Aquisição de interrogativas preposicionadas em português europeu

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desenvolvimento e Perturbações da Linguagem na Criança, área de especialização em Terapia da Fala

Quantificação de neuromelanina em doenças neurodegenerativas

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma das patologias neurodegenerativas com maior incidência na população mundial com mais de 60 anos de idade. A sua progressão é acompanhada de uma redução acentuada da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, tornando-se vital procurar novos métodos que permitam entender os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da doença e auxiliem o seu diagnóstico em ambiente clínico. Estudos anteriores têm demonstrado que a neuromelanina, um pigmento localizado na região da substantia nigra pars compacta (SN), está presente nos neurónios produtores de dopamina e nos neurónios noradrenérgicos do locus coeruleus, sendo a sua perda uma das principais características patológicas da DP. Sabendo que a neuromelanina possui propriedades paramagnéticas é possível identificá-la em imagens de ressonância magnética ponderadas em T1. O objectivo deste trabalho passa pela procura de soluções para melhorar os processos de filtragem e segmentação utilizados num programa desenvolvido previamente para a segmentação desta região e assim conduzir à introdução da ferramenta em ambiente clínico. São também objectivos do trabalho o estudo da evolução temporal da área estimada da SN em grupos de doentes com DP e em voluntários saudáveis, investigar potenciais efeitos da medicação da DP na área de neuromelanina e ainda identificar eventuais alterações na concentração deste pigmento em pacientes com Tremor Essencial (TE) auxiliando o diagnóstico diferencial com a DP. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar um novo processo de filtragem bastante superior ao anteriormente utilizado e optimizar o processo de segmentação. Foi ainda possível diferenciar o grupo de controlo dos doentes com DP com base nas áreas medidas para a SN. Os pacientes de TE não revelaram alterações na área da neuromelanina face ao grupo de controlo contrastando com os doentes com DP. Concluiu-se que o protocolo de aquisição condiciona a qualidade das imagens e deve ser melhorado no futuro. A diferenciação entre doentes com DP e indivíduos saudáveis permite que a ferramenta seja relevante a nível do diagnóstico destas patologias. Foi ainda possível demonstrar que este método permite distinguir entre TE e DP, um resultado que poder ter grande relevância em futuras aplicações.

Archaeometallurgical study of the Proto-historic collection of Moinhos de Golas (North Portugal): a forecast for technological changes?

This work presents the archaeometallurgical study of a group of metallic artefacts found in Moinhos de Golas site, Vila Real (North of Portugal), that can generically be attributed to Proto-history (1st millennium BC, Late Bronze Age and Iron Age). The collection is composed by 35 objects: weapons, ornaments and tools, and others of difficult classification, as rings, bars and one small thin bent sheet. Some of the objects can typologically be attributed to Late Bronze Age, others are of more difficult specific attribution. The archaeometallurgical study involved x-ray digital radiography, elemental analysis by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, microstructural observations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The radiographic images revealed structural heterogeneities frequently related with the degradation of some artefacts and the elemental analysis showed that the majority of the artefacts was produced in a binary bronze alloy (Cu-Sn) (73%), being others produced in copper (15%) and three artefacts in brass (Cu-Zn(-Sn-Pb)). Among each type of alloy there’s certain variability in the composition and in the type of inclusions. The microstructural observations revealed that the majority of the artefacts suffered cycles of thermo-mechanical processing after casting. The diversity of metals/alloys identified was a discovery of great interest, specifically due to the presence of brasses. Their presence can be interpreted as importations related to the circulation of exogenous products during the Proto-history and/or to the deposition of materials during different moments at the site, from the transition of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (Orientalizing period) onwards, as during the Roman period.

Storage of water molecules into biomimetic heterostructures: the role of roughness

The development of devices based on heterostructured thin films of biomolecules conveys a huge contribution on biomedical field. However, to achieve high efficiency of these devices, the storage of water molecules into these heterostructures, in order to maintain the biological molecules hydrated, is mandatory. Such hydrated environment may be achieved with lipids molecules which have the ability to rearrange spontaneously into vesicles creating a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments. Yet it is necessary to find conditions that lead to the immobilization of whole vesicles on the heterostructures. In this work, the conditions that govern the deposition of open and closed liposomes of 1.2-dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (sodium Salt) (DPPG) onto polyelectrolytes cushions prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method were analyzed. Electronic transitions of DPPG molecules as well as absorption coefficients were obtained by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy, while the elemental composition of the heterostructures was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of water molecules in the films was inferred by XPS and infrared spectroscopy. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) data analysis allowed to conclude that, in certain cases, the DPPG adsorbed amount is dependent of the bilayers number already adsorbed. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics curves of both adsorbed amount and surface roughness allowed to determine the kinetics parameters that are related with adsorption processes namely, electrostatic forces, liposomes diffusion and lipids re-organization on surface. Scaling exponents attained from atomic force microscopy images statistical analysis demonstrate that DPPG vesicles adsorption mechanism is ruled by the diffusion Villain model confirming that adsorption is governed by electrostatic forces. The power spectral density treatment enabled a thorough description of the accessible surface of the samples as well as of its inner structural properties. These outcomes proved that surface roughness influences the adsorption of DPPG liposomes onto surfaces covered by a polyelectrolyte layer. Thus, low roughness was shown to induce liposome rupture creating a lipid bilayer while high roughness allows the adsorption of whole liposomes. In addition, the fraction of open liposomes calculated from the normalized maximum adsorbed amounts decreases with the cushion roughness increase, allowing us to conclude that the surface roughness is a crucial variable that governs the adsorption of open or whole liposomes. This conclusion is fundamental for the development of well-designed sensors based on functional biomolecules incorporated in liposomes. Indeed, LbL films composed of polyelectrolytes and liposomes with and without melanin encapsulated were successfully applied to sensors of olive oil.

Avaliação das constantes elásticas de bronzes vazados com alto teor em estanho

Este estudo pretendeu caracterizar as constantes elásticas de bronzes com alto teor em estanho e, em particular, da fase intermetálica delta (~32 wt.% Sn) à temperatura ambiente. Esta caracterização é importante para a previsão das propriedades acústicas dos sinos, pelo que especial atenção foi também dada à composição média das ligas Cu-Sn usadas na fundição sineira. Estes bronzes, devido ao caráter frágil da fase delta, não são processados termo-mecanicamente, apresentando-se na condição de vazados. Para o efeito, produziram-se provetes com teores de Sn variáveis (até 32 wt.% Sn), fundidos a 1150 ºC e arrefecidos em condições próximas das de fundição em moldação em areia. A composição e fases presentes foram estudadas com recurso a radiação X, enquanto que a microestrutura foi analisada com recurso a técnicas de microscopia. As constantes elásticas foram determinadas pela velocidade de propagação de impulsos ultra-sónicos, recorrendo a ondas longitudinais e transversais. Individualmente para a fase alfa e delta estas foram medidas por nanoindentação. Em conclusão, determinaram-se as constantes elásticas para as ligas de alto teor em Sn. Nas ligas hipo-eutectóides a estrutura grosseira de grão inviabilizou a técnica utilizada. Verificou-se também que a velocidade das ondas longitudinais pouco varia com o teor em Sn, contrariamente às ondas transversais.

Banco BPI and the reimbursement of contingent convertible subordinated bonds (CoCos)

This case study focuses on the BPI’s recapitalization plan, its causes and the reasons for the early reimbursement of CoCos in June 2014. The need for a capital intervention and the subsequent subscription agreement with the Portuguese Government of €1 500 million Core Tier 1 instruments were the result of a temporary capital buffer for sovereign debt exposures imposed by the European Banking Authority. The capital increase, the positive earnings in 2012 and 2013, the improvements in the sovereign debt crisis, the implementation of Basel III, in addition to the public exchange offer and the conversion of deferred tax assets into tax credits are the main factors for concluding the entire recapitalization operation three years before the deadline.

Cross sectional default probabilities in european corporate bonds

This study attempts to identify basis-trading opportunities in the European banking sector by comparing two different measures for the market’s assessment of risk: market-observed CDS spreads and model-implied Z-spreads. Using a sample of 10 banks, over a period of 3 years following the European banking crisis, it can be concluded that there were arbitrage opportunities in the sector, as evidenced by the derived negative bases.

Estudo da evolução da concentração de ferro na doença de Parkinson

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida em colaboração com o Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB/FCUL) e com o serviço de Neurologia do Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM)

Synthesis and characterization of C3-symmetric 1,3,5 - Benzenetricarboxamide derived supramolecular systems

The aim of this work was to study the self-assembly process of C3-symmetric molecules. To accomplish this objective 1,3,5 – benzentricarboxamides (BTA) derivatives were obtained. Five C3-symmetric molecules were synthesized in moderate to good yields (39-72%) using azo-benzene, aniline, benzylamine, tryptophan and tyrosine. The aggregation behavior of the BTA derivatives was probed with 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 1H-1H 2D Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY). These experiments allowed to study the influence of H-bonding groups, aromatic rings, unsaturated bonds and the overall geometry in the molecular self-assembly associated with the different structural patterns present on these molecules. The stacking and large molecule behavior where observed in BTA 1, aniline derivative, BTA 4, tyrosine derivative or BTA 5, tryptophan derivative, with several of those discussed functional groups such as unsaturated bonds and H-bonding groups. BTA 5 was used in a few preliminary interaction studies with glucose and ammonium chloride showing interaction with the ammonium ion.

An automated framework for the management of P2P traffic in ISP infrastructures

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is nowadays a widely used paradigm underpinning the deployment of several Internet services and applications. However, the management of P2P traffic aggregates is not an easy task for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In this perspective, and considering an expectable proliferation in the use of such ap- plications, future networks require the development of smart mechanisms fostering an easier coexistence between P2P applications and ISP infrastructures. This paper aims to contribute for such research efforts presenting a framework incorporating useful mechanisms to be activated by network administrators, being also able to operate as an automated management tool dealing with P2P traffic aggregates.

Automated network resilience optimization using computational intelligence methods

This paper presents an automated optimization framework able to provide network administrators with resilient routing configurations for link-state protocols, such as OSPF or IS-IS. In order to deal with the formulated NP-hard optimization problems, the devised framework is underpinned by the use of computational in- telligence optimization engines, such as Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs). With the objective of demonstrating the framework capabilities, two il- lustrative Traffic Engineering methods are described, allowing to attain routing con- figurations robust to changes in the traffic demands and maintaining the network stable even in the presence of link failure events. The presented illustrative results clearly corroborate the usefulness of the proposed automated framework along with the devised optimization methods.

Contaminação provocada por um depósito de lixo no aqüífero Alter do Chão em Manaus - AM

Este trabalho discute a composição química da água do aqüífero Alter do Chão na área do entorno de um lixão na cidade de Manaus. Foram analisados pH, Eh, turbidez, nitrato, nitrito, amônia e os elementos Cl, F, Si, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, As, Mn, P, Sb, Ba, Cr, Fe, Se, Sn, Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn, em dois períodos, no final do período chuvoso e na estiagem, em 18 poços e cacimbas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a água está comprometida para consumo humano na quase totalidade dos poços amostrados, em conseqüência dos elevados teores de Al, Fe, As, Cd, Pb, Sb e Se, dos compostos nitrogenados e também por contaminações pontuais de Mn e Zn. A pluma de contaminação, que se expande no final do período chuvoso, estende-se para leste e sudeste do lixão, em função das direções naturais de fluxo do aqüífero e do baixo potenciométrico gerado pelo igarapé que corta a área.

Processamento e caracterização mecânica e metalográfica de compósitos adiamantados à base de cobre-níquel obtidos por hot pressing

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Avaliação da camada intermetálica em placas de circuito impresso com acabamento superficial HASL com diferentes processos de soldagem

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Paragéneses contrastantes no campo pegmatítico de Arga (NW de Portugal): diversidade e equilíbrio

Dissertação de mestrado Ordenamento e Valorização de Recursos Geológicos