A design and a prototype for a mobile information service for tourists

Tourism is one of the biggest industry branches with billions of tourists traveling every year around the world. Therefore, solutions providing tourist information have to be up to date with both changes in the industry and the world’s technological progress. The aim of this thesis is to present a design and a prototype of a tourist mobile service which is individual-oriented, cost-free for the end user, and secure. On the information providers’ side, the solution is implemented as a Webbased database. The end users access the information through a Bluetooth application on their mobile devices. The Bluetooth-based solution allows to avoid any costs for the end users, that is tourists. The study shows that, even with small data transfers, the tourists could save significantly when compared to possible roaming charges for data transfer. Also, the proposed mobile service is not intrusive, as it is provided through an application installed by tourists voluntarily on their mobile devices. Through design and implementation this work shows that it is possible to build a system which can be used to provide information services to tourists through mobile phones. The work achieved a successful ongoing synchronization between the client and the server databases. Implementation and usage were limited to smart phones only, as they provide better technological support for the solution having features like maps, GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Databases. Moreover, the design of this system shows how Bluetooth technology can be used effectively as a means of communication while minimizing its shortcomings and risks, such as security, by bypassing Bluetooth server service discovery protocol (SDP) and connecting directly to the device. Apart from showing the design and implementation of the end-user costfree mobile information service, the results of this work also highlight the possible business opportunities to the provider of the service.

Essays on Business and Leadership Ethics

As this is a dissertation, an academic thesis, it is important to define the objectives of my research, even if ex post facto, explicitly: - To define, develop and study the concept of business and leadership ethics. - To empirically study the phenomena associated with business and leadership from an ethical perspective. - To create a new framework for the development of responsible business. - To create an “acid test” for my body of works, i.e. a test and an evaluation on how well my research and ideas hold up under academic philosophical reflection. The utilitarian reasoning had the most support when the actors justified their actions regarding economic benefit. (=instrumental good). Duty and benefit were often mixed up in people’s speech. Their meaning contents were blurred and the argumentation lines created by the actors were broken. This can be interpreted in a way that supports Frankena’s mixed deontological philosophy as a frame of reference. Deontologica reasoning was used e.g. in describing the personnel management processes of a company. Virtue ethics is a favourable starting point for studying management and leadership ethics. All the actors studied could name virtues for their operations, towards which to aspire to. They also named professional practices already in use that they considered to be virtuous. Finally, I wish to state that normative ethics is an important branch of philosophical ethics, if also very important in applied ethics especially. From the normative standpoint, the results of this dissertation want to lead nations, communities and individuals towards the virtues of democratic leadership and sustainable economic development.

Development of Cost Estimation with Feedback Information in EPCM Business

Target company of this study is a large machinery company, which is, inter alia, engaged in energy and pulp engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM) supply business. The main objective of this study was to develop cost estimation of the target company by providing more accurate, reliable and up-to-date information through enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Another objective was to find cost-effective methods to collect total cost of ownership information to support more informed supplier selection decision making. This study is primarily action-oriented, but also constructive, and it can be divided in two sections: theoretical literature review and empirical study on the abovementioned part of the target company’s business. Development of information collection is, in addition to literature review, based on nearly 30 qualitative interviews of employees at various organizational units, functions and levels at the target company. At the core of development was to make initial data more accurate, reliable and available, a necessary prerequisite for informed use of the information. Certain development suggestions and paths were presented in order to regain confidence in ERP system as information source by reorganizing work breakdown structure and by complementing mere cost information with quantitative, technical and scope information. Several methods to use the information ever more effectively were also discussed. While implementation of the development suggestions outreached the scope of this study, it was forwarded in test environment and interest groups.

The role of business information and knowledge in sales steering

The objective of this study is to find out how sales management can be optimally supported with business information and knowledge. The first chapters of the study focus on theoretical literature about sales planning, sales steering, business intelligence, and knowledge management. The empirical part of the study is a case study for which the material was collected through interviews with the selected people of the company. The findings from the interviews were analyzed, and possible suggestions for solving the problems were made. The case study revealed that sales management requires a multitude of metrics and reports to steer the sales to the desired direction. The information sources can be internal and external, and the optimal solution for satisfying the information needs is a combination of both of these. The simple information should be turned into knowledge by merging the intellectual assets with the information from the firm’s transaction processing systems, in order to promote organizational learning and effective decision-making.

Customer satisfaction data utilization: identifying value drivers and information use practices

The objective of this master’s thesis was twofold: first to examine the concept of customer value and its drivers and second to identify information use practices. The first part of the study represents explorative research that was carried out by examining a case company’s customer satisfaction data that was used to identify sales and technical customer service related value drivers on a detailed attribute level. This was followed by an examination of whether these attributes had been commented on in a positive or a negative light and what were the reasons why the case company had received higher or lower ratings than its competitor. As a result a classification of different sales and technical customer service related attributes was created. The results indicated that the case company has performed well, but that the results varied on the company’s business segment level. The case company’s staff, service and the benefits from a long-lasting relationship came up in a positive light whereas attitude, flexibility and reaction time came up in a negative light. The reasons for a higher or lower score in comparison to competitor varied. The results indicated that a customer’s satisfaction with the company’s performance did not always mean that the company was outperforming the competition. The second part of the study focused on customer satisfaction information use from the viewpoints of information access, dissemination and reaction. The study was conducted by running an internal survey among the case company’s staff. The results showed that information use practices varied across the company and some units or teams had taken a more proactive approach to the information use than others.

Information integration and its impacts on logistics performance - Using information technology and systems to facilitate information integration

Fast changing environment sets pressure on firms to share large amount of information with their customers and suppliers. The terms information integration and information sharing are essential for facilitating a smooth flow of information throughout the supply chain, and the terms are used interchangeably in research literature. By integrating and sharing information, firms want to improve their logistics performance. Firms share information with their suppliers and customers by using traditional communication methods (telephone, fax, Email, written and face-to-face contacts) and by using advanced or modern communication methods such as electronic data interchange (EDI), enterprise resource planning (ERP), web-based procurement systems, electronic trading systems and web portals. Adopting new ways of using IT is one important resource for staying competitive on the rapidly changing market (Saeed et al. 2005, 387), and an information system that provides people the information they need for performing their work, will support company performance (Boddy et al. 2005, 26). The purpose of this research has been to test and understand the relationship between information integration with key suppliers and/or customers and a firm’s logistics performance, especially when information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) are used for integrating information. Quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used to perform the research. Special attention has been paid to the scope, level and direction of information integration (Van Donk & van der Vaart 2005a). In addition, the four elements of integration (Jahre & Fabbe-Costes 2008) are closely tied to the frame of reference. The elements are integration of flows, integration of processes and activities, integration of information technologies and systems and integration of actors. The study found that information integration has a low positive relationship to operational performance and a medium positive relationship to strategic performance. The potential performance improvements found in this study vary from efficiency, delivery and quality improvements (operational) to profit, profitability or customer satisfaction improvements (strategic). The results indicate that although information integration has an impact on a firm’s logistics performance, all performance improvements have not been achieved. This study also found that the use of IT and IS have a mediocre positive relationship to information integration. Almost all case companies agreed on that the use of IT and IS could facilitate information integration and improve their logistics performance. The case companies felt that an implementation of a web portal or a data bank would benefit them - enhance their performance and increase information integration.

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CREATING SUSTAINABILITY VALUE FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2020 : a scenario planning approach

The growing importance of global sustainability issues has been causing many changes to the financial services industry. Facts such as climate change, social development and the financial crisis in 2008 have been making banks reconsider the manner that they consider environmental, social and economic factors in their decision-making process. At the same time, information technology (IT) has been transforming the financial service industry and its fast development has casted doubts on the way it should be managed within an organization. This current changing environment brings a number of uncertainties to the future that cannot be addressed using traditional forecasting techniques. This research investigates how IT can bring value to sustainability in the financial service industry in 2020. Through the use of a scenario planning technique, we analyzed how trends in the current environment (considering the relation between sustainability, financial institutions an IT) can lead to four different future scenarios. Then, we discussed how IT can improve a bank’s sustainability performance, considering the limitations of each scenario.

Improving alumni administration by self-built information system : building IMMIT connected' to enhance alumni connection

Alumni are considered as precious resource of the institutions, thus improving alumni adminis-tration is critical. In information era, alumni administration is assisted by widespread information technology, such as social network sites. This paper aims to discover if a self-built information sys-tem would enhance alumni connection in the IMMIT context, and what kind of attributes would be helpful applying to the special context. The current online alumni services at other universities and at the IMMIT host university are analyzed, and then social media is introduced. After illustrating the social capital existing in IM-MIT, the type of the self-built information system is suggested, following an interpretation of the prototype. Two research models are utilized in this article: TAM and intentional social action model. The second model is adjusted with proposed parameters. Afterwards, a survey and an interview protocol are designed under the guidance of the models. The results are analyzed in several groups, and the proposed parameters are tested. A conclusion is drawn to indicate how to improve alumni‟s intention to use and how to achieve a better-accepted design.

Finna - Opening Access to Cultural Heritage and Scientific Information

Aki Lassilan esitys Europeana työpajassa 20.11.2012 Helsingissä.

Kokemäenjoki-LIFE : Sosioekonominen selvitys vuonna 2012

LIFE Luonto-tukea maksetaan hankkeille, joilla ennallistetaan ja suojellaan uhanalaisia luontotyyppejä ja suojellaan kasvi- ja eläinlajeja Euroopan unionin alueella. LIFE Luonto -ohjelman tavoite on edistää lintudirektiivin ja luontodirektiivin täytäntöönpanoa. Siinä keskitytään koko EU:n kattavan Natura 2000 -verkoston alueella esiintyviin luontotyyppeihin ja lajeihin. EU:n LIFE Luonto rahaston puoliksi rahoittama Kokemäenjoki-LIFE on Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskuksen vetämä Kokemäenjoen varressa sijaitsevien arvokkaiden luontokohteiden kunnostus- ja hoitohanke. Hankealueina ovat Satakunnassa sijaitsevat Pirilänkoski, Vanhakoski, Puurijärvi-Isosuo, Preiviikinlahti ja Kokemäenjoen suisto. Hanke keskittyy näiden Natura 2000 –verkostoon kuuluvien alueiden kunnostamiseen, hoitoon ja suojelun suunnitteluun vuosina 2006-2012. Tarkoituksena on edistää alueiden luontoarvojen säilymistä ja parantaa niiden virkistyskäyttömahdollisuuksia. Tässä julkaisussa vertaillaan alueella asuvien ja toimivien henkilöiden vuoden 2007 odotuksia siihen, miten nämä odotukset ovat viiden vuoden aikana toteutuneet. Ensimmäisellä kerralla kyselyyn vastasi 119 henkilöä ja toisella 84 henkilöä. Kysymykset oli suunniteltu ensimmäisellä kerralla siten, että ne voitiin nyt toistaa lähes sellaisinaan. Kysely lähetettiin toisella kerralla samojen intressi- ja harrastusryhmien edustajille kuin vuonna 2007. Vain muutama vastaaja ilmoitti vuoden 2012 kyselyssä hyötyvänsä taloudellisesti jostain Kokemäenjoki-LIFE hankealueesta tai muusta Kokemäenjoen alueella sijaitsevasta suojelualueesta. Vastaajien suosituimmat harrastukset kaikilla alueilla olivat jo aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa luonnon tarkkailu ja siellä oleilu sekä vesillä ja luonnossa liikkuminen. Suosituimmat harrastukset vuonna 2012 olivat samat kuin vuonna 2007 ja ne voidaan käytännössä jakaa kahteen suurempaan ryhmään, virkistäytyjiin ja hyödyntäjiin. Verrattuna vuoden 2007 kyselyyn on hyödyntäjien prosenttiosuus hieman kasvanut (27 % vuonna 2007 vs. 37% nykyisin). Virkistäytyjät näkivät selvästi hankkeiden parantaneen heidän henkilökohtaisia harrastusmahdollisuuksiakun taas hyödyntäjät olivat sitä mieltä, että hankkeilla oli harrastusmahdollisuuksia rajoittava vaikutus. Hankepaikkakuntien talouteen ja työllisyyteen hankkeella ei juurikaan katsottu olevan sellaista suoraa vaikutusta, joka olisi ollut helposti todennettavissa. Yleisesti ottaen vastaajat kuitenkin olivat sitä mieltä, että hankkeella oli hankepaikkakunnilla hieman enemmänmyönteisiä kuin kielteisiä vaikutuksia. Yli puolet vastaajista oli sitä mieltä, ettei hankkeella ollut juurikaan vaikutusta hankepaikkakuntien yhteishenkeen ja yhteistyöhön. Vastaajien asenteet luonnonsuojelua kohtaan olivat pääsääntöisesti myönteisiä, eikä muutoksia vuoden 2007 näkemyksiin ole juurikaan havaittavissa. Vastauksissa kuvastuu selvästi tiedon ja tiedottamisen tarve, vain vajaa viidesosa vastanneista oli tyytyväinen nykyiseen. Tutkimuksia ei enää katsottu tarpeelliseksi lisätä. Intressiryhmien ja ylemmän tason toimijoiden haastatteluissa korostuu luontoalueiden virkistyskäyttö. Natura-alueet koetaan ensisijaisesti paikallisten virkistäytymisalueina, ei niinkään taloudellista hyötyä tuottavina matkailukohteina. Natura-prosessi on ollut pitkä eikä suojelun syitä ole maanomistajien mukaan selitetty perusteellisesti. Myös ympäristöviranomaisten tapaan olla yhteydessä maanomistajiin kaivataan parannusta. Henkilökohtaista yhteydenottoa ja kontaktia arvostetaan ja pidetään kirjettä parempanalähestymistapana. Kaikkien kunnanjohtajien mukaan yksi tärkeä syy lähteä mukaan Kokemäenjoki-LIFE -hankkeeseen on se, että kuntien varat yksinään eivät riitä suurien hankkeiden toteuttamiseen.