and E aretrans, trans, trans, cis fused and are in chair, chair, sofa, half-chair, chair conformations, respectively, in both the structures. In the unit cell the molecules are stabilized by O-HctdotO hydrogen bonds in both the structures, however an additional C-HctdotO interaction is observed in the case of Lantadene-C.

Part II: A Fully Integrated RF PA in 28-nm CMOS With Device Design for Optimized Performance and ESD Robustness

In this paper, we report drain-extended MOS device design guidelines for the RF power amplifier (RF PA) applications. A complete RF PA circuit in a 28-nm CMOS technology node with the matching and biasing network is used as a test vehicle to validate the RF performance improvement by a systematic device design. A complete RF PA with 0.16-W/mm power density is reported experimentally. By simultaneous improvement of device-circuit performance, 45% improvement in the circuit RF power gain, 25% improvement in the power-added efficiency at 1-GHz frequency, and 5x improvement in the electrostatic discharge robustness are reported experimentally.

Comments on ``Influence of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD mixed convection flow'' by K. Das JMST 28 (5) (2014) 1881 similar to 1885] and ``Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet'' by K. Das JMST 28 (12) 5089 similar to 5094]

In this letter, we submit our comment on the following recently published papers by Kalidas Das: (1) ``Influence of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD mixed convection flow,'' Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (5) (2014) 1881-1885; and (2) ``Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet,'' Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (12) (2014) 5089-5094. The authors attempt to present the similarity solutions in both papers. We comment that the similarity transformations considered in Refs. 1, 2] are incorrect. Thus, the results presented by Kalidas Das lead to invalid conclusions.

Letras, 1993, nº 27-28 (número completo)

Contenido: Hermenéutica y estructuras históricas / Cesare Segre – Realismo y simbolismo en la geografía del Amadís de Gaula: la Insula Firme y sus dimensiones / Javier R. González – La visión insular y litoral del espacio en el Amadís de Gaula / Silvia Cristina Lastra Paz – El nivel de la historia en un relato de J. L. Borges. Un análisis narratológico / Hugo Eduardo Lombardini – Joseph de Maistre, maestro de razonamiento de Baudelaire (primera parte). La filosofía de Joseph de Maistre, entrevista en el soneto “Correspondances” de Charles Baudelaire (segunda parte) / Perla Montiveros de Mollo – Imágenes del “Hombre nuevo” en la obra de Leopoldo Marechal / Javier de Navascués – Valores cronotópicos y técnicas significantes al servicio de la “ejemplaridad” cervantina en “El celoso extremeño” / María Rosa Petruccelli – Reseñas bibliográficas

Sapientia, 1953, Vol. VIII, nº 28 (número completo)

Contenido: Intolerancia de la verdad y tolerancia del amor / La Dirección – Definición de la metafísica : sus dificultades y su posibilidad / Reginaldo Garrigou-Lagrange O. P. – La oposición estética forma-contenido / Manuel B. Trías – Ética de la subjetividad : en torno a la ética de G. Marcel y K. Jarspers /José Ignacio Alcorta -- Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

El concepto de “vida privada” en la fecundación heteróloga y el diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio : a propósito de la STEDH “Costa y Pavan c/Italia, del 28 de agosto de 2012

Resumen: Esta ocasión me brinda la oportunidad de realizar algo más que un mero comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (TEDH), “Costa y Pavan c/ Italia”. Es decir, voy a esbozar una toma de postura prescriptiva contraria a la filosofía individualista de fondo del TEDH respecto al presente caso, en base a un discurso jurídico-filosófico. La frivolidad del TEDH a la hora de tratar algunos temas de bioética y bioderecho se enmarca en el uso de un lenguaje políticamente correcto y de cierto consenso pragmático, recubierto en ocasiones de ropajes jurídico-formales, en lo concerniente al amplio artículo 8º del CEDH. Cuestiones vitales en la configuración de la realidad humana que deben tratarse desde una óptica comprometida con uno mismo y con el tiempo que le ha tocado vivir. Con semejante punto de vista resulta clave otorgar a las palabras un contenido, pero sobre ello siempre subyace el miedo a que las palabras acaben diciendo lo que nosotros queramos que digan. En el ámbito jurídico, en ocasiones, ese nosotros puede ser asumido por algún alto tribunal.