Hiljaisen tiedon siirto Etelä-Karjalan Osuuspankin Imatrankosken konttorissa

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on osallistua liiketaloustieteelliseen keskusteluun hiljaisen tiedon siirtämisestä sekä vahvistaa Etelä-Karjalan Osuuspankissa käytävää keskustelua hiljaisesta tiedosta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ymmärtää ja kuvata, mitä hiljainen tieto tarkoittaa Etelä-Karjalan Osuuspankin Imatrankosken konttorissa, kuinka hiljaisen tiedon siirtoa siellä tehdään sekä kuinka siellä kannattaisi tehdä hiljaisen tiedon siirtoa. Tutkimus toteutettiin kahdentoista laadullisen teemahaastattelun avulla. Hiljainen tieto tarkoittaa Imatrankosken konttorissa käytännön sekä kokemuksen kautta muodostunutta tietoa ja osaamista, mitä on vaikea ilmaista sanoin, mutta sen avulla toiminnasta tulee asiakaslähtöisempää. Hiljaisen tietotaidon siirtäminen sukupolvien välisen kuilun yli nähdään tärkeänä. Hiljainen tieto siirtyy Imatrankosken konttorissa henkilöltä toiselle epävirallisissa yhteyksissä vuorovaikutuksen avulla. Ensimmäiseksi on kiinnitettävä huomiota ympäristöön, jossa hiljaista tietoa siirretään ja sitten valittaviin menetelmiin. Ratkaisut onnistuneempaan hiljaisen tiedon siirtoon liittyvät tietynlaiseen ympäristöön, vuorovaikutukseen ihmisten välillä, yhteistyöhön ja työn kautta oppimiseen, tapoihin sekä menetelmiin, kuten perehdyttäminen, mentorointi, benchmarking, palaverit ja koulutukset, työkierto sekä tekniikan hyödyntäminen.

Evolution: the end of an ancient asexual scandal.

Bdelloid rotifers were believed to have persisted and diversified in the absence of sex. Two papers now show they exchange genes with each other, via horizontal gene transfers as known in bacteria and/or via other forms of non-canonical sex.

Biopolítica de Estados expulsores

La biopolítica sobre los migrantes se fundamenta en el binomio dejar entrar-residir o expulsar. Las leyes de extranjería están elaboradas sobre dos ejes: por un lado, en la regulación de los lujos migratorios en función del mercado de trabajo y las demandas de la economía y, por otro, en el control policial y la persecución de la inmigración irregular. Para la realización del primer eje del binomio, dejar entrar y residir, los Estados se dotan de mecanismos de regulación e intervención sobre el inmigrante concebido como fuerza de trabajo productiva. Asimismo los Estados crean mecanismos de control-sanción para las personas migrantes que incumplen los requisitos establecidos para entrar y residir en el territorio. En este punto la biopolítica sobrela población migrante se solapa o toma forma en el ejercicio de la soberanía por el Leviatán. Las medidas de control y sanción que los gobiernos ponen en marcha sobre los sin papeles han creado una imponente maquinaria de coacción en el interior de las instituciones del Estado de derecho hasta el punto de convertirlo en un Estado expulsor.

Análisis de los datos de las personas extranjeras detenidas, internadas y expulsadas en España, Grecia, Italia y Portugal, 2000-2009

Desde mediados de los años ochenta del siglo pasado los países del sur del Mediterráneo, como España, Italia, Grecia y Portugal, comenzaron a recibir importantes flujos migratorios procedentes del sur y este europeo. Ello determinó la necesidad de disponer de nuevas legislaciones para regular la entrada y la residencia en el territorio, el acceso al mercado de trabajo y la integración de miles de personas procedentes del resto del mundo.

Estados expulsores y semipersonas en la Unión Europea

La aprobación en junio de 2008 por el Parlamento Europeo de la Directiva de retorno denominada también Directiva de la infamia o Directiva de expulsión consolida el proceso de involución que sobre los derechos humanos se viene produciendo en la Unión Europea desde que el miedo a la inmigración irregular se incardinó en sus instituciones. Si bien las legislaciones de extranjería de los años ochenta contenían normas que regulaban el internamiento y la expulsión no es hasta la Directiva 2001/40/CE que comienza a tomar forma una política comunitaria centrada en la inmigración irregular y las expulsiones de migrantes. Las medidas de retorno son, dice la Comisión europea,"una piedra angular de la política de migración de la UE". Desde entonces, la barbarie de los centros de retención e internamiento, el socavamiento de los derechos y la exclusión y criminalización de los migrantes extranjeros se han convertido en el caballo de batalla de las asociaciones defensoras de los derechos humanos. La erosión que las legislaciones y medidas de expulsión están provocado en los derechos y libertades y en las instituciones del Estado de derecho es inmensa. El retroceso y la erosión en los derechos y libertades es tan grande que ya no es posible continuar hablando sin más de Estados de derecho en la UE, sino más bien de máquinas administrativas para el internamiento y la expulsión, de"Estados expulsores"(1), donde las personas extranjeras son tratadas como semipersonas (2) e incluso como"no-personas" (3).

Expertise and decision making among clinicians in investigations of alleged child sexual abuse

The purpose of the present thesis was to explore different aspects of decision making and expertise in investigations of child sexual abuse (CSA) and subsequently shed some light on the reasons for shortcomings in the investigation processes. Clinicians’ subjective attitudes as well as scientifically based knowledge concerning CSA, CSA investigation and interviewing were explored. Furthermore the clinicians’ own view on their expertise and what enhances this expertise was investigated. Also, the effects of scientific knowledge, experience and attitudes on the decision making in a case of CSA were explored. Finally, the effects of different kinds of feedback as well as experience on the ability to evaluate CSA in the light of children’s behavior and base rates were investigated. Both explorative and experimental methods were used. The purpose of Study I was to investigate whether clinicians investigating child sexual abuse (CSA) rely more on scientific knowledge or on clinical experience when evaluating their own expertise. Another goal was to check what kind of beliefs the clinicians held. The connections between these different factors were investigated. A questionnaire covering items concerning demographic data, experience, knowledge about CSA, selfevaluated expertise and beliefs about CSA was given to social workers, child psychiatrists and psychologists working with children. The results showed that the clinicians relied more on their clinical experience than on scientific knowledge when evaluating their expertise as investigators of CSA. Furthermore, social workers possessed stronger attitudes in favor of children than the other groups, while child psychiatrists had more negative attitudes towards the criminal justice system. Male participants held less strong beliefs than female participants. The findings indicate that the education of CSA investigators should focus more on theoretical knowledge and decision making processes as well as the role of beliefs In Study II school and family counseling psychologists completed a Child Sexual Abuse Attitude and Belief Scale. Four CSA related attitude and belief subscales were identified: 1. The Disclosure subscale reflecting favoring a disclosure at any cost, 2. The Pro-Child subscale reflecting unconditional belief in children's reports, 3. The Intuition subscale reflecting favoring an intuitive approach to CSA investigations, and 4. The Anti Criminal Justice System subscale reflecting negative attitudes towards the legal system. Beliefs that were erroneous according to empirical research were analyzed separately. The results suggest that some psychologists hold extreme attitudes and many erroneous beliefs related to CSA. Some misconceptions are common. Female participants tended to hold stronger attitudes than male participants. The more training in interviewing children the participants have, the more erroneous beliefs and stronger attitudes they hold. Experience did not affect attitudes and beliefs. In Study III mental health professionals’ sensitivity to suggestive interviewing in CSA cases was explored. Furthermore, the effects of attitudes and beliefs related to CSA and experience with CSA investigations on the sensitivity to suggestive influences in the interview were investigated. Also, the effect of base rate estimates of CSA on decisions was examined. A questionnaire covering items concerning demographic data, different aspects of clinical experience, self-evaluated expertise, beliefs and knowledge about CSA and a set of ambiguous material based on real trial documents concerning an alleged CSA case was given to child mental health professionals. The experiment was based on a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (leading questions: yes vs no) x (stereotype induction: yes vs no) x (emotional tone: pressure to respond vs no pressure to respond) x (threats and rewards: yes vs no) between-subjects factorial design, in which the suggestiveness of the methods with which the responses of the child were obtained were varied. There was an additional condition in which the material did not contain any interview transcripts. The results showed that clinicians are sensitive only to the presence of leading questions but not to the presence of other suggestive techniques. Furthermore, the clinicians were not sensitive to the possibility that suggestive techniques could have been used when no interview transcripts had been included in the trial material. Experience had an effect on the sensitivity of the clinicians only regarding leading questions. Strong beliefs related to CSA lessened the sensitivity to leading questions. Those showing strong beliefs on the belief scales used in this study were even more prone to prosecute than other participants when other suggestive influences than leading questions were present. Controversy exists regarding effects of experience and feedback on clinical decision making. In Study IV the impact of the number of handled cases and of feedback on the decisions in cases of alleged CSA was investigated. One-hundred vignettes describing cases of suspected CSA were given to students with no experience with investigating CSA. The vignettes were based on statistical data about symptoms and prevalence of CSA. According to the theoretical likelihood of CSA the children described were categorized as abused or not abused. The participants were asked to decide whether abuse had occurred. They were divided into 4 groups: one received feedback on whether their decision was right or wrong, one received information about cognitive processes involved in decision making, one received both, and one did not receive feedback at all. The results showed that participants who received feedback on their performance made more correct positive decisions and participants who got information about decision making processes made more correct negative decisions. Feedback and information combined decreased the number of correct positive decisions but increased the number of correct negative decisions. The number of read cases had in itself a positive effect on correct positive decision.

Testing the FTPL across government tiers

Control on regional government budgets is important in a monetary union as lower tiers of government have fewer incentives to consolidate debt. According to the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level; unsustainable non-Ricardian fiscal policies eventually force monetary policy to adjust. Hence, uncoordinated and non-regulated regional fiscal policies would therefore threaten price stability for the monetary union as a whole. However, the union central bank is not without defense. A federal government that internalises the spillover effect of non-Ricardian fiscal policies on the price level can offset non-Ricardian regional fiscal policies. A federal government, which taxes and transfers resources between regions, may compensate for unsustainable regional fiscal policies so as to keep fiscal policy Ricardian on aggregate. Following Canzoneri et al. (2001), we test the validity of the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level for both federal and regional governments in Germany. We find evidence of a spillover effect of unsustainable policies on the price level for other Länder. However, the German federal government offsets this effect on the price level by running Ricardian policies. These results have implications for the regulation of fiscal policies in the EMU.

Volatility spillovers in EMU sovereign bond markets

We analyse volatility spillovers in EMU sovereign bond markets. First, we examine the unconditional patterns during the full sample (April 1999-January 2014) using a measure recently proposed by Diebold and Yılmaz (2012). Second, we make use of a dynamic analysis to evaluate net directional volatility spillovers for each of the eleven countries under study, and to determine whether core and peripheral markets present differences. Finally, we apply a panel analysis to empirically investigate the determinants of net directional spillovers of this kind.

Improving the efficiency of PV low-power processing circuits by selecting an optimal inductor current of the DC/DC converter

In the context of autonomous sensors powered by small-size photovoltaic (PV) panels, this work analyses how the efficiency of DC/DC-converter-based power processing circuits can be improved by an appropriate selection of the inductor current that transfers the energy from the PV panel to a storage unit. Each component of power losses (fixed, conduction and switching losses) involved in the DC/DC converter specifically depends on the average inductor current so that there is an optimal value of this current that causes minimal losses and, hence, maximum efficiency. Such an idea has been tested experimentally using two commercial DC/DC converters whose average inductor current is adjustable. Experimental results show that the efficiency can be improved up to 12% by selecting an optimal value of that current, which is around 300-350 mA for such DC/DC converters.

Riboflavina: uma vitamina multifuncional

Riboflavin, a component of the B2 vitaminic complex, plays important roles in biochemistry, especially in redox reactions, due to the ability to participate in both one- and two-electron transfers as well as acting as a photosensitizer. Accordingly, low intakes of this vitamin have been associated with different diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Riboflavin is thought to contribute to oxidative stress through its capacity to produce superoxide but, interestingly, it can also promote the reduction of hydroperoxides. This peculiar and multifunctional behavior allows riboflavin to take part in various biochemical pathways as a nucleophile and an electrophile, turning it into a versatile and important biological compound.

Modern recovery boiler design criteria

Engineering and pricing of large recovery boiler were studied in this work. Engineering was carried out with Anita 4.2 which is an engineering program of Andritz. Key initial values were chosen with previous studies. Primary target of this work was to find out the consequences that furnace dimensions and furnace screen vertical part has to boiler pricing. Boilers that were engineered had different rate of furnace width and depth and different heat transfer plate count. Boiler balances were invariable. Boilers with different vertical screen construction were also calculated. First variation was boiler with vertical screen up to furnace roof. Other variation was to connect vertical screen to Pre-boiler generating bank inlet tubes. Total prices were calculated to engineered boilers. Pricing was sort out to heat transfers, high pressure pipes, steel structures, auxiliary equipments and civil/structural costs. This study did not notice parts of the boiler which costs do not vary with the construction of the boiler. Heat transfers had the largest share of costs. Boiler building had the most significant differences between the boilers. Furnace screen had also significant role especially to costs of the boiler building.

Model-based study of a chemical-looping combustion process

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. The technique typically employs a dual fluidized bed system where a metal oxide is used as a solid oxygen carrier that transfers the oxygen from combustion air to the fuel. The oxygen carrier is looping between the air reactor, where it is oxidized by the air, and the fuel reactor, where it is reduced by the fuel. Hence, air is not mixed with the fuel, and outgoing CO2 does not become diluted by the nitrogen, which gives a possibility to collect the CO2 from the flue gases after the water vapor is condensed. CLC is being proposed as a promising and energy efficient carbon capture technology, since it can achieve both an increase in power station efficiency simultaneously with low energy penalty from the carbon capture. The outcome of a comprehensive literature study concerning the current status of CLC development is presented in this thesis. Also, a steady state model of the CLC process, based on the conservation equations of mass and energy, was developed. The model was used to determine the process conditions and to calculate the reactor dimensions of a 100 MWth CLC system with bunsenite (NiO) as oxygen carrier and methane (CH4) as fuel. This study has been made in Oxygen Carriers and Their Industrial Applications research project (2008 – 2011), funded by the Tekes – Functional Material program. I would like to acknowledge Tekes and participating companies for funding and all project partners for good and comfortable cooperation.

Desenvolupament d'un sistema de transferència de software per una placa entrenadora

El departament d’electrònica i telecomunicacions de la Universitat de Vic ha dissenyat un conjunt de plaques entrenadores amb finalitat educativa. Perquè els alumnes puguin utilitzar aquestes plaques com a eina d’estudi, és necessari disposar d’un sistema de gravació econòmic i còmode. La major part dels programadors, en aquest cas, no compleixen amb aquests requeriments. L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és dissenyar un sistema de programació que utilitzi la comunicació sèrie i que no requereixi d'un hardware ni software específics. D’aquesta manera, obtenim una placa autònoma i un programador gratuït, de muntatge ràpid i simple d’utilitzar. El sistema de gravació dissenyat s’ha dividit en tres blocs. Per una banda, un programa que anomenem “programador” encarregat de transferir codi de programa des de l’ordinador al microcontrolador de la placa entrenadora. Per altra banda, un programa anomenat “bootloader”, situat al microcontrolador, permet rebre aquest codi de programa i emmagatzemar-lo a les direccions de memòria de programa corresponents. Com a tercer bloc, s’implementa un protocol de comunicació i un sistema de control d’errors per tal d’assegurar una correcta comunicació entre el “programador” i el “bootloader”. Els objectius d’aquest projecte s’han complert i per les proves realitzades, el sistema de programació ha funcionat correctament.

Tuote- ja tilaustietojen hallinta tukkukaupan toimitusketjussa

Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisia tuote-ja tilaustietojen hallinnan malleja tukkukaupan toimitusketjussa on käytössä. Kaupan alan tilaus-toimitusketju on hyvin tietointensiivinen prosessi, ja siksi kiinnostava tiedon hallinnan näkökulmasta. Työssä perehdytään kolmen Suomessa toimivan caseyrityksen käytäntöihin päivittäistavara- kaupan, lääketukkukaupan ja sähkötarviketukkukaupan alalta. Toimitusketjun keskipisteenä on tässä työssä tukkukaupan organisaatio. Tiedon välitystä tarkastellaan tukkukaupan organisaation ja sen asiakkaiden välillä (B2B) ja toisaalta tukkukaupan ja sen ensimmäisen tason päämiesten / tavarantoimittajien välillä. Tutkimuksen keskeistä aineistoa ovat henkilökohtaiset haastattelut. Lisäksi tutkimuskysymyksiin etsittiin vastauksia myös alan kirjallisuudesta. Työ antaa yleiskuvaa tukkukaupan organisaatioiden tuote- ja tilaustietojen hallinnan nykytilasta ja kehityskohteista. Työ tarjoaa myös vertailupohjaa tuote- ja tilaustietojen hallinnan kehittämistä suunnitteleville muille organisaatioille. Kaikilla tarkastelluilla toimialoilla tuote- ja tilaustietojen hallintaa ohjaa pyrkimys kustannustehokkaaseen toimintatapaan. Tuotetietojen hallinnassa ensiarvoisen tärkeää on tuotetiedon nopea saatavuus, luotettavuus ja virheettömyys toimialasta riippumatta. Päivittäistavarakaupan tuotetietojen keskitettyä hallintaa voi perustellusti esittää malliksi myös muille kaupan aloille. Yhteistyökumppaneiden suuri määrä ja kasvavat tietovirrat korostavat transaktioiden prosessoinnin merkitystä toimitusketjussa.

Theoretical investigation of electronic excitation transfer between chlorophylls in light-harvesting antenna of photosystem ii using quantum computers

The excitation energy transfer between chlorophylls in major and minor antenna complexes of photosystem II (PSII) was investigated using quantum Fourier transforms. These transforms have an important role in the efficiency of quantum algorithms of quantum computers. The equation 2n=N was used to make the connection between excitation energy transfers using quantum Fourier transform, where n is the number of qubits required for simulation of transfers and N is the number of chlorophylls in the antenna complexes.