Desenvolupament d'una xarxa social utilitzant ASP.NET

Desenvolupament d'una xarxa social utilitzant la tecnologia ASP.NET de Microsoft.

La quête du consentement éclairé en médecine comme construction sociale [The application of informed consent in medicine as social construction].

The aim of this article is to propose an anthropological point of view about informed consent in medicine. This quest for legitimacy should be read as a relational and social construction. In the heart of clinical complexity we find on one side various techniques employed by the medical community to validate research and to obtain the consent of patients. On the other side patients offer plural and subjective answers due to the doctor patient hierarchical and long relationship. Between constraints and freedoms, informed consent brings to light social relation.

A IMPORTÃNCIA DA CONTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL NO CONTEXTO DAS EMPRESAS EM SÃO VICENTE

No mundo globalizado, com o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, novas formas de indústria e a escassez dos recursos, surge a necessidade de mudar o comportamento das entidades em relação à preservação do meio ambiente. É neste sentido que muitas entidades estão a adoptar a contabilidade ambiental nos seus relatórios, de forma a evidenciar os impactos que as suas acções provocam sobre o meio ambiente. O presente trabalho assenta-se principalmente na importância da contabilidade ambiental, na responsabilidade social e nos impactos que as actividades das empresas provocam ao meio ambiente. Neste sentido, apresentamos os conceitos de responsabilidade social e ambiental, e principalmente o conceito de contabilidade ambiental, onde fizemos a sua breve caracterização histórica, a sua importância, os seus objectivos e vantagens. Procuramos, de uma forma sintetizada, através dos relatórios de gestão disponibilizados nos Web sites de algumas empresas do País, saber qual o tratamento dado às questões de responsabilidade social e ambiental, e constatamos que muitas dessas empresas incluem nos seus relatórios acções relacionadas com a sociedade e o ambiente. Foi feito um estudo de caso na empresa de Produção, Transporte e Distribuição de Electricidade e Água, para ilustrar o tema de estudo. Fizemos uma análise nos documentos disponibilizados pela empresa de modo a saber qual a relevância dada às questões relacionadas com a contabilidade ambiental e qual o tratamento contabilístico dados as estas questões. Relativamente à metodologia utilizada durante a elaboração deste trabalho, baseámo-nos em revisões bibliográficas acerca do tema, em análises aos documentos da empresa e conversas tidas com alguns colaboradores da mesma. In this globalised world, with the development of new technologies, new types of industry and scarcity of resources, there is a need to change the behaviour of entities in what concerns protection of the environment. This is why many entities are including environmental accounting in their reports, in order to show the impact of their activity on the environment. This work is mainly focused on the importance of environmental accounting, the social responsibility and the impact on the environment caused by corporations’ activity. In this sense we begin with the introduction to the concept of social and environmental responsibility, with emphasis on environmental accounting, doing a brief historic characterization of it, its importance, objectives and advantages. In a synthetic way, going through the management reports shown on the websites of some enterprises in this country, we tried to learn how they deal with the matter of social and environmental responsibility, and we noticed that many of them include in their reports actions they take in the field of society and environment. To illustrate our theme, a case study was done in Electra, the electricity and water production and Distribution Company. We analysed documents made available by the company in order to know how they care about environmental accounting matters and how they treat them at the financial accounting level. Concerning the methodology used in performing this work, we based on reading bibliography about the theme, analyzing documents from that company and conversations with some of its workers.

Sistemas da qualidade no ensino superior : contributos para modelos de melhoria da qualidade e responsabilidade social

A gestão das Instituições de Ensino Superior está a ser repensada num contexto de globalização tendo em conta a missão destas, a responsabilidade e a sua cultura (ou culturas), impondo-se novos modelos de gestão e governação. A Qualidade e a Responsabilidade Social do Ensino Superior constituem um tema pertinente e actual. As transformações estruturais que as sociedades atravessam aconselham e justificam da parte do Ensino Superior uma atitude consentânea com as necessidades daquelas. Os desafios que, as Instituições de Ensino Superior enfrentam, exigem novas perspectivas estratégicas e nova visão perante cenários de incerteza que surgem a nível mundial, desempenhando a liderança um papel fundamental na qualidade destas instituições. Neste sentido, lança-se no presente estudo, a seguinte questão: Que Modelos de Gestão e Governação contribuem para a melhoria da Qualidade no Ensino Superior? A metodologia utilizada para a realização deste estudo passa pelo delineamento de uma estratégia com cinco fases: elaboração de um plano ajustável à evolução do trabalho, levantamento do estado da arte de uma forma gradual, trabalho de pesquisa e criação, escrita da tese e análise crítica e reflexão. Para além de outros aspectos relevantes no domínio do Ensino Superior, foram estudados diversos modelos, Modelos de Excelência, modelos para implementação de Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade, Gestão Ambiental, Gestão da Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho, Gestão de Risco; entre outros. Criaram-se diversos Indicadores de Responsabilidade Social neste contexto e foi feito um estudo piloto no âmbito da Responsabilidade Social em Instituições de Ensino Superior. Por último, destacaram-se as conclusões que decorrem do estudo piloto efectuado, bem como reflexões que surgem da investigação teórica realizada. O estudo piloto efectuado permitiu concluir, por exemplo, que existem indícios de algum alheamento no seio das Instituições às temáticas relacionadas com os princípios éticos e com a educação ambiental. Por outro lado, uma grande parte dos indivíduos inquiridos disseram não ter qualquer opinião quando confrontados com questões sobre Participação Social Responsável, Investigação Socialmente Útil e Gestão Social do Conhecimento. Conclui-se que as questões para as pessoas ainda são muito vagas, daí que, faça sentido o debate de todas estas questões, bem como estudos que contribuam para uma mudança de paradigma relativamente à educação, e em particular no Ensino Superior, com vista à qualidade, num sentido abrangente.

Sistemas da qualidade no ensino superior : contributos para modelos de melhoria da qualidade e responsabilidade social

The management of Higher Education Institutions is being rethought, with the mission and culture of the institutions changing due to globalization, resulting in new models of management and governance. The quality of Higher Education and its obligations to society are of current importance. The structural changes that the society has gone through requires a response in higher education that matches the changing needs of the society. Higher Education Institutions require new perspectives and a new strategic vision to cope with the uncertainty arising at a global scale, and this plays a role in their quality and whether they are leading institutions. Thus the following question arises: Which forms of management and governance contribute to the improvement of quality in higher education? The methodology for this study was designed with five stages: preparation of a plan of work within the thesis, the gradual progression to understanding the up-to-date understanding of Higher Education Research, generating research hypotheses and creating further understanding, writing the thesis with critical analysis and reflection. In addition to other relevant issues in higher education, different models were studied: Models of excellence, Models for implementation of Quality Management Systems, Environmental Management, Occupational Health and Safety Management, Risk Management, among others. Several indicators of Social Responsibility were created in this context and a pilot study was conducted in the area of Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions. Finally the conclusions resulting from the pilot study are presented and questions arising from the theoretical research are discussed. For example, the pilot study showed that there are indicators of a lack of understanding within the institutions to issues related to ethical and environmental education. Moreover, a large proportion of respondents said individuals have no opinion when confronted with questions on Responsible Social Involvement and Social Research and Social Management of Useful Knowledge. It is concluded that people have a vague awareness of these issues, so these concepts are new to them.

Sistemas da qualidade no ensino superior : contributos para modelos de melhoria da qualidade e responsabilidade social

The management of Higher Education Institutions is being rethought, with the mission and culture of the institutions changing due to globalization, resulting in new models of management and governance. The quality of Higher Education and its obligations to society are of current importance. The structural changes that the society has gone through requires a response in higher education that matches the changing needs of the society. Higher Education Institutions require new perspectives and a new strategic vision to cope with the uncertainty arising at a global scale, and this plays a role in their quality and whether they are leading institutions. Thus the following question arises: Which forms of management and governance contribute to the improvement of quality in higher education? The methodology for this study was designed with five stages: preparation of a plan of work within the thesis, the gradual progression to understanding the up-to-date understanding of Higher Education Research, generating research hypotheses and creating further understanding, writing the thesis with critical analysis and reflection. In addition to other relevant issues in higher education, different models were studied: Models of excellence, Models for implementation of Quality Management Systems, Environmental Management, Occupational Health and Safety Management, Risk Management, among others. Several indicators of Social Responsibility were created in this context and a pilot study was conducted in the area of Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions. Finally the conclusions resulting from the pilot study are presented and questions arising from the theoretical research are discussed. For example, the pilot study showed that there are indicators of a lack of understanding within the institutions to issues related to ethical and environmental education. Moreover, a large proportion of respondents said individuals have no opinion when confronted with questions on Responsible Social Involvement and Social Research and Social Management of Useful Knowledge. It is concluded that people have a vague awareness of these issues, so these concepts are new to them.

Sistemas da qualidade no ensino superior : contributos para modelos de melhoria da qualidade e responsabilidade social

The management of Higher Education Institutions is being rethought, with the mission and culture of the institutions changing due to globalization, resulting in new models of management and governance. The quality of Higher Education and its obligations to society are of current importance. The structural changes that the society has gone through requires a response in higher education that matches the changing needs of the society. Higher Education Institutions require new perspectives and a new strategic vision to cope with the uncertainty arising at a global scale, and this plays a role in their quality and whether they are leading institutions. Thus the following question arises: Which forms of management and governance contribute to the improvement of quality in higher education? The methodology for this study was designed with five stages: preparation of a plan of work within the thesis, the gradual progression to understanding the up-to-date understanding of Higher Education Research, generating research hypotheses and creating further understanding, writing the thesis with critical analysis and reflection. In addition to other relevant issues in higher education, different models were studied: Models of excellence, Models for implementation of Quality Management Systems, Environmental Management, Occupational Health and Safety Management, Risk Management, among others. Several indicators of Social Responsibility were created in this context and a pilot study was conducted in the area of Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions. Finally the conclusions resulting from the pilot study are presented and questions arising from the theoretical research are discussed. For example, the pilot study showed that there are indicators of a lack of understanding within the institutions to issues related to ethical and environmental education. Moreover, a large proportion of respondents said individuals have no opinion when confronted with questions on Responsible Social Involvement and Social Research and Social Management of Useful Knowledge. It is concluded that people have a vague awareness of these issues, so these concepts are new to them.

Statistics in science and in society: From a state-of-the-art to a new research agenda

Statistics occupies a prominent role in science and citizens' daily life. This article provides a state-of-the-art of the problems associated with statistics in science and in society, structured along the three paradigms defined by Bauer, Allum and Miller (2007). It explores in more detail medicine and public understanding of science on the one hand, and risks and surveys on the other. Statistics has received a good deal of attention; however, very often handled in terms of deficit - either of scientists or of citizens. Many tools have been proposed to improve statistical literacy, the image of and trust in statistics, but with little understanding of their roots, with little coordination among stakeholders and with few assessments of impacts. These deficiencies represent as many new and promising directions in which the PUS research agenda could be expanded.

Aprendizaje Servicio Universitario: creando empleo a partir de la emprendeduría social

La Universidad debe erigirse como motor de la sociedad civil y abordar con decisión los desafíos sociales contemporáneos, como es la situación de paro en España. La metodología del Aprendizaje Servicio Universitario permite integrar un aprendizaje basado en la realidad con el servicio a la comunidad concretizando la responsabilidad social de la Universidad. El artículo presenta el proyecto interfacultativo EcoSPORTech desarrollado en la Universidad de Vic cuya finalidad ha sido la creación de empleo juvenil desde la emprendeduría social. La política de comunicación ha sido clave en este proyecto.

Análisis de la responsabilidad social corporativa en empresas del mercado continuo español

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis descriptivo de la responsabilidad social corporativa, en el área medioambiental. En concreto, se estudia la información medioambiental que detallan las empresas en su Memoria normal de las cuentas anuales en relación con la que regula el PGC07. También analizamos si las empresas que siguen fielmente el PGC07 son las que más certificados medioambientales y Memorias de sostenibilidad presentan. Hemos escogido como muestra un conjunto de empresas de determinados sectores de actividad del mercado continuo español en el ejercicio 2008. Los resultados alcanzados nos permiten concluir que las empresas que tienen alguna certificación medioambiental son las que presentan más información medioambiental en su Memoria contable avalando el cambio que se está produciendo en la cultura empresarial.

El fútbol y el negocio del entretenimiento global. Los clubes como multinacionales del ocio

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de expansión internacional de los clubes más ricos del fútbol español durante la primera década del siglo XXI, Real Madrid y FC Barcelona. Después de que los clubes de la Premier League inglesa fueran los primeros en crear una estrategia de branding internacional, otras ligas y organizaciones deportivas han adoptado sus mismos sistemas de gestión empresarial. En España, el Real Madrid y el FC Barcelona son el ejemplo más evidente, por su número de fans en todo el mundo, por sus acuerdos internacionales en la comercialización de sus productos con otras organizaciones y por la presencia que tienen sus marcas en todo el mundo gracias a las inversiones de sus fundaciones en escuelas de fútbol en concepto de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Por eso, ambos clubes, Real Madrid y FC Barcelona, pueden calificarse de nuevas multinacionales del ocio.

Energiayhtiöiden ympäristöraportointi – Erilaiset yritykset raportoijina

Yleinen kiinnostus ympäristöasioita kohtaan on nousemassa, ja yritysten sidosryhmät kaipaavat enemmän tietoa yritysten toimista ympäristövaikutusten vähentämiseksi. Erityisesti tiedon tarve on kasvanut aloilla, joilla yritystoiminnalla on paljon ympäristövaikutuksia. Yhä useammat yritykset raportoivatkin ympäristövastuusta yhteiskuntavastuun osana. Raportointi on kuitenkin laadultaan ja kattavuudeltaan vaihtelevaa ja yleisesti riittämätöntä ja puolueellista. Tämä pro gradu- tutkielman tarkoituksena on kuvata mahdollisimman kattavasti kuuden Suomessa toimivan energiayhtiön ympäristöraportointia. Tutkimuksessa pyritään myös löytämään eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä raportointiin liittyen, ja tutkimaan niihin vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytetään sekä laadullista, että määrällistä analyysiä. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu vuosien 2006–2008 ympäristöraportoinnista. Tutkielman johtopäätöksinä esitetään, että raportointi ympäristöasioista on varsin eri tasolla erilaisissa energiayhtiöissä. Tutkimustulokset tukevat aiempaa tutkimusta aiheesta: ympäristöraportoinnin laatua ja kattavuutta selittäviä tekijöitä ovat yrityksen koko ja toimialue, yhtiömuoto sekä sidosryhmäsuhteet. Pienten, paikallisten ja erityisesti osuuskuntamuotoisten yritysten ympäristöraportointia kannattaisi kehittää, sillä niillä olisi paljon hyvää kerrottavaa. Korkeatasoinen yhteiskuntavastuuraportointi antaa yritykselle kilpailuedun lisäksi myös muita sisäisiä ja ulkoisia hyötyjä.

Designing features for supporting social interactions in online communities

This Master's thesis studies the development of interaction and socialization in online communities. A large number of online communities fade away even before they really get started. In many occasions the reason is that the community does not give anything new, or even if they do, the delivery does not satisfy the users. In this thesis guidelines were developed to help to see important things, which might be forgotten when developing an online community. The thesis goes through the characteristic of an online community and human behaviour related to them and also compares behaviour in the Internet and real life. In addition, usability is an important part of the online communities and thus it is also covered in this thesis. As a result of this thesis an 8-step guideline was developed to ease the design of an online community. Guidelines were also applied to two real life cases which are described as one part of this work.

Calculation of the carbon footprint of Finnish barley products - methodology and possible applications

The purpose of this thesis was to define how product carbon footprint analysis and its results can be used in company's internal development as well as in customer and interest group guidance, and how these factors are related to corporate social responsibility. From-cradle-to-gate carbon footprint was calculated for three products; Torino Whole grain barley, Torino Pearl barley, and Elovena Barley grit & oat bran, all of them made of Finnish barley. The carbon footprint of the Elovena product was used to determine carbon footprints for industrial kitchen cooked porridge portions. The basic calculation data was collected from several sources. Most of the data originated from Raisio Group's contractual farmers and Raisio Group's cultivation, processing and packaging specialists. Data from national and European literature and database sources was also used. The electricity consumption for porridge portions' carbon footprint calculations was determined with practical measurements. The carbon footprint calculations were conducted according to the ISO 14044 standard, and the PAS 2050 guide was also applied. A consequential functional unit was applied in porridge portions' carbon footprint calculations. Most of the emissions from barley products' life cycle originate from primary production. The nitrous oxide emissions from cultivated soil and the use and production of nitrogenous fertilisers contribute over 50% of products' carbon footprint. Torino Pearl barley has the highest carbon footprint due to the lowest processing output. The reductions in products' carbon footprint can be achieved with developments in cultivation and grain processing. The carbon footprint of porridge portion can be reduced by using domestically produced plant-based ingredients and by making the best possible use of the kettle. Carbon footprint calculation can be used to determine possible improvement points related to corporate environmental responsibility. Several improvement actions are related to economical and social responsibility through better raw material utilization and expense reductions.

Ammattikorkeakoulun yhteiskuntavastuu sidosryhmävuorovaikutuksen näkökulmasta

Tutkielman tarkoituksena on tutkia sidosryhmävuorovaikutuksen roolia ammattikorkeakoulun yhteiskuntavastuutehtävän toteuttamisessa. Tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisista ulottuvuuksista ammattikorkeakoulun yhteiskuntavastuu sidosryhmien näkökulmasta muodostuu, miten ammattikorkeakoulut toteuttavat sidosryhmävuorovaikutusta sekä mitä arvoa vuorovaikutus tuottaa osapuolille. Tutkimusstrategiana on laadullinen tapaustutkimus, jonka aineistonkeruumenetelmänä on teemahaastattelu ja tutkimusmetodina sisällönanalyysi. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu kolmen sidosryhmän ja kohdeorganisaation edustajien haastatteluista. Kohdeorganisaatio on Kymenlaakson ammattikorkeakoulu. Tutkimustulosten mukaan ammattikorkeakoulun yhteiskuntavastuu on pitkälle säädelty, laaja ja verkostomainen kokonaisuus, jossa sidosryhmät jakavat vastuuta. Lakisääteiset tehtävät muodostavat yhteiskuntavastuun rungon, jonka lisäksi ammattikorkeakoululla on samat vastuut kuin yrityksillä. Lakisääteisen ja valtionohjauksen perustason ylittäminen on mahdollista strategian, profiloitumisen ja laadunvarmistuksen avulla. Yhteiskuntavastuu ja siihen liittyvä vuorovaikutus integroituvat osaksi ammattikorkeakoulun toimintaa. Strategia suuntaa sidosryhmävuorovaikutukseen liittyvää ja käytössä olevien resurssien edellyttämää priorisointia. Vuorovaikutus on tutkielman perusteella strategista toimintaa, jonka moraaliset ja arvoa luovat ominaisuudet määräytyvät sekä valtionohjauksen että ammattikorkeakoulun vapaaehtoisesti ottamien vastuiden kautta.